Microstructure and Texture Evolution in Interstitial-free (IF) Steel processed by Multi-Axial Forging

In this study, severe plastic deformation (SPD) of Ti-bearing interstitial-free steel was carried out by multi-axial forging (MAF) technique. The grain refinement achieved was comparable to that by other SPD techniques. A considerable heterogeneity was observed in the microstructure and texture. Texture of multi-axially forged steels has been evaluated and reported for the first time. The material exhibited a six-fold increase in the yield strength after four cycles of MAF.

Deformation behaviour of Titanium in torsion

The evolution of microstructure and texture in Hexagonal Close Pack commercially pure titanium has been studied in torsion in a strain rate regime of 0.001 to 1 s(-1). Free end torsion tests carried out on titanium rods indicated higher stress levels at higher strain rate but negligible change in the strain-hardening behaviour. There was a decrease in the intra-granular misorientation while a negligible change in the amount of contraction and extension twins was observed with increase in strain rate. The deformed samples showed a C-1 fibre (c-axis is first rotated 90 degrees in shear direction and then +30 degrees in shear plane direction) at all the strain rates. With the increase in strain rate, there was an increase in the intensity of the C-1 fibre and it became more heterogeneous with a strong {11(2)over-bar6}< 2(8)over-bar)63 > component. In the absence of extensive twinning, pyramidal < c+a > slip system is attributed for the observed deformation texture. The present investigation, therefore, substantiates the theoretical prediction of increase in strength of texture with strain rate in torsion.

Effect of indium addition on microstructural, mechanical and oxidation properties of suction cast Nb-Si eutectic alloy

The paper reports effect of small ternary addition of In on the microstructure, mechanical property and oxidation behaviour of a near eutectic suction cast Nb-19.1 at-%Si-1.5 at-%In alloy. The observed microstructure consists of a combination of two kinds of lamellar structure. They are metal-intermetallic combinations of Nb-ss-beta-Nb5Si3 and Nb-ss-alpha-Nb5Si3 respectively having 40-60 nm lamellar spacings. The alloy gives compressive strength of 3 GPa and engineering strain of similar to 3% at room temperature. The composite structure also exhibits a large improvement in oxidation resistance at high temperature (1000 degrees C).

Particle size, morphology and color tunable ZnO:Eu3+ nanophosphors via plant latex mediated green combustion synthesis

Efficient ZnO:Eu3+ (1-11 mol%) nanophosphors were prepared for the first time by green synthesis route using Euphorbia tirucalli plant latex. The final products were well characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), etc. The average particle size of ZnO:Eu3+ (7 mol%) was found to be in the range 27-47 nm. With increase of plant latex, the particle size was reduced and porous structure was converted to spherical shaped particles. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicated that the peaks situated at similar to 590, 615, 648 and 702 nm were attributed to the D-5(0) -> F-7(j(j=1,2,3,4)) transitions of Eu3+ ions. The highest PL intensity was recorded for 7 mol% with Eu3+ ions and 26 ml plant latex concentration. The PL intensity increases with increase of plant latex concentration up to 30 ml and there after it decreases. The phosphor prepared by this method show spherical shaped particles, excellent chromaticity co-ordinates in the white light region which was highly useful for WLED's. Further, present method was reliable, environmentally friendly and alternative to economical routes. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of epitaxial strain on phase separation in thin films

In epitaxially grown alloy thin films, spinodal decomposition may be promoted or suppressed depending on the sign of the epitaxial strain. We study this asymmetry by extending Cahn's linear theory of spinodal decomposition to systems with a composition dependent lattice parameter and modulus (represented by Vegard's law coefficients, GRAPHICS] and y, respectively), and an imposed (epitaxial) strain (e). We show analytically (and confirm using simulations) that the asymmetric effect of epitaxial strains arises only in elastically inhomogeneous systems. Specifically, we find good agreement between analytical and simulation results for the wave number GRAPHICS] of the fastest growing composition fluctuation. The asymmetric effect due to epitaxial strain also extends to microstructure formation: our simulations show islands of elastically softer (harder) phase with (without) a favourable imposed strain. We discuss the implications of these results to GeSi thin films on Si and Ge substrates, as well as InGaAs films on GaAs substrates.

Investigation of kerosene combustion characteristics with pilot hydrogen in model supersonic combustors

Experimental investigations on the ignition and combustion stabilization of kerosene with pilot hydrogen in Mach 2.5 airflows were conducted using two test combustors, with cross sections of 30.5 x 30 and 51 x 70 mm, respectively. Various integrated modules, including the combinations of different pilot injection schemes and recessed cavity flameholders with different geometries, were designed and tested. The stagnation pressure of vitiated air varied within the range of 1.1-1.8 NiPa, while the stagnation temperature varied from 1500 to 1900 K. Specifically, effects of the pilot hydrogen injection scheme, cavity geometry, and combustor scaling on the minimally required pilot hydrogen equivalence ratio were systematically examined. Results indicated that the cavity depth and length had significant effects on the ignition and flameholding, whereas the slanted angle of the aft wall was relatively less important. Two cavities in tandem were shown to be a more effective flameholding mechanism than that with a single cavity. The minimally required pilot hydrogen equivalence ratio for kerosene ignition and stable combustion was found to be as low as 0.02. Furthermore, combustion efficiency of 80% was demonstrated to be achievable for kerosene with the simultaneous use of pilot hydrogen and a recessed cavity to promote the ignition and global burning.

An evaluation of space time cube representation of spatiotemporal patterns.

Space time cube representation is an information visualization technique where spatiotemporal data points are mapped into a cube. Information visualization researchers have previously argued that space time cube representation is beneficial in revealing complex spatiotemporal patterns in a data set to users. The argument is based on the fact that both time and spatial information are displayed simultaneously to users, an effect difficult to achieve in other representations. However, to our knowledge the actual usefulness of space time cube representation in conveying complex spatiotemporal patterns to users has not been empirically validated. To fill this gap, we report on a between-subjects experiment comparing novice users' error rates and response times when answering a set of questions using either space time cube or a baseline 2D representation. For some simple questions, the error rates were lower when using the baseline representation. For complex questions where the participants needed an overall understanding of the spatiotemporal structure of the data set, the space time cube representation resulted in on average twice as fast response times with no difference in error rates compared to the baseline. These results provide an empirical foundation for the hypothesis that space time cube representation benefits users analyzing complex spatiotemporal patterns.

Size Effects in Micro-bending Deformation of MEMS Devices Based on the Discrete Dislocation Theory

In the present research, the discrete dislocation theory is used to analyze the size effect phenomena for the MEMS devices undergoing micro-bending load. A consistent result with the experimental one in literature is obtained. In order to check the effectiveness to use the discrete dislocation theory in predicting the size effect, both the basic version theory and the updated one are adopted simultaneously. The normalized stress-strain relations of the material are obtained for different plate thickness or for different obstacle density. The prediction results are compared with experimental results.

Evaluación de cuatro herbicidas en el control de malezas y su influencia sobre el rendimiento del Capsicum annum L. cv. California wonder

En la estación experimental “Raúl González a. “ del valle de sebaco, Matagalpa, se comparó el efecto de tres diferente dosis de napropemida, trifluralina, metribuzin, alachlor, y dos testigo uno deshierbado y otro en hierba do en el cultivo del capaicum annum l.c.v “ california wender, bajo condiciones de riego, con el objetivo de determinar las dosis que permitieron obtener los mayores rendimiento y un control eficaz de las malezas. La siembra se realizo en forma directa el 12 de enero de 1987, concluyendo el ensayo en mayo del mismo año. Napropamida en pre-emergencia a dosis de 0.351 y 0.702 kg/ha, trifluralina en pre siembra incorporada a 0.674 kg/ha y metribuzin en pre-emergencia a razón de 0.049 kg/ha permitieron rendimiento de 4.49, 4.05, 3.98 y 4 t/ha respectivamente: siendo estos inferiores al testigo deshierbado cuyo rendimiento fue de 8.17 t/ha. Las tres dosis de metrbuzin presentaron el mejor control sobre la asociación de malezas presente, sin embargo, resultaron toxicas al cultivo.

Eficiencia de dos tipos de fertilizantes sintéticos en el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo de maiz (Zea mays L.) variedad Nutrinta amarillo, Centro Experimental Las Mercedes 2014

El trabajo de investigación fue realizado en el centro de experimentación y validación de tecnología (CEVAT) , Las Mercedes. Ubicado en el km 11 carretera norte, entrada al CARNIC 800 m al norte con coordenadas 12°10’14” a 12°08’05” de latitud Norte y 86°10’22” a 86°09’44” longitud Oeste, a 56 msnm, durante la época lluviosa de postrera del año 2014.. Las precipitaciones durante el ciclo del cultivo fue de 660.5 mm, temperaturas de 23.2°C - 32.5° C y humedad relativa de 77%. Los suelos de esta zona son derivados de cenizas volcánicas, pertenecen a la serie Las Mercedes, con textura franco arcillos o . El objetivo fue evaluar el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo de maíz variedad nutrinta amarillo bajo tres tratamientos, el primero con fertilizante tradicional (12 - 30 - 10 y urea ), el segundo con fertilizantes nuevos (fertimaiz y nitro xtend) y un tes tigo. Se estableció un arreglo unifactorial en diseño de bloques completo al azar con cuatro r epeticiones y tres tratamientos, Los datos fueron analizados con el programa INFOSTAT. La dimensión total del ensayo fue de 410.8 m 2 . Los resultados muestran que hubo diferencias significativas para las variables: diámetro de tallo (18.80 mm ) y promedio número de hoja ( 9.48 ) reflejándose los mejore s resultados con fertilizantes nuevos . L as variables: altura de planta (219.26 cm) , área foliar (702.05 cm 2 ) , longitud de espiga (47.60 cm) y rendimiento (4246.10 kg ha - 1 ) no presentaron diferencias significativas. Los principales insectos encontrados corresponden al orden lepidóptera con mayor número de familias, en cuanto al porcentaje de incidencia de insectos plagas lo s mayores datos pertenecen a Dalbulus maidis con el 60%. En la no aplicación de fertilización se presentó mayor rentabilidad económica y por cada córdoba invertido recupera el córdoba más C$ 2.9.

CSM玻璃钢复合型断裂的有限元分析

对切短玻璃纤维毡增强聚脂层板的复合型断裂进行了有限元分析。采用八节点四边形等参元的正规型式计算应力分布与损伤区扩展;而用坍塌(collapsed)三角形四分之一点(quarter-point)奇异元计算应力强度因子K_Ⅰ与K_Ⅱ。 用节点位移约束与释放技术计算了裂纹扩展过程。对决定应力强度因子K_Ⅰ与K_Ⅱ的三种方法进行了对比。对施加于裂纹顶点节点约束条件的影响进行了评价。最后基于实验测得的断裂载荷与临界裂纹长度,估算了材料在这种受力条件下的复合型临界应力强度因子K_(ⅠC)和K_(ⅡC)。

水平分支管路中油水两相流动研究

该文研究了两种直径的直管油水两相流动对流型和相含率的影响和在不同管径的水平并行分支管路中的相含率变化规律。实验设备包括内径为50mm的水平主管道和内径为25mm的分支管路。得到了不同入口条件下实验管段的流型和相含率图。实验指出:管道的尺度变化对于流型的影响较小,但对于油水两相的相含率和速度滑移有显著的作用。当油水两相流在并行分支管路中同时流动时,随着入口处水的表观流速增大,并行主管的截面油含率与并行分支管的差距逐渐缩小。

基于非结构化同位网格的SIMPLE算法

通过基于非结构化网络的有限体积法对二维稳态Navier-Stokes方程进行了数值求解。其中对流项采用延迟修正的二阶格式进行离散；扩散项的离散采用二阶中心差分格式；对于压力-速度耦合利用SIMPLE算法进行处理；计算节点的布置采用同位网格技术，界面流速通过动量插值确定。本文对方腔驱动流、倾斜腔驱动流和圆柱外部绕流问题进行了计算，讨论了非结构化同位网格有限体积法在实现SIMPLE算法时，迭代次数与欠松弛系数的关系、不同网格情况的收敛性、同结构化网格的对比以及流场尾迹结构。通过和以往结果比较可知，本文的方法是准确和可信的。

La serigrafía de áridos con vehículos aglutinantes de base acuosa

330 p.