Distribution of ommastrephid paralarvae in the eastern tropical Pacific

Jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) and purpleback squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) (Teuthida: Ommastrephidae) are thought to spawn in the eastern tropical Pacific. We used 10 years of plankton tow and oceanographic data collected in this region to examine the reproductive habits of these 2 ecologically important squid. Paralarvae of jumbo squid and purpleback squid were found in 781 of 1438 plankton samples from surface and oblique tows conducted by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA) in the eastern tropical Pacific over the 8-year period of 1998–2006. Paralarvae were far more abundant in surface tows (maximum: 1588 individuals) than in oblique tows (maximum: 64 individuals). A generalized linear model analysis revealed sea-surface temperature as the strongest environmental predictor of paralarval presence in both surface and oblique tows; the likelihood of paralarval presence increases with increasing temperature. We used molecular techniques to identify paralarvae from 37 oblique tows to species level and found that the purpleback squid was more abundant than the jumbo squid (81 versus 16 individuals).

金丝桃素的一种提取方法

本发明公开了一种金丝桃素的提取方法。该方法包括以下步骤：１．将贯叶连翘干燥、粉碎；２．贯叶连翘粉末与有机溶媒按体积比为１－２∶３混合，在４０－７０℃下提取２－４小时，收集提取液，过滤，收集过滤液；３．对过滤液减压浓缩，回收浓缩液；４．将浓缩液用树脂进行吸附，洗脱，收集洗脱液；５．对洗脱液减压浓缩，得到金丝桃素浸膏。该提取方法具有以下优点：１．操作简单，易于进行工业化应用；２．提取成本低廉；３．所用提取溶剂的毒性较小，提取周期短；４．提取物中金丝桃素含量高。基于上述优点，本发明将在金丝桃素的生物提取中发挥巨大作用。

Understanding and navigating industrial emergence

Industrial emergence is a broad and complex domain, with relevant perspectives ranging in scale from the individual entrepreneur and firm with the business decisions and actions they make to the policies of nations and global patterns of industrialisation. The research described in this article has adopted a holistic approach, based on structured mapping methods, in an attempt to depict and understand the dynamics and patterns of industrial emergence across a broad spectrum from early scientific discovery to large-scale industrialisation. The breadth of scope and application has enabled a framework and set of four tools to be developed that have wide applicability. The utility of the approaches has been demonstrated through case studies and trials in a diverse range of industrial contexts. The adoption of such a broad scope also presents substantial challenges and limitations, with these providing an opportunity for further research. © IMechE 2013.

Negative effects of Microcystis blooms on the crustacean plankton in an enclosure experiment in the subtropical China

Effects of Microcystis blooms on the crustacean plankton were studied using enclosure experiments during July-September, 2000. Eight enclosures were set in the hypereutrophic Donghu Lake. Different nutrient concentrations through additional nutrient and sediment in enclosures were expected to result in different abundance of Micropystis. From July to early August, the phytoplankton community was dominated by Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta other than Microcystis aeruginosa. M. aeruginosa showed a rapid increase during early August in all enclosures and predominated. Crustacean plankton was dominated by the herbivorous Moina micrura, Diaphanosoma brachyurum and Ceriodaphnia cornuta, and the predaceous Mesocyclops sp. and Thermocyclops taihokuensis. During the pre-bloom period, the dynamics of M. micrura population appeared to be mainly affected by the predaceous cyclopoids. With the development of Microcystis blooms, such interaction between M. micrura and cyclopoids seemed weakened, especially when the Microcystis biomass was high. But there was no apparent influence on the interaction between Leptodora kindti and its zooplanktonic prey. The density of two cyclopoids decreased with the enhancement of Microcystis. The density decline of M. micrura was caused by both predation and inhibition by Micropystis. The low food availability of other edible phytoplankton during the blooms led to low densities of both C. cornuta and D. brachyurum by late August. It appears that dense Microcystis blooms exert strong negative effects on the herbivorous cladocerans and the predaceous cyclopoids.

The influence of 1 nm AlN interlayer on properties of the Al0.3Ga0.7N/AlN/GaN HEMT structure

The sheet carrier concentrations, conduction band profiles and amount of free carriers in the barriers have been determined by solving coupled Schrodinger and Poisson equation self-consistently for coherently grown Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN and Al0.3Ga0.7N/AlN/GaN structures on thick GaN. The Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN heterojunction structures with and without 1 nm AlN interlayer have been grown by MOCVD on sapphire substrate, the physical properties for these two structures have been investigated by various instruments such as Hall measurement and X-ray diffraction. By comparison of the theoretical and experimental results, we demonstrate that the sheet carrier concentration and the electrons mobility would be improved by the introduction of an AlN interlayer for Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN structure. Mechanisms for the increasing of the sheet carrier concentration and the electrons mobility will be discussed in this paper. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

基于共享存储和Gzip的并行压缩算法研究

Gzip无损压缩算法.尽管gzip算法能够取得很好的压缩比,但它在分析和压缩编码的过程需要进行大量的计算.为了缩短压缩时间,提出了一种基于共享存储的并行压缩策略,采用OpenMP标准和"生产者/消费者"模型实现了gzip的并行压缩版本.在Beowulf集群中的一个SMP节点(双CPU)和曙光天阔服务器(4路双核)上的测试表明,并行化的gzip程序取得了极大的性能提升,尤其是大文件的压缩.

UIDT:一种基于摄像头的用户界面模型

为了弥补WIMP界面模型对视觉交互描述的不足,提出一种基于视觉交互的用户界面模型.首先在分析和总结视觉交互过程的基础上,以活动理论为基础,提出一种以用户为中心、面向任务和基于事件驱动的用户界面模型;然后描述了该模型的组成结构及其相互关系;最后给出了一个基于此模型的视频手势交互系统实例.实验结果表明,该模型能够有效地支持视觉交互设计,使用户界面满足可用性要求.