双菱体λ/4消色差相位延迟器的设计

根据菲涅尔全内反射相变理论,给出了双菱体λ/4消色差器的结构设计、性能分析和测量方法.由有效通光孔径和光线追迹设计出BK7玻璃在波长532 nm时相位延迟λ/4的双菱体的结构,用作532 nm至1 064 nm波长范围的标准λ/4相位延迟器.理论分析了入射角变化和波长变化对双菱体相位延迟的影响,当入射角变化限制在±4.3°以内时,其影响得到补偿；波长从532 nm到1 064 nm产生的误差为－0.65°.采用椭偏法中的消光技术,分别实测了双菱体在532 nm和1 064 nm波长下的相位延迟为：90.08±0.14°和88.99±0.1°,可知两不同波长产生的相位延迟误差为－1.09°.

James's rule and causes and consequences of a latitudinal cline in the demography of John's Snapper (Lutjanus johnii) in coastal waters of Australia

Demographic parameters were derived from sectioned otoliths of John’s Snapper (Lutjanus johnii) from 4 regions across 9° of latitude and 23° of longitude in northern Australia. Latitudinal variation in size and growth rates of this species greatly exceeded longitudinal variation. Populations of John’s Snapper farthest from the equator had the largest body sizes, in line with James’s rule, and the fastest growth rates, contrary to the temperature-size rule for ectotherms. A maximum age of 28.6 years, nearly 3 times previous estimates, was recorded and the largest individual was 990 mm in fork length. Females grew to a larger mean asymptotic fork length (L∞) than did males, a finding consistent with functional gonochorism. Otolith weight at age and gonad weight at length followed the same latitudinal trends seen in length at age. Length at maturity was ~72–87% of L∞ and varied by ~23% across the full latitudinal gradient, but age at first maturity was consistently in the range of 6–10 years, indicating that basic growth trajectories were similar across vastly different environments. We discuss both the need for complementary reproductive data in age-based studies and the insights gained from experiments where the concept of oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance is applied to explain the mechanistic causes of James’s rule in tropical fish species.

Colección de corales pétreos de Cuba. [Versión electrónica para multimedia del libro Corales Pétreos de Cuba publicado en 1980 por Nereida Martínez Estalella y Vasil Zlatarski.]

Versión electrónica para multimedia del libro Corales Pétreos de Cuba publicado en 1980 por Nereida Martínez Estalella y Vasil Zlatarski. La colección de Corales pétreos se formó en el Instituto de Oceanología entre los años 1970 y 1975. En 2005 pasa a ser custodiada por el Acuario Nacional con el resto de las colecciones biológicas. La colección está formada por 4,990 ejemplares, 2 Clases Anthozoa e Hydrozoa , 16 familias, 30 géneros, 45 especies y 23 formas. Multimedia electronic book version of Stony Corals Cuba published in 1980 by Nereida Martínez Estalella and Vasil Zlatarski. The collection of stony corals are formed at the Institute of Oceanology between 1970 and 1975. Renumbered in 2005 by the National Aquarium guarded with other biological collections. The collection consists of 4,990 samples, 2 classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, 16 families, 30 genera, 45 species and 23 forms.

鮡科褶鮡属鱼类部分线粒体DNA序列分析与分子进化

采用PCR技术获得了中国鮡科褶鮡属(Pseudecheneis)5种鱼类及外群种类巨魾[Bagarius yarrelli(Sykes)]和红河纹胸鮡(Glyptothorax fukiensis honghensis Li)的线粒体部分基因序列.序列分析结果表明:间褶鮡(Pseudecheneis intermedius Chu)与平吻褶鮡(P.paviei Vaillant)在Cyt b基因片段上完全无差异,形成单倍型,支持间褶鮡应为平吻褶鮡的同物异名.凭Cyt b基因片段构建了它们的NJ,MP和ML分子树,3棵分子树基本一致,均支持褶鮡属构成一单系群;怒江和伊洛瓦底江"黄斑褶鮡"不同样品分别聚在一起,但二水系的样品未能形成一单系;其他各种的不同样品均能分别聚在一起形成单系.怒江和伊洛瓦底江"黄斑褶鮡"的分类地位值得今后进一步研究.

Survival, maturation, fecundity and hatching rates of unablated and ablated Penaeus indicus H.M. Edwards from brackishwater ponds

Penaeus indicus harvested after three months of rearing in brackishwater ponds and averaging 6.9 g for females and 5.6 g for males were stocked in two 12 cu m flowthrough ferrocement tanks at 240 females and 200 males per tank. The females were ablated on one eyestalk in one tank and remained unablated in the other tank; all males were unablated. Ablated females spawned up to 7 times per female; unablated females spawned up to only 3 times during the two month duration of the experiment. Ablated females produced a total number of 17.5 x 10⁶ eggs, 6.6 x 10⁶ nauplii, and an average of 23,480 eggs/spawning and 37.8% hatching rate from a total of 757 spawnings. Unablated females produced a total of 2.0 x 10⁶ eggs, 1.1 x 10⁶ nauplii, and an average of 26.990 eggs/spawning and 53.9% hatching rate from a total of 74 spawnings. Survival of ablated females was 53.5% compared to 69.4% for unablated females; males in both tanks averaged more than 90% survival.

Effect of delayed icing on the quality of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fab.)

Effect of delayed icing on the quality of Penaeus monodon iced after three hours of harvest was studied in plastic and bamboo baskets. After harvest of three hours at ambient temperature (28°-32°C), ice was added to the shrimp at a ratio of 1:1 (shrimp:ice) and stored for 21 hours in both the baskets. Quality evaluation was carried out through visual assessment, biochemical analysis and microbial analysis for 24 hours. The organoleptic evaluation and scoring was done from the time of harvest treated as 0 hour and the average score was 10. At 9th hour after iced condition quality of shrimp was found reduced to the next stage (acceptable) with a score ranged from 8.4-6.5 in both baskets. This acceptable stage was observed throughout the experiment for bamboo basket whereas in the plastic basket the quality was reduced to a small extent with a score of 6.4 (moderately acceptable). Till the end point of the experiment the quality of shrimp was acceptable in respect to biochemical analysis. The microbial load was found log sub(10) 3.99±0.12 cfu/g to log sub(10) 4.33±0.21 cfu/g and log sub(10) 4.01 ±0.12 cfu/g to log sub(10) 4.83±0.19 cfu/g in the bamboo and plastic basket respectively. The importers or buyers suggests for immediate icing to maintain good quality but results of the present experiment suggest that the quality does not vary drastically for first three hours.

Effects of dietary vitamin E on the growth and breeding performance of Ompok pabda

A 90 day feeding trail was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin E on the growth and breeding performance of Ompok pabda. A total of 84 healthy female brood fish (41.10±0.44g) were divided into 4 treatments i.e. treatment T1 T2, T3 and T4 having three replications each. The fish were fed twice a day with a standard feed (40% protein) having 4 doses of vitamin E viz. 0 (served as control), 50, 100 and 150mg vitamin E/kg feed. At the end of the feeding trial, the brood fish were induced to breed with PG extract to observe the effect of vitamin Eon feed. After rearing for 90 days with the experimental feeds, it was found that weight gain and specific growth rate of brood fish fed with 100mg vitamin E/kg feed (treatment T3) was the highest (14.78±0.38g and 2.99±0.11) while 150mg vitamin E/kg feed (treatment T4) fed fish gave the poorest result (2.97±0.89g and 1.21±0.32). There was no significant difference in terms of length gain of brood fish among the different treatments. The brood fish were induced to breed with equal dose of PG extract (18 and 12mg PG/kg body weight for female and male respectively) to observe the dietary effect of vitamin E on breeding performance. The highest ovulation, fertilization and hatching rate of eggs were found to be 81.48±6.41%, 84.04±3.53% and 68.59±5.03% respectively in the brood fish of treatment T1 while the poorest (33.33±00%, 52.35±5.02% and 45.70±7.24% respectively) were found in the brood fish under treatment T4. The results suggest that inclusion of 100mg vitamin E/kg feed is best for enhancing the breeding performance of O. pabda brood fish indicating that vitamin E content has a positive impact on reproduction of fish. The present results also imply that inclusion of higher level of vitamin E exerts an antagonistic effect in terms of growth and breeding performance of this species.

银鲫pou2基因在胚胎发育过程中的时空表达图式

用RACE-PCR方法从原肠期SMART文库中扩增到银鲫pou2基因的全长cDNA,其全长为2421bp,开放阅读框为1416bp,编码471个氨基酸,与斑马鱼pou2基因的氨基酸序列一致性高达91.0%。我们用RT-PCR和整体原位杂交的方法研究了银鲫pou2基因在胚胎发育过程中的时空表达图式。RT-PCR结果显示,银鲫pou2基因有母源转录本,其合子基因在高囊胚期强烈表达,在50%下包期和90%下包期也有高量的转录本,但在100%下包期表达量急剧降低,至体节期时已经完全检测不到其转录本。胚胎整体原位杂

稀有鮈鲫的野生种群结构

中国科学院水生物研究所所长基金(990 10 3); 江西省自然科学基金 (0 130 0 0 4)资助