657 resultados para 914.35657003


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铜绿微囊藻是中国湖泊、水库及其它水域生态系统发生、形成富营养化危害的主要藻类。采用了直接显色法对单细胞铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)蓄积正磷酸盐的浓度进行测定,并与传统测定方法进行比较。直接显色法测定的磷浓度值减去溶液中可溶性磷浓度值即得到铜绿微囊藻蓄积的磷浓度值。对用不同处理方式处理过的铜绿微囊藻藻液进行过滤显色和直接显色测定,结果表明聚磷酸盐(正磷酸盐)在铜绿微囊藻体内不是游离存在,而很可能是与细胞内某一活性部分结合。在确立测定方法的基础上,研究了以修改了的MⅢ培养基为基本

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以现已成熟的美国AquaMats生物膜技术为参比,比较不同材质或结构为载体的藻-菌生物膜技术改善富营养水体的效果。结果表明:对TN、TP、CODMn、NH4+-N、透明度等指标的处理效果顺序基本为条形水草>AquaMats>人工水草>植物地毯>对照组,其中条形水草对TN、TP、CODMn的去除率分别为97.3%、77.1%、63.3%,第22d将透明度由25cm提高到85cm。大多数膜处理能将DO维持在4mg/L以上。条形水草的藻-菌生物膜技术对富营养水质改善效果最明显,且成本低廉,值得推广。

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We compare the electronic characteristics of nanowire field-effect transistors made using single pure wurtzite and pure zincblende InAs nanowires grown from identical catalyst particles. We compare the transfer characteristics and field-effect mobility versus temperature for these devices to better understand how differences in InAs phase govern the electronic properties of nanowire transistors. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

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The effects of salt stress on carbohydrate metabolism in Microcoleus vaginatus Gom., a cyanobacterium isolated from desert algal crusts, were investigated in the present study. Extracellular total carbohydrates and exopolysaccharides (EPS) in the culture medium produced by M. vaginatus increased significantly during the growth phase and reached a maximum during the stationary phase. The production of extracellular carbohydrates also significantly increased under higher salt concentrations, which was attributed to an increase in low molecular weight carbohydrates. In the presence of NaCl, the production of cellular total carbohydrates decreased and photosynthetic activity was impaired, whereas cellular reducing sugars, water-soluble sugars and sucrose content and sucrose phosphate synthase activity increased, reaching a maximum in the presence of 200 mmol/L NaCl. These parameters were restored to original levels when the algae were transferred to a non-saline medium. Sodium and K+ concentrations of stressed cells decreased significantly and H+-ATPase activity increased after the addition of exogenous sucrose or EPS. The results suggest that EPS and sucrose are synthesized to maintain the cellular osmotic equilibrium between the intra- and extracellular environment, thus protecting algal cells from osmotic damage, which was attributed to the selective exclusion of cellular Na+ and K+ by H+-ATPase.

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Stocking experiments with Eriocheir sinensis were conducted in two small, shallow lakes to study its growth pattern in 1994-1997. For the initially immature crabs, carapace width (CW) increases from 21.2 +/- 0.4 mm (mean +/- s.e.) for females and 22.3 +/- 0.5 mm for males in January, to 65.4 +/- 0.5 mm for females and 66.9 +/- 0.6 mm for males in October. There is no significant difference in CW and carapace length (CL), although there is a large difference in body weight (BW) between sexes in every month from January to August when crabs are juvenile, however, there are significant differences in CW, CL. and BW between sexes after September when the crabs become sexually mature. The growth curve from January to October fits a logistic equation and may be expressed as CW = 75.7 (1 + exp (0.914 - 0.011t))(-1) for females, and CW = 77.5 (1 + exp (0.889 - 0.011t))-1 for males, where CW is in mm, t in days. For precocious crabs (reaching maturity by the first autumn, CW does not change much from January to July, which indicates that precocious crabs stop growing. Like juveniles, the precocious crabs show no differences in CW and CL, but do show a statistically significant difference in BW between sexes.

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We proposed a novel methodology, which firstly, extracting features from species' complete genome data, using k-tuple, followed by studying the evolutionary relationship between SARS-CoV and other coronavirus species using the method, called "High-dimensional information geometry". We also used the mothod, namely "caculating of Minimum Spanning Tree", to construct the Phyligenetic tree of the coronavirus. From construction of the unrooted phylogenetic tree, we found out that the evolution distance between SARS-CoV and other coronavirus species is comparatively far. The tree accurately rebuilt the three groups of other coronavirus. We also validated the assertion from other literatures that SARS-CoV is similar to the coronavirus species in Group I.

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为了实现网络安全,一个重要的方法是网络用户传送加密和可鉴定的消息.此时,用来加密和鉴定的密钥应该由网络中的用户协商得到.提出了3个基于Weil对的成对密钥协商协议.在协议中,所有用户共享一个秘密信息,通过较少的步骤,同时实现密钥协商和用户认证.提出的协议满足如下的安全特性:部分密钥泄漏的安全性、完备的前向安全性、个人密钥泄漏的安全性、无不明的密钥共享和无法控制密钥等.

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利用安塞试验站1985-1992年的气象观测数据和野外坡度径流小区径流和土壤侵蚀量监测资料,评价了WEPP模型在黄土丘陵沟壑区不同坡度条件下的适用性。结果表明,径流量的模拟值在10°、15°、20°、25°和28°五个坡度条件下,变化幅度不如实测值明显,但模拟值随坡度变化的趋势和实测值相一致;WEPP模型对次降雨、年平均和多年平均土壤侵蚀量模拟结果较好,且无论是模拟值在不同坡度之间的差值、还是模拟值随坡度变化趋势均与实测值接近。I30对WEPP模型模拟次降雨径流量有重要影响,当I30大于0.92mm/min,模型模拟误差较大。WEPP模型对次降雨土壤侵蚀量的模拟与PI30密切相关,当PI30大于129mm2/min时,模型模拟误差较大。∑PI30对WEPP模型模拟年平均径流量和侵蚀量有重要影响,当∑PI30大于150mm2/min时,模拟精度明显下降,且∑PI30对径流模拟影响较对土壤侵蚀模拟影响明显。WEPP模型对次降雨、年平均和多年平均径流量模拟的Nash-Sutcliffe有效性ME分别为0.914、0.912和0.617;对次降雨、年平均和多年平均土壤侵蚀量模拟的Nash-Sutcliffe有效性ME...

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设计并制备了980 nm高量子效率和极低光损耗的激光二极管(LD)外延材料和器件。微通道封装1 cm激光二极管阵列在连续(CW)工作条件下最大电光效率达到60.0%,相应的斜率效率和输出光功率分别为1.1 W/A和38.2 W。测试得到外延材料的内损耗系数和内量子效率分别为0.58 cm~(-1)和91.6%。测试分析表明,器件电光效率的提高主要在于新型的InGaAs/GaAsP应变补偿量子阱和大光腔结构设计。

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采用分别限制非对称波导结构,将光场从对称分布变为非对称分布,降低了载流子光吸收损耗,并允许p型区具有更高的掺杂水平,从而使器件电阻降低。对GaAsP/GaInP张应变单量子阱(SQW)非对称波导结构激光器的光场特性进行了理论分析,设计了波导层厚度,并制作了波长为808 nm的无铝有源区大功率半导体激光器.器件综合特性测试结果为

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研制了用于光干涉测量的单稳频、窄线宽光栅外腔半导体激光器(LD).它由出光面镀有增透膜的单管半导体激光器、光束校正准直系统、闪耀光栅、注入电流驱动系统及温度控制系统组成.闪耀光栅作为外腔光反馈元件对单管半导体激光器输出的纵模进行选择,使之工作在单纵模状态.外腔的引入还使输出光的谱线宽度得以大大压窄.注入电流驱动系统为半导体激光器提供工作电流.温度控制系统由双层温控组成.第一层用于控制单管半导体激光器管芯温度;另一层用于及时带走第一层温控产生的热量,并消除环境温度影响,使外腔温度稳定.该温控系统可使所构成激光器的温度稳定在1‰℃量级.对研制的外腔半导体激光器的特性进行测试,其输出功率恒定、模式单一稳定、谱线宽度优于1.4 MHz.

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阐述应用程序开发的三层结构的基本组织形式及存在的问题,提出了基于四层结构的应用程序开发模型及其带来的好处.结合七里村采油厂综合信息系统开发实例,对基于.NET的四层结构的应用程序开发技术进行了研究,实现了基于.NET的四层结构的部署,阐述了基于四层结构的具体实现策略,并在此基础上给出了基于四层结构的应用程序设计与开发的关键技术.

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微生物介导的氮素矿化作用、硝化作用和反硝化作用等,在土壤氮素循环中起着重要作用。微生物群落作为基本功能单位决定着这些微生物过程的进程,因此,土壤微生物多样性研究是土壤氮素循环研究领域中一个至关重要的内容。作为重要的农业管理方式,施肥和灌溉对土壤微生物群落及其功能有着重要影响。本论文以山西运城“中澳粮食主产区水肥优化管理试验区”小麦-玉米轮作农田为试验地点,研究了传统和优化两种水肥管理方式下的土壤总矿化速率、总硝化速率、微生物量碳的变化,以及土壤细菌群落结构变化,并获得以下主要结果: (1)不同水肥管理方式下共计四个处理:传统施氮肥区(A-UN)、传统不施氮肥区(A-NN)、优化施氮肥区(B-UN)和优化不施肥区(B-NN)。传统水肥管理区的灌溉方式为漫灌,冬小麦生长期土壤施氮肥量为85.0kgN/ha,玉米生长期施氮肥量210kgN/ha。优化水肥管理区的灌溉方式为喷灌,冬小麦生长期土壤施氮肥量为120kgN/ha,玉米生长期施氮肥量为120kgN/ha。土壤样品采集时间分别为3月份冬小麦土壤施肥前和施肥后、5月份冬小麦孕穗期、6月份冬小麦收获期、7月份玉米抽雄期和9月份玉米收获期。 (2)在冬小麦生长期,无机氮肥的施入明显改变了优化水肥管理区土壤细菌群落结构,但未发现对传统水肥管理区土壤细菌群落结构的明显影响。在玉米生长期,无机氮肥的施入对两种水肥管理区土壤细菌群落结构影响均较小。在所有处理中,细菌群落结构有着明显的季节变化性,不同季节之间细菌群落结构变化较大。 (3)优化施氮肥处理中(B-UN)存在着丰富的氨氧化细菌,该土壤中的氨氧化细菌属于Nitrosospira,且都归于Nitrosospira cluster3。优化施氮肥处理中(B-UN)也存在着氨氧化古菌,但氨氧化古菌的类群比较单一,存在着一个绝对优势类群,测序结果表明此氨氧化古菌属于泉古菌门。在两个不同时期(3月和5月),氨氧化细菌的群落结构发生了较大变化,而氨氧化古菌的群落结构变化则很小。 (4)7月总矿化速率大于9月。氮肥的施入对矿化速率有激发效应,氮肥施入量越大,土壤氮素的总矿化速率越大。7月份土壤总矿化速率的大小顺序为传统施氮肥处理(A-UN)>优化施氮肥处理(B-UN)>优化不施肥处理(B-NN),速率介于2.59mgN/Kg干土.d-1与12.6 mgN/Kg干土. d-1之间。9月份土壤总矿化速率介于1.84 mgN/Kg干土.d-1 与2.28 mgN/Kg.d-1之间。土壤NH4+-N消耗速率与矿化速率极其显著正相关(R=0.914,p<0.001),与总硝化速率显著正相关(R=0.496,p<0.05),与NH4+-N浓度极其显著负相关(R=-0.803,p<0.001)。 (5)玉米田土壤总硝化速率一直处于非常低的水平,总硝化速率介于0.016 mgN/Kg干土.d-1-0.22 mgN/Kg干土.d-1之间。以7月优化施肥处理(B-UN)最高,为0.22 mgN/Kg干土.d-1。土壤NO3- N消耗速率与土壤NO3- N浓度极其显著正相关(R=0.845,p<0.001)。土壤硝化潜势远大于土壤总硝化速率,土壤硝化潜势介于52.47 mgN/Kg干土.d-1-80.87 mgN/Kg干土.d-1之间。 (6)土壤微生物量碳有着季节变化性,7月份土壤微生物量碳大于9月份土壤微生物量碳。施无机氮肥使传统水肥区土壤微生物量碳迅速降低,降低幅度为28.7%,但对优化水肥区微生物量碳没有影响。无机氮肥的施入使土壤微生物量碳趋向降低,降低幅度为26%左右,至9月份,施肥区土壤微生物量碳(A-UN和B-UN)小于不施肥区(A-UN和B-NN),且优化水肥管理微生物量碳大于传统水肥管理微生物量碳,这表明传统水肥管理不利于土壤微生物量碳的积累。