鲤鱼肌肉生长抑制素基因(MSTN)的克隆及其组织表达特征

肌肉生长抑制素(Myostatin,MSTN)是动物肌肉发育和生长过程中的负调控因子,对MSTN的研究将有助于促进动物生产。鲤鱼是我国的主要淡水养殖对象之一。因此,我们采用RT-PCR方法克隆了鲤鱼MSTN cDNA(No.EF551058)的部分序列,长度为921bp,编码306个氨基酸残基。鲤鱼MSTN具有MSTN的共同特征,有蛋白酶水解位点RIRR和9个保守的半胱氨酸残基。多重序列比较发现其与斑马鱼GDF8有极近的亲缘关系,96.7%的氨基酸序列同源。不同组织的RT-PCR分析发现鲤鱼MSTN主要在

Re-mobilization of pile shaft friction after an earthquake

During strong earthquakes, significant excess pore pressures can develop in saturated soils. After shaking ceases, the dissipation of these pressures can cause significant soil settlement, creating downward-acting frictional loads on piled foundations. Additionally, if the piles do not support the full axial load at the end of shaking, then the proportion of the superstructure's vertical loading carried by the piles may change as a result of the soil settlement, further altering the axial load distribution on piles as the soil consolidates. In this paper, the effect of hydraulic conductivity and initial post-shaking pile head loading is investigated in terms of the changing axial load distribution and settlement responses. The investigation is carried out by considering the results from four dynamic centrifuge experiments in which a 2 × 2 pile group was embedded in a two-layer profile and subjected to strong shaking. It is found that large contrasts in hydraulic conductivity between the two layers of the soil model affected both the pile group settlements and axial load distribution. Both these results stem from the differences in excess pore pressure dissipation, part of which took place very rapidly when the underlying soil layer had a large hydraulic conductivity.

FLUCTUATION OF SIZE-FRACTIONATED ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AFTER BLOOM DISAPPEARANCE IN TWO SHALLOW PONDS

The temporal and vertical fluctuations of size fractionated alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and kinetics parameters as well as orthophosphate (o-P) and chlorophyll concentrations were investigated after bloom disappearance in two shallow ponds A and B from 27 October 2001 to 15 April 2002. Pond A (Microcystis) bloomed seriously but pond B did not. The data of o-P and chlorophyll suggested that phosphorus was the principal limiting nutrimental element and its vertical flux should be regarded as an important driving factor for algal growth. In pond A, the accumulation of algae-derived detritus after bloom disappearance in overlying water stimulated excretion of algal fraction APA, mainly produced by attached bacteria responsible for detritus decomposition, whereas bacterial fraction APA preferred to function in surface water. Interestingly, completely contrary phenomena were observed in pond B. In season, even though no obvious difference for size-fractionated APA in both ponds, the total APA in pond A peaked earlier showing higher activity and efficiency (low K-m and high V-max values) as a result of algal-derived detritus input. In summary, it is suggested that the excretion of alkaline phosphatase with strongly catalyzing efficiency and high activity should be taken as important contributor to algal-derived detritus decomposition, further fueling nutrient recycle and accelerating algal development next year. Furthermore, some inhibitors and surfactants were testified to be good tools to identify the origin of dissolved alkaline phosphatase.

Effects of longer heavy vehicles on traffic congestion

Two-lane, "microscopic" (vehicle-by-vehicle) simulations of motorway traffic are developed using existing models and validated using measured data from the M25 motorway. An energy consumption model is also built in, which takes the logged trajectories of simulated vehicles as drive-cycles. The simulations are used to investigate the effects on motorway congestion and fuel consumption if "longer and/or heavier vehicles" (LHVs) were to be permitted in the UK. Baseline scenarios are simulated with traffic composed of cars, light goods vehicles and standard heavy goods vehicles (HGVs). A proportion of conventional articulated HGVs is then replaced by a smaller number of LHVs carrying the same total payload mass and volume. Four LHV configurations are investigated: an 18.75 m, 46 t longer semi-trailer (LST); 25.25 m, 50 t and 60 t B-doubles and a 34 m, 82 t A-double. Metrics for congestion, freight fleet energy consumption and car energy consumption are defined for comparing the scenarios. Finally, variation of take-up level and LHV engine power for the LST and A-double are investigated. It is concluded that: (a) LHVs should reduce congestion particularly in dense traffic, however, a low mean proportion of freight traffic on UK roads and low take-up levels will limit this effect to be almost negligible; (b) LHVs can significantly improve the energy efficiency of freight fleets, giving up to a 23% reduction in fleet energy consumption at high take-up levels; (c) the small reduction in congestion caused by LHVs could improve the fuel consumption of other road users by up to 3% in dense traffic, however in free-flowing traffic an opposite effect occurs due to higher vehicle speeds and aerodynamic losses; and (d) underpowered LHVs have potential to generate severe congestion, however current manufacturers' recommendations appear suitable. © 2013 IMechE.

A new frequency offset estimation for OFDM-based systems

A new carrier frequency offset estimation scheme in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is proposed. The scheme includes coarse frequency offset estimation and fine frequency offset estimation. The coarse frequency offset estimation method we present is a improvement of Zhang's method. The estimation range of the new method is as large as the overall signal-band width. A new fine frequency offset estimation algorithm is also discussed in this paper. The new algorithm has a better performance than the Schmidl's algorithm. The system we use to calculate and simulate is based on the high rate WLAN standard adopted by the IEEE 802.11 stanidardization group. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.

基于模糊评价方法的软件质量评价研究

针对软件质量评价研究中的度量问题建立了基于ISO/IEC 9126标准的软件质量指标体系模型,结合质量评价方法研究中的常见问题,运用指标体系模型和模糊数学方法对软件质量评价标准进行模糊化处理,以度量数据为基础,根据软件质量子特性和指标之间的关系,采用模糊综合评价方法评价子特性质量和特性质量,通过建立软件质量评价模型,有效地解决了软件质量的多指标评价问题,可用于指导用户进行软件过程改进.

基于XGM波长变换系统中变换脉冲上升时间和脉冲宽度的研究

首先对半导体光放大器(SOA)中影响载流子寿命的因素进行了简单的理论分析,建立了SOA中动态载流子的模型,并且用这个模型分析了在2.5Gb/s非归零码(NRZ)条件下,基于交叉增益调制(XGM)波长变换系统中,泵浦光和信号光不同功率组合、不同波长组合,SOA的不同偏置电流等条件对变换脉冲的上升时间和脉冲的半高全宽的影响,并对结果进行了理论上的解释。

掺铒a-Si∶H,O薄膜1.54μm光致发光和微结构

国家自然科学基金,国家攀登计划

不同处理方式采伐剩余物的分解及其对森林更新的影响

采伐迹地上运走大径级的原木所剩下的枝桠物质是生态系统养分能量的来源；是动力，植物和微生物物栖息地。在本世纪五十年代就有人（A. A. Loman）对择伐和皆伐迹地上的枝桠进行了研究，用以比较它们树皮存留率的差异，但详细深入的研究是在八十年代以后，以R. L. Edmonds, C. E. Pertson为代表研究不同层次，不同径级研究枝桠的分解速率，我国在此领域的研究尚属空白。本文以长白山阔叶红松林带的四个树种：红松，白桦，落叶松，色木为对象探讨了它们枝桠的生物量，分解速率，分解过程中的养分动态以及枝桠堆对更新和火灾的影响。采伐后0-14后间，迹地上枝桠干重为31.96-9.60T/ha，通过对7个年代采伐迹地上枝桠堆面积估算后得知，枝桠堆平均占地为11.53%，以1CM直径累计值对应的枝桠堆的高度（Y：CM）为因变量，分解时间（X, yr）为自变量，则枝桠堆高度随时间变化的过程可以描述为：Y = 1.288 - 0.000889 X~2 r = -0.9896。本文以密度（Y: g/CM~3）随分解年令（X: yr）的变化来表示分解速率。四十年代样品用排水法求出来的密度与用园柱法求出的密度有如下相关关系：Y排 = 0.0129 +2.316 Y园，r = 0.94 Y表示密度（g/CM~3）。我们用单项指数模型描述分解速率：落叶松：Y = 0.4701 * exp (-0.01783 X) r = -0.927 色木: Y = 0.6742 * exp (-0.07824 X) r = -0.988 红松：Y = 0.5349 * exp (-0.03421 X) r = -0.927 桦树：Y = 0.5316 * exp (-0.1139 X) r = -0.992 红松树皮的分解模型近似于直线：Y = 0.5258 - 0.01133 X r = -0.984 落叶松，红松，色木，桦树的分解常数分别为：0.01783, 0.0.41, 0.0782, 0.1139。依此预测分解原密度的95%所需要的时间分别为：168年，87.6年，38.3年，26年。可以看出这四个树种分解从难到易的顺序为：落叶松 > 红松 > 色木 > 桦树。对枝桠密度的差民显著性检验可以说明：红松样品层次对分解的影响显著而径级对分解的影响仅在下层显著。随着分解的进行，样品的重量损失，我们也探讨了密度的降低与失重百分率之间的关系。桦树样品下层失重比上层快，说明淋溶作用对桦树样品失重的贡献不大。温湿度是影响分解的最主要的生态因子。枝桠堆上下层的湿度差异特别明显。分解时间越长，径级对含水量的影响越显著。水分含量（Y：%）随年代（X: yr）变化的趋势为：Y = 36.18 - 0.004337 X~2 (4-7cm径级）Y = 33.64 - 0.01097 X~2 (1-4cm径级） 温，湿度影响土壤动物及微生物种群分布及数量，进而影响到枝桠的分解速率，分解过程中元素动态变化是：C基本上恒定，全N含量趋于增高。径级对红松N的累积有影响。下层4-6cm径极累积最快，其次是上层4-6cm。层次的影响仅限于红松，除72年以外上层 > 下层。其它元素如P, Mg++， Ca++总的趋势是随分解过程而增加。土壤中的C元素含量受立地条件的影响，但是枝桠堆下面土壤C值高于对照。枝桠堆对森林更新和火灾均有影响。枝桠是林火的燃料，枝桠堆面积占采伐迹地的11.53%，这样减少更新面积。

青海湖表层底泥中放射性同位素^137Cs的来源

IEECAS SKLLQG

岱海湖泊沉积岩芯高分辨率磁性测量――U型槽与常规方法之比较

IEECAS SKLLQG