长白山北坡水甲虫多样性与环境因子的关系

为了解水甲虫多样性与环境的关系,于2004—2006年每年6—10月在长白山北坡采集不同环境条件下水甲虫标本,共发现水甲虫8科38属70种。研究发现不同的环境,水甲虫的种类、数量、个体大小明显不同。通过多元回归分析发现:水甲虫Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与海拔(r=0.507)、底泥有机质含量(r=0.638)和全磷含量(r=0.668)成明显正相关,与水电导率(r=-0.470)、水深度(r=-0.461)和水pH值(r=-0.470)负相关显著;均匀度指数与底泥有机质含量(r=0.542)和全磷含量(r=0.489)正相关显著;物种数与海拔(r=0.590)、底泥有机质含量(r=0.593)和全磷含量(r=0.618)成正相关,与水深度(r=-0.636)、水电导率(r=-0.558)、水pH值(r=-0.535)成显著负相关。环境因子影响水甲虫的分布,但人类是最终决定因素,了解水甲虫多样性与环境的关系,有助于揭示生物-环境-人类三者之间的关系,为生态系统和生物多样性的修复和保护提供服务。

Early Embryonic Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls Disrupts Heat-Shock Protein 70 Cognate Expression in Zebrafish

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental contaminants that have documented neurological effects in children exposed in utero. To better define neuronally linked molecular targets during early development, zebrafish embryos were exposed to Aroclor 1254, a mixture of PCB congeners that are common environmental contaminants. Microarray analysis of the zebrafish genome revealed consistent significant changes in 38 genes. Of these genes, 55% (21) are neuronally related. One gene that showed a consistent 50% reduction in expression in PCB-treated embryos was heat-shock protein 70 cognate (Hsc70). The reduction in Hsc70 expression was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), revealing a consistent 30% reduction in expression in PCB-treated embryos. Early embryonic exposure to PCBs also induced structural changes in the ventro-rostral cluster as detected by immunocytochemistry. In addition, there was a significant reduction in dorso-rostral neurite outgrowth emanating from the RoL1 cell cluster following PCB exposure. The serotonergic neurons in the developing diencephalon showed a 34% reduction in fluorescence when labeled with a serotonin antibody following PCB exposure, corresponding to a reduction in serotonin concentration in the neurons. The total size of the labeled neurons was not significantly different between treated and control embryos, indicating that the development of the neurons was not affected, only the production of serotonin within the neurons. The structural and biochemical changes in the developing central nervous system following early embryonic exposure to Aroclor 1254 may lead to alterations in the function of the affected regions.

科尔沁沙地70种草本植物个体和构件生物量比较研究

比较分析了科尔沁沙地70种草本植物盛花期时的个体和构件生物量特性。结果表明:43种植物个体生物量小于5.0 g,大部分物种根、茎、叶、花等构件的生物量均小于2.0 g,62种植物的根冠比小于1,说明70种草本植物中的大部分物种以地上生物量为主,只有少数物种具有较发达的地下根系。植物各构件生物量之间呈显著正相关,对个体生物量的贡献率为:茎>叶>根>花。多年生和1~2年生物种的个体生物量以及各构件生物量均无显著差异,但1~2年生物种的茎和地上生物量对个体生物量的贡献率显著高于多年生物种,而多年生物种的地下生物量对个体生物量的贡献率显著高于1~2年生物种,不同构件对生物量贡献率的差异有利于不同生活型植物的种群扩散和繁衍。

科尔沁沙地70种植物繁殖体形状比较研究

研究了科尔沁沙地70种植物的繁殖体(31种为种子,39种为果实)形状。用繁殖体三维(长、宽、高)的方差衡量繁殖体形状。方差越小,繁殖体越接近圆球形;方差越大,繁殖体越细长或扁平。研究结果表明,1)所量测的70种植物的繁殖体(种子或果实)形状差异很大,最小的方差不足0.03,最大的超过0.18。2)大部分一年生杂草的种子繁殖体近似于圆球形。3)黄蒿、马齿苋、碱地肤、狼尾花、灰绿藜、刺沙蓬、菟丝子、大籽蒿、狗尾草的繁殖体比较接近圆球形(方差小于0.09),它们可能具有持久种子库。4)萝摩科植物萝摩、杠柳、细叶白前繁殖体具绢毛;菊科植物女菀、飞廉、黄金菊、山莴苣、苣荬菜和夹竹桃科植物罗布麻有冠毛;石竹科植物石竹和鸢尾科植物野鸢尾有翅;香蒲科植物小香蒲有宿存花柱;可能这些植物都可被风传播。糙隐子草、披碱草、水稗草、牛鞭草、冠芒草具芒,它们可能具有固结自身的作用;苍耳、雾冰藜、鹤虱带钩或刺,易于被动物传播。5)草甸植物野豌豆、海滨天冬、小黄花菜作为传播体的种子较圆;草甸植物女菀、山莴苣、黄金菊、披碱草、野古草、牛鞭草、狼尾草作为传播体的果实扁平或细长;流沙上的先锋植物或沙生系列演替前期植物沙蓬、刺沙篷、乌丹蒿、差巴嘎蒿、狗尾草、雾冰藜、东北木蓼、山竹子等的繁殖体多数偏离圆

黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域近70年农业生态安全评价

在国内外已有研究的基础上,结合黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域近70a来农业生态经济系统演变过程,参考PSR模型,从生态环境、社会经济和综合功能3方面构建黄土丘陵区流域农业生态安全评价指标体系,基于层次分析法赋权的综合指数评价方法,对纸坊沟流域1938～2005年农业生态安全状况进行评价。结果表明:该流域农业生态安全状况发生了先降后升的变化,1938年处于较安全状况,1958年为极不安全状况,1975年和1985年都处于较不安全状况,1995年处于临界安全状况,2005年属于较安全状况。评价结果表明纸坊沟流域还需要进一步优化农业系统结构,实现农业生态安全。

Phase transition and transition kinetics of a thermotropic poly(amide-imide) derived from 70% pyromellitic dianhydride, 30% terephthaloyl chloride, and 1,3-bis[4-(4 '-aminophenoxy)cumyl]benzene

The phase transition and transition kinetics of a liquid crystalline copoly(amide-imide) (PAI37), which was synthesized from 70 mol% pyromellitic dianhydride, 30 mol% terephthaloyl chloride, and 1,3-bis[4-(4'-aminophenoxy)cumyl]benzene, was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and rheology. PAI37 exhibits a glass transition temperature at 182 degreesC followed by multiple phase transitions. The crystalline phase starts to melt at similar to 220 degreesC and forms smectic C (S-C) phase. The Sc phase transforms into smectic A (S-A) phase when the temperature is above 237 degreesC. The S-C to S-A transition spans a broad temperature range in which the S-A phase vanishes and forms isotropic melt. The WARD fiber pattern of PAI37 pulled from the anisotropic melt revealed an anomalous chain orientation, which was characterized by its layer normal perpendicular to the fiber direction. The transition kinetics for the mesophase and crystalline phase formation was also studied.

Synthesis of isotactic polystyrene with a rare-earth catalyst

Polymerization of styrene with the neodymium phosphonate Nd(P-507)/H2O/Al(i-Bu)(3) catalytic system has been examined. The polymer obtained was separated into a soluble and an insoluble fraction by 2-butanone extraction. C-13-NMR spectra indicate that the insoluble fraction is isotactic polystyrene and the soluble one is syndiotactic-rich atactic polystyrene. The polymerization features are described and discussed. The optimum conditions for the polymerization are as follows: [Nd] = (3.5-5.0) x 10(-2) mol/L; [styrene] = 5 mol/L; [Al]/[Nd] = 6-8 mol/mol; [H2O]/[Al] = 0.05-0.08 mol/mol; polymerization temperature around 70 degrees C. The percent yield of isotactic polystyrene (TY) is markedly affected by catalyst aging temperature. With increase of the aging temperature from 40 to 70 degrees C, TY increases from 9% to 48%. Using AlEt3 and Al(i-Bu)(2)H instead of Al(i-Bu)(3) decreases the yield of isotactic polystyrene. Different neodymium compounds give the following activity order: Nd(P-507)(3) > Nd(P-204)(3) > Nd(OPri)(3) > NdCl3 + C2HF5OH > Nd(naph)(3). With Nd(naph)(3) as catalyst, only atactic polystyrene is obtained. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

盐酸介质中 P_(507) 萃取 Pb(Ⅱ)的平衡

通过实验，研究了２－乙基已基膦酸单（２－乙基已基）酯，在盐酸介质中萃取铅的规律和机理，为荧光级稀土生产提供了理论依据。

Stereospecific polymerization of styrene using a homogeneous lanthanide catalyst

Stereospecific polymerization of styrene was catalyzed by homogeneous neodymium phosphonate [Nd(P-507)(3)]-H2O-Al(i-Bu)(3) catalytic system. The polymer was separated into isotactic polystyrene and atactic polystyrene by extracting the latter with boiling 2-butanone. The conversion of styrene and the yield of isotactic polystyrene (IY) were influenced by the [H2O]/[Al(i-Bu)(3)] mole ratio and the solvent polarity. The reaction is first order with respect to monomer at 70 degrees C.

P_（507）萃淋树脂分离—火花源质谱法定量分析高纯Nd_（2）O_3中痕量稀土元素

本采用萃取色谱法，以Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂为固定相，以ＨＣｌ－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ体系为淋洗液，研究了高纯Ｎｄ２Ｏ３（９９．９９９％～９９．９９９９％）中稀土杂质与Ｎｄ基体的分离方法。选择螯合剂－活性碳柱富集淋洗液中痕量稀土，采用火花源质谱法分析，测定下限０．０１μｇ／ｇ。

GAS-PHASE ACETYLATION OF C-60 AND C-70 BY ION/MOLECULE REACTIONS

Gas phase reactions of C-60 and C-70 with the ion system of acetone under chemical ionization conditions have been studied. C-60 and C-70 can react with acetyl and oxonium ions, which come from self-chemical ionization of acetone, to form adduct ions. In addition, C-60 and C-70 can accept protons to produce protonated ions. C-70 is more active in the above reactions than C-60 because of its stronger gas-phase basicity. A sigma-bond between C-60 and an acyl carbon atom can be formed to produce stable acetylated C-60 ions. The above results may be relevant to the acetylation reactions of C-60 in the condensed phase.

Gas-phase Ion-molecular Reactions of C-60 and C-70 with Acetone and Quantum Chemistry Study

Gas-phase ion-molecular reactions of C-60 and C-70 with the ion system of acetone have been studied in this paper. The ions of protoned and acetylized C-60 and C-70 were formed by the reactions of C-60 and C-70 with some ions which existed in the ion system when mass spectrometer worked on chemical ionization conditions. The reactivity of C-70 is greater than that of C-60. Results of quantum chemical calculation for the adduct ions showed a sigma bond between the acyl carbon atom and C-60 may be Formed. These results will provide some valuable informations on the condense-phase acetylization of C-60.

P_（507）萃淋树脂分离－火花源质谱法测定高纯Er_2O_3中痕量稀土杂质

本文采用萃取色谱法以Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂为固定相，以ＨＣｌ－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ体系为淋洗液，研究了高纯Ｅｒ２Ｏ３（９９．９９９％～９９．９９９９％）中稀土杂质和Ｅｒ基体的分离方法，并选择了富集方法和火花源质谱测定条件，达到了纯度为９９．９９９９％的超纯Ｅｒ２Ｏ３的分析要求。

P_（507）萃淋树脂分离－火花源质谱法测定高纯Gd_2O_3中痕量稀土杂质

本文采用萃取色谱法，以Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂为固定相，以ＨＣｌ－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ体系为洗脱液，研究了９９．９９９％～９９．９９９９％高纯Ｇｄ２Ｏ３中稀土杂质和Ｇｄ基体的分离方法，并选择了富集方法和火花源质谱测定条件，达到了纯度为９９．９９９９％的高纯Ｇｄ２Ｏ３的分析测定要求