Synergistic effect of glucose and prolactin on GLUT2 expression in cultured neonatal rat islets

We studied the synergistic effect of glucose and prolactin (PRL) on insulin secretion and GLUT2 expression in cultured neonatal rat islets. After 7 days in culture, basal insulin secretion (2.8 mM glucose) was similar in control and PRL-treated islets (1.84 ± 0.06% and 2.08 ± 0.07% of the islet insulin content, respectively). At 5.6 and 22 mM glucose, insulin secretion was significantly higher in PRL-treated than in control islets, achieving 1.38 ± 0.15% and 3.09 ± 0.21 % of the islet insulin content in control and 2.43 ± 0.16% and 4.31 ± 0.24% of the islet insulin content in PRL-treated islets, respectively. The expression of the glucose transporter GLUT2 in B-cell membranes was dose-dependently increased by exposure of the islet to increasing glucose concentrations. This effect was potentiated in islets cultured for 7 days in the presence of 2 μg/ml PRL. At 5.6 and 10 mM glucose, the increase in GLUT2 expression in PRL-treated islets was 75% and 150% higher than that registered in the respective control. The data presented here indicate that insulin secretion, induced by different concentrations of glucose, correlates well with the expression of the B-cell-specific glucose transporter GLUT2 in pancreatic islets.

Propriedades analíticas e eletroanalíticas de um silsesquioxano nanoestruturado organofuncionalizado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estrutura da comunidade de trepadeiras de dois fragmentos de florestas estacional semidecidual em diferentes estágios de conservação

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Methemoglobinemia and dapsone levels in patients with leprosy

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to determine the methemoglobinemia and correlate with dapsone levels in multibacillary leprosy patients under leprosy multi-drug therapy. Thirty patients with laboratory and clinical diagnosis of multibacillary leprosy were enrolled. Dapsone was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and methemoglobinemia by spectrophotometry. The mean dapsone concentrations in male was 1.42 g/mL and in female was 2.42 g/mL. The mean methemoglobin levels in male was 3.09 µg/mL; 191%, and in female was 2.84 ± 1.67%. No correlations were seen between dapsone levels and methemoglobin in male and female patients. Our results demonstrated that the dosage of dapsone in leprosy treatment does not promote a significant methemoglobinemia.

Dinâmica populacional de Lepidophthalmus siriboia Felder & Rodrigues, 1993 (Decapoda: Callianassidae) da Ilha de Maiandeua-PA

Os Thalassinidea são invertebrados marinhos de grande importância na ecologia de ambientes de fundos moles, especialmente dado sua influência nos fluxos de oxigênio, energia e nutrientes e, atividades bioturbadoras. Estes organismos vivem em galerias das quais dependem para diversas necessidades, como proteção, reprodução e alimentação. Em alguns lugares do mundo este grupo tem sido explorado para utilização como isca. A espécie Lepidophthalmus siriboia Felder & Rodrigues, 1993 (Crustacea: Callianassidae) ocorre desde a Flórida até o Brasil. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a dinâmica e a estrutura populacional de L. siriboia na ilha de Maiandeua (PA), associando os processos observados com características ambientais ligadas ao sedimento e à água. As coletas ocorreram mensalmente entre junho de 2007 e maio de 2008, sendo os organismos capturados utilizando bomba de sucção. Em laboratório, os animais foram sexados, medidos e pesados. Nas fêmeas ovígeras foi contado o número de ovos aderidos aos pleópodos. O crescimento foi estimado através da equação de crescimento de Von Bertalanffy que estabelece a relação entre o comprimento total (CT) e a idade (t). Foi capturado um total de 1268 indivíduos (753 machos e 515 fêmeas), cujos comprimentos variaram de 0,3 a 1,85 cm e o peso de 0,01 a 3,09 g. Os comprimentos médios mensais das fêmeas foram significantemente maiores do que dos machos (p<0.05) em quase todos os meses do ano. O comprimento da carapaça e o comprimento do propódio para os machos tiveram alta e significante correlação, com crescimento alométrico positivo para ambos os sexos. O tamanho de primeira maturação obtido foi de 0,7 cm para as fêmeas e 0,6 cm para os machos. Os machos foram proporcionalmente mais abundantes, totalizando 59,4% de todos os organismos capturados (proporção sexual de 1,46 machos: 1 fêmea). Houve predomínio significativo de machos nas classes de comprimento entre 0,2 e 1,2 cm e de fêmeas nas classes de comprimento maior/igual a 1,2 cm. Foram registradas 139 fêmeas ovígeras, na qual a maioria (48,2% do total) ocorreu no intervalo de classe 1,1 a 1,2 cm de comprimento da carapaça. A fecundidade absoluta variou de 0 a 1546 ovos/fêmea, com valor médio de 826,25 ovos/fêmea. Observou-se correlação significativa entre o número de ovos, peso e comprimento da carapaça. As fêmeas tiveram crescimento maior que dos machos, sendo observados valores para machos de L_: 1,63 , K: 1, C: 0,2, WP: 0,18 e para fêmeas; L_: 1,68, K: 0,8, C: 0,2 e WP: 0,09. As estimativas de mortalidade dos machos foram maiores que para as fêmeas em todos os métodos utilizados: curva de captura (Z=1,67 e Z=0,11 para machos e fêmeas), Beverton e Holt (Z=1,9 e Z= 1,76 para machos e fêmeas) e Powell–Wetherall (Z/K=3,98 e Z/K= 2,25 para machos e fêmeas). Foram registrados três pulsos principais, sendo um pulso registrado em novembro, um em fevereiro e outro em maio. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir: 1. comprimento médio dos machos é inferior ao das fêmeas ao longo do ano; 2. fêmeas são dominantes nas classes de comprimento superiores (_1,2 cm); 3. a reprodução é contínua com a ocorrência de fêmeas ovígeras ao longo do ano; 4. parâmetros de crescimento estimados foram maiores para as fêmeas do que para machos; 5. Fêmeas tiveram redução da taxa de crescimento em janeiro (WP: 0,09) e machos em fevereiro (WP: 0,18); 6. a mortalidade é maior para os machos; 7. Recrutamento ocorre ao longo do ano com três picos pronunciados em novembro, fevereiro e maio.

Análise histológica da utilização da matriz dérmica acelular e da matriz de pericárdio bovino, associados ao retalho reposicionado coronariamente, no tratamento de deiscências ósseas criadas cirurgicamente em cães

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Características da carne de cordeiros alimentados com glicerina proveniente da produção de biodiesel

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Influência da concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio nos agentes clareadores na cor e penetração através da estrutura dental

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

Análise estrutural em relictos de cerrado no parque estadual do Guartelá, município de Tibagi, estado do Paraná, Brasil

This study was accomplished in existing Cerrado's relicts at State Park Guartelá, Tibagi, PR (24°39'10S and 50°15'25W), which represent one of the last extreme-meridional remanescents of this type of formation. Fifty plots with dimensions of 5x5m were allocated for phyto-sociological analysis, including in the sample individuals with height ≥ 1 m, divided into two samples to evaluate the following strata: a) upper-plants with DAS ≥ 3 cm, and b) intermediate - plants with DAS <3cm. Moreover, in each plot, there were established sub-plots with dimensions of 1x1m for sampling the lower stratum, comprised by individuals with height <1m and >10cm. The complete survey found 1340 individuals distributed in 28 families, 66 genera and 115 species. The diversity index was higher for the mean component (H'=3.30), followed by the superior component (H'=3.09) and the inferior (H'=2.91). The frequent occurrence of bushes is a remarkable characteristic of the physiognomy of the areas inside the park and 82 % of the populations studied are distributed in aggregated standard. Because it is a marginal region of occurrence of cerrado vegetation, now under the influence of a subtropical climate, more humid and cold, compared to the core area of this biome, it is noted that these areas are characterized by a decrease in stature, richness and diversity of its flora. Nevertheless, they preserve typical species of the Brazilian Savannah; but, due to their distribution in relicts and been, in part, devastated, some are included in the red list of endangered plants in Parana state, which evidences the importance of conservation and management of these areas.

Prevalence of leptospirosis in dairy goats in the semiarid region of Paraiba state

Higino S.S.S., Alves C.J., Santos C.S.A.B., Vasconcellos S.A., Silva M.L.C.R., Brasil A.W.L., Pimenta C.L.R.M. & Azevedo S.S. 2012. [Prevalence of leptospirosis in dairy goats in the semiarid region of Paraiba state.] Prevalencia de leptospirose em caprinos leiteiros do semiarido paraibano. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 32(3):199-203. Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saude e Tecnologia Rural, Unidade Academica de Medicina Veterinaria, Av. Universitaria s/n, Patos, PB 58700-970, Brazil. E-mail: sergio.azevedo@pq.cnpq.br This study aimed to determine the prevalence of positive dairy goat herds and seropositive animals for leptospirosis in the semiarid region of Paraiba state, Brazil. Sampling was designed to determine the prevalence of positive herds (foci) and seropositive animals for leptospirosis. A total of 975 serum samples were collected from goats of 110 dairy herds in the Monteiro municipality, Western Cariri microregion of Paraiba. For the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was carried out using 24 Leptospira spp. serovars as antigens. A herd was considered positive when existed at least one seropositive animal. The prevalence of positive herds and seropositive animals were 43.6% (95% CI = 34.2-53.4%) and 8.7% (95% CI = 58.7-12.9%) respectively. The most frequent serovars in goats were Autumnalis (1.74%; 95% CI = 0.97-3.09%), Sentot (1.71%; 95% CI = 0.82-3.52%) and Whitcomb (1.39%; 95% CI = 0.65-2.93%), and by herd, serovars Autumnalis (10.9%; 95% CI = 5.8-18.3%), Whitcomb (8.2%; 95% CI = 3.8-15.0%) and Sentot and Patoc (7.3%; 95% CI = 3.2-13.8%) were the most frequent. It is suggested that leptospirosis is spread in goats in the region, and that there is need to implement control and preventive measures in order to reduce infection and economic losses, and to avoid possible transmission of infection to humans.

NGC 2782: a merger remnant with young stars in its gaseous tidal tail

We have searched for young star-forming regions around the merger remnant NGC 2782. By using Galaxy Evolution Explorer far-ultraviolet and near-ultraviolet imaging and H i data we found seven ultraviolet sources, located at distances greater than 26 kpc from the centre of NGC 2782, and coinciding with its western H i tidal tail. These regions were resolved in several smaller systems when Gemini/Gemini multi-object spectrograph (GMOS) r-band images were used. We compared the observed colours to stellar population synthesis models and found that these objects have ages of similar to 1 to 11 Myr and masses ranging from 103.9 to 104.6 M circle dot. By using Gemini/GMOS spectroscopic data we confirm memberships and derive high metallicities for three of the young regions in the tail (12+log(O/H) = 8.74 +/- 0.20, 8.81 +/- 0.20 and 8.78 +/- 0.20). These metallicities are similar to the value presented by the nuclear region of NGC 2782 and also similar to the value presented for an object located close to the main body of NGC 2782. The high metallicities measured for the star-forming regions in the gaseous tidal tail of NGC 2782 could be explained if they were formed out of highly enriched gas which was once expelled from the centre of the merging galaxies when the system collided. An additional possibility is that the tail has been a nursery of a few generations of young stellar systems which ultimately polluted this medium with metals, further enriching the already pre-enriched gas ejected to the tail when the galaxies collided.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator for Secondary Prevention in Chagas' Heart Disease

Assessing the efficacy of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) in patients with Chagas' heart disease (ChHD) and identifying the clinical predictors of mortality and ICD shock during long-term follow-up. ChHD is associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Although ChHD is a common form of cardiomyopathy in Latin American ICD users, little is known about its efficacy in the treatment of this population. The study cohort included 116 consecutive patients with ChHD and an ICD implanted for secondary prevention. Of the 116 patients, 83 (72%) were men; the mean age was 54 +/- 10.7 years. Several clinical variables were tested in a multivariate Cox model for predicting long-term mortality. The average follow-up was 45 +/- 32 months. New York Heart Association class I-II developed in 83% of patients. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 42 +/- 16% at implantation. Of the 116 patients, 58 (50%) had appropriate shocks and 13 (11%) had inappropriate therapy. A total of 31 patients died (7.1% annual mortality rate). New York Heart Association class III (hazard ratio [HR] 3.09, 95% confidence interval 1.37 to 6.96, p = 0.0064) was a predictor of a worse prognosis. The left ventricular ejection fraction (HR 0.972, 95% confidence interval 0.94 to 0.99, p = 0.0442) and low cumulative right ventricular pacing (HR 0.23, 95% confidence interval 0.11 to 0.49, p = 0.0001) were predictors of better survival. The left ventricular diastolic diameter was an independent predictor of appropriate shock (I-ER 1.032, 95% confidence interval 1.004 to 1.060, p = 0.025). In conclusion, in a long-term follow-up, ICD efficacy for secondary sudden cardiac death prevention in patients with ChHD was marked by a favorable annual rate of all-cause mortality (7.1%); 50% of the cohort received appropriate shock therapy. New York Heart Association class III and left ventricular ejection fraction were independent predictors of worse prognosis, and low cumulative right ventricular pacing defined better survival. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (Am J Cardiol 2012;110:1040-1045)

Intrauterine Undernourishment Alters TH1/TH2 Cytokine Balance and Attenuates Lung Allergic Inflammation in Wistar Rats

IL-4 produced by Th2 cells can block cytokine production by Th1 cells, and Th1 IFN-gamma is known to counterregulate Th2 immune response, inhibiting allergic eosinophilia. As intrauterine undernutrition can attenuate lung inflammation, we investigated the influence of intrauterine undernourishment on the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and allergic lung inflammation. Intrauterine undernourished offspring were obtained from dams fed 50% of the nourished diet of their counterparts and were immunized at 9 weeks of age. We evaluated the cell counts and cytokine protein expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage, mucus production and collagen deposition, and cytokine gene expression and transcription factors in lung tissue 21 days after ovalbumin immunization. Intrauterine undernourishment significantly reduced inflammatory cell airway infiltration, mucus secretion and collagen deposition, in rats immunized and challenged. Intrauterine undernourished rats also exhibited an altered cytokine expression profile, including higher TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta expression and lower IL-6 expression than well-nourished rats following immunization and challenge. Furthermore, the intrauterine undernourished group showed reduced ratios of the IL-4/IFN-gamma and the transcription factors GATA-3/T-Bet after immunization and challenge. We suggest that the attenuated allergic lung inflammation observed in intrauterine undernourished rats is related to an altered Th1/Th2 cytokine balance resulting from a reduced GATA-3/T-bet ratio. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel

Leucine supplementation combined with resistance exercise improves the plasma lipid profile of dexamethasone-treated rats

The impact of leucine supplementation and resistance exercise (RE) on plasma lipid profile was evaluated in adult rats treated with dexamethasone, an experimental model of dyslipidemia. Total cholesterol did not differ among groups. Furthermore, leucine supplementation did not promote improvement in the plasma total cholesterol and LDL-c of the animals. However, plasma TG and VLDL-c were significantly decreased and HDL-c increased after 7 days of leucine supplementation combined with RE. In conclusion, leucine supplementation combined with RE, but not isolated, improved the plasma lipid profile of dexamethasone-induced dyslipidemic rats.

Maternal immune activation in late gestation enhances locomotor response to acute but not chronic amphetamine treatment in male mice offspring: Role of the D1 receptor

Exposure to elevated levels of maternal cytokines can lead to functional abnormalities of the dopaminergic system in the adult offspring, including enhanced amphetamine (AMPH)-induced locomotion. Therefore, it seems reasonable to consider that offspring of challenged mothers would behave differently in models of addictive behavior, such as behavioral sensitization. Thus, we sought to evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the locomotor response to acute and chronic AMPH treatment in male mice offspring. For this purpose, LPS (Escherichia coli 0127:B8; 120 mu g/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to pregnant Swiss mice on gestational day 17. At adulthood, male offspring were studied under one of the following conditions: (1) locomotor response to acute AMPH treatment (2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg) in an open field test; (2) behavioral sensitization paradigm, which consists of a daily injection of AMPH (1.0 mg/kg) for 10 days and observation of locomotion in the open field on days 1, 5, 10 (development phase), 15 and 17 (expression phase). The LPS stimulated offspring showed enhancement of the locomotor-stimulant effect after an acute AMPH challenge in comparison to baseline and saline pre-treated mice. They also showed development of behavioral sensitization earlier than the saline pre-treated group, although no changes between saline and LPS pre-treated groups were observed on development or expression of locomotor behavioral sensitization to AMPH. Furthermore, there was up-regulation of D1 receptor protein level within striatum in the LPS-stimulated offspring which was strongly correlated with increased grooming behavior. Taken together, our results indicate that motor and dopaminergic alterations caused by maternal immune activation are restricted to the acute AMPH challenge, mostly due to up-regulation of the D1 receptor within the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways, but no locomotor differences were observed for behavioral sensitization to AMPH. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.