八角科植物系统学研究 — 比较木材解剖学及花被片表皮比较形态学

本文回顾了八角科（Illiciaceae）的分类历史，对其现状进行了介绍，并提出了存在的一些问题，针对这些问题，我们对八角科及其近缘类群 [五味子科（Schisandraceae）和木兰科（Magnoliaceae）] 的木材解剖特征，以及对组成八角目(Illiciales)的八角科和五味子科的花被片表皮形态进行了研究，进一步确定了八角科在离生心皮类中的原始地位，且为其属的次级划分提供了更多的性状支持，更详尽地阐述了它与近缘类群间的系统学关系，确定了八角目的独立地位。 １　比较木材解剖学 在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下，对八角科八角属（Illicium）2组19种1亚种43个材料、五味子科2属4种7个材料和木兰科1属3种4个材料的木材解剖结构进行了比较研究。 因八角科导管单独、多角形、密集、细长且具螺纹加厚，穿孔板梯状且细密，射线异形等特征，本文支持建立单属的八角科。在八角属内，由于八角组（Sect. Illicium）的导管分子密度较高和直径较窄，易损度为0.090，射线较高，而八角茴香组（Sect. Cymbostemon）的导管分子密度较低和直径较宽，易损度为0.194，射线较矮，因而本文支持将八角属分为八角组和八角茴香组，且八角组比八角茴香组原始。根据欧式距离，八角科与五味子科之间的相似性（d=4.690）比八角科与木兰科（d=4.899）之间的相似性大，本文支持建立八角目（Illiciales）。 2　花被片表皮比较形态学 在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下，观察了八角科八角属2组11种20个样品、五味子科南五味子属（Kadsura）2亚属2组8种15个样品和五味子属（Schisandra）2亚属4组6种17个样品的花被片表皮形态特征。 首次报道了八角目2个科（八角科和五味子科）3个属（八角属、南五味子属和五味子属）植物花被片表皮细胞的形状、分泌细胞的形状及分布、气孔器的形状及分布、花被片表面的纹饰，在五味子科中发现2个新的性状（气孔对和环列型气孔）。 通过与八角目2个科3个属植物的叶表皮形态比较，发现花被片表皮气孔器外拱盖均为单层，与叶表皮气孔器外拱盖层数（常绿种类为双层和落叶种类为单层）之间没有相关性。通过对两性花、雌花和雄花花被片表皮观察，发现花被片表皮形态与花的性别之间没有相关性。通过对八角属、南五味子属和五味子属花被片表皮比较，发现五味子属花被片表皮形态比南五味子属花被片表皮形态表现出更多的衍生性状，南五味子属花被片表皮形态比八角属花被片表皮形态表现出更多的衍生性状;南五味子属花被片表皮形态与五味子属花被片表皮形态之间的相似性程度较大，与八角属花被片表皮形态之间的相似性程度较小，支持建立含南五味子属和五味子属的五味子科，支持建立只含八角属的八角科。

The physiological effects of multiple forced submergences in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)

Sea turtles are subjected to involuntary submergence and potential mortality due to incidental capture by the commercial shrimp fishing industry. Despite implementation of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) to reduce at-sea mortality, dead stranded turtles continue to be found in near-record numbers along the coasts of the western Atlantic Ocean and northern Gulf of Mexico. Although this mortality may be due to an increase in the number of turtles available to strand, one alternative explanation is that sea turtles are repetitively submerged (as one fishing vessel follows the path of another) in legal TEDs. In the present study, laboratory and field investigations were undertaken to examine the physiological effects of multiple submergence of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Turtles in the laboratory study were confined during the submersion episodes, whereas under field conditions, turtles were released directly into TED-equipped commercial fishing nets. Under laboratory and field conditions, pre- and postsubmergence blood samples were collected from turtles submerged three times at 7.5 min per episode with an in-water rest interval of 10, 42, or 180 min between submergences. Analyses of pre- and postsubmergence blood samples revealed that the initial submergence produced a severe and pronounced metabolic and respiratory acidosis in all turtles. Successive submergences produced significant changes in blood pH, Pco2, and lactate, although the magnitude of the acid-base imbalance was substantially reduced as the number of submergences increased. In addition, increasing the interval between successive submergences permitted greater recovery of blood homeostasis. No turtles died during these studies. Taken together, these data suggest that repetitive sub-mergence of sea turtles in TEDs would not significantly affect their survival potential provided that the animal has an adequate rest interval at the surface between successive submergences.

高亲和力PO4(3-)转运子编码基因的cDNA克隆及特性分析

以简并引物，利用RT -PCR，克隆了普通小麦和黑麦根系的PO 43-转运子( Trans-porter)基因长约1.2kb的部分cDNA序列。对其与GenBank中的已知序列进行同源性比较，结果表明：(1)小麦与拟南芥、番茄等高等植物的氨基酸水平的同源性为60%～78%; (2)与酵母较低为40%左右，而与丝状真菌和细菌的同源性则<27%; (3)小麦与黑麦的同源性为75%。对其表达特性的研究表明：(1)该基因在根系和茎叶组织中均有表达，但在根系组织中转录产物的累积量显著高于茎叶;(2)磷饥饿条件下，茎叶和根系组织中该基因的表达均增强，但根系组织中增强幅度较大，由此认为该基因产物的功能不只是根系从生长环境中吸收PO 43-，而与PO 43-在植物体内的转运密切相关;(3)磷饥饿5天 后的植株重新供给充足的PO 43-，则该基因的表达在24小时内即显著减弱;(4)分根试验中同株的部分根系生长于磷饥饿(OuM)环境中，而另一部分根系生长于PO 43-充足(250uM)的环境中，这两部分根系中该基因转录产物的积累水平并无显著差异。因此认为植物感受磷饥饿胁迫的信号可能来自植物体内部POi-库的耗竭。此外，用磷讥饿条件下的普通小麦根系mRNA构建了cDNA文库，以克隆的部分序列为探针，从cDNA文库中分离了全长序列。

离子源脉冲束流调制器

本实用新型涉及一种离子源脉冲束流调制器，在平行离子束方向的离子束上加有电极板，电极板与调制器相连；所述的调制器包括脉冲发生器、上升沿成形器、上升沿驱动器、下降沿延迟成形器、下降沿驱动器，由上升沿驱动器和下降沿驱动器分别产生的高压充电信号和放电信号加在电极板上；本实用新型是利用上升沿和下降沿驱动器来输出一个完整的方波脉冲信号，且很好地控制上升沿和下降沿的上升和下降时间，从而可在毫微秒级内使容性负载进行高压充、放电，从而产生脉冲化的离子源束流，且其周期、脉宽可调。

非晶状体βγ-晶状体蛋白的研究进展

βγ-晶状体蛋白是主要分布于脊椎动物眼睛晶状体内的水溶性结构蛋白.非晶状体βγ-晶状体蛋白从微生物到高等哺乳动物都的过报道.微生物中发现的非晶状体βγ-晶状体蛋白主要作为环境胁迫应急蛋白,在恶劣环境中发挥对细菌的自我保护作用,如Protein S.在哺乳动物中,非晶状体βγ-晶状体蛋白被推测能够参与胚胎的皮肤发育与分化调节,具有肿瘤抑制等重要的生理功能,如黑色素瘤缺失蛋白.但是,对于它们的生化特性、生理功能和作用机制知之甚少.本文从蛋白结构、基因起源和生物学功能等方面简要介绍目前非晶状体βγ-晶状体蛋白的相关研究进展.

Demonstration of some selected aquaculture technologies under farming system research in Jessore and Santahar, Bangladesh

BFRI evolved some selected aquaculture technologies viz. polyculture of carps in perennial ponds, monoculture of short cycled fish species (BFRI super strain) in seasonal ponds and prawn seed production through backyard hatchery system have been demonstrated under Farming System Research (FSR) component in Jessore and Santahar regions. Both polyculture of carps and monoculture of short cycled fish species technologies were tested in farmer's ponds in Kaium Kula village near Jessore town. In polyculture trials, seven species comprising of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molirrix), catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) and silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) were stocked @ 9,500 (ratio 6:2:4:2:1:5:5); 10,750 (ratio 6:2:4:2:1:5:5) and 12,000 (ratio 6:2:4:2:1:5:4) fish/ha respectively in ponds of T1, T2 and T3 having three replications of each. The mean highest fish production was 3,148 kg/ha in T3, followed by 2,899 kg/ha in T1 and 2,875 kg/ha in T2. Production of T3 was significantly different (P<0.05) than both T1 and T2, while there was no significant differences (P>0.05) between the production of T1 and T2. In case of trial of short cycled fish species, two treatments were tested: T1 (comprising of BFRI super strain of Nile tilapia, silver carp, common carp and silver barb; ratio 3:5:1:1) and T2 (having only BFRI super strain of Nile tilapia). Stocking density in both the treatments were same (20,000 fish/ha). In this trial average production was higher in T1 (2,743 kg/ha) than that of T2 (2,369 kg/ha) but the production figure in these two treatments was not significantly different (P>0.05). Demonstration of backyard prawn hatchery technology was tested at Santahar region of Bogra district, North-west part of Bangladesh. This hatchery consisted of three main components i) bio-filter, ii) rearing tank unit (chari) and iii) air blower/air pump unit. Plastic drum of 200-250 l capacity and cemented chari of 200-250 l capacity were used as bio-filter and larval rearing containers respectively. A 0.5 hp air blower with 6 aquarium air pump were used to operate the aeration system in the hatchery. Diluted sea water (10-12 ppt) made from brine solution (200-250 ppt) collected from salt-bed was used in the backyard hatchery system of hatching of eggs and rearing of larvae. Rearing of first stage zoea-larvae was reared in three rearing tanks following the stocking densities of 40, 50 and 60/l of water respectively. Production of post-larvae were 20±0.82, 22±1.12 and 28±1.63/liter of water in treatments I, II and III respectively in 38, 40 and 39 days rearing period.

大肠杆菌mRNA 编码区长度、形成二级结构倾向与密码子偏好性的关系

从GenBank获得大肠杆菌K-12MG1655株的全基因组序列,计算了与基因密码子偏好性相关的多个参数(Nc、CAI、GC、GC3s),对其mRNA编码区长度、形成二级结构倾向与密码子偏好性之间的关系进行了统计学分析,发现虽然翻译效率(包括翻译速度和翻译精度)是制约大肠杆菌高表达基因的密码子偏好性的主要因素,同时,mRNA编码区长度及其形成二级结构的倾向也是形成这种偏好性的不可忽略的原因,而且对偏好性有一定程度的削弱。另外对mRNA编码区形成二级结构倾向的生物学意义进行了讨论分析。

Carbonating magnesia for soil stabilization

This paper investigates the potential for carbonating reactive magnesia (MgO) to serve as a more sustainable soil stabilization method by providing rapid and significant strength development of the stabilized soil through absorbing substantial quantities of CO2. Gaseous CO2 was forced through laboratory-prepared reactive MgO-treated soil samples in a triaxial cell set-up, and their resulting mechanical and microstructural properties were investigated using unconfined compressive strength, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that adequately carbonated MgO-treated soils could, in a few hours, reach a similar strength range to corresponding 28 day Portland cement (PC)-stabilized soils. Hydrated magnesium carbonates, namely nesquehonite and hydromagnesite-dypingite, were the main products of the carbonated MgO in the soil, and were responsible for the significant strength development.