956 resultados para 5-Methoxy-3,4-dehydroxanthomegnin


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Transcrits en notation moderne et publiés par S. Naumbourg

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Plants differ greatly in their susceptibility to insect herbivory, suggesting both local adaptation and resistance tradeoffs. We used maize (Zea mays) recombinant inbred lines to map a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the maize leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) susceptibility to maize Chromosome 1. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the same locus was also associated with high levels of 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside (HDMBOA-Glc) and low levels of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside (DIMBOA-Glc). In vitro enzyme assays with candidate genes from the region of the QTL identified three O-methyltransferases (Bx10a-c) that convert DIMBOA-Glc to HDMBOA-Glc. Variation in HDMBOA-Glc production was attributed to a natural CACTA family transposon insertion that inactivates Bx10c in maize lines with low HDMBOA-Glc accumulation. When tested with a population of 26 diverse maize inbred lines, R. maidis produced more progeny on those with high HDMBOA-Glc and low DIMBOA-Glc. Although HDMBOA-Glc was more toxic to R. maidis than DIMBOA-Glc in vitro, BX10c activity and the resulting decline of DIMBOA-Glc upon methylation to HDMBOA-Glc were associated with reduced callose deposition as an aphid defense response in vivo. Thus, a natural transposon insertion appears to mediate an ecologically relevant trade-off between the direct toxicity and defense-inducing properties of maize benzoxazinoids.

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Boberach: Der Dresdner Mai-Aufstand wird als Teil einer "allgemeindeutschen Demokratenverschwörung" gedeutet, bei der die Deutschkatholiken sich der antikatholischen Stimmung in Sachsen bedienten

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Boberach: Anträge und Thesen von Gerber, Krech, Seyffert, Bergmann, Mützell, Holäufer, Hamann, Graser: Die Schule soll Staatsanstalt unter Beteiligung der Gemeinden, Landkreise und Regierungsbezirke, der Religionsunterricht auf die Elementarklassen beschränkt sein. Der Direktor muß die Beschlüsse des Lehrerkollegiums ausführen. Die Lehrer sollen höhere Pensionen erhalten. Die Schulamtskandidaten sollen zuerst ein halbes Jahr lang hospitieren. Die Lehrerseminare sollen hinsichtlich der praktischen Ausbildung reformiert, an der Universität ein Lehrstuhl für Pädagogik errichtet werden. Außerdem sollen Lehr- und Stundenpläne der Gymnasien und die Gründung eines Provinzialvereins behandelt werden

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Boberach: Der Kongreß der (mit den Namen der Delegierten aufgeführten 89) Volks- und Vaterlandsvereine aus Sachsen, beiden Hessen, Braunschweig, Hamburg, Bremen und Oldenburg will die nationale Partei in einem Allgemeinen Deutschen Vaterlandsverein organisieren, der für die Märzerrungenschaften und die in der Deutschen Nationalversammlung repräsentierte Volkssouveränität eintritt

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M. Schwarzauer

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Signatur des Originals: S 36/F02545

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To investigate the molecular basis of PTEN-mediated tumor suppression, we introduced a null mutation into the mouse Pten gene by homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Pten−/− ES cells exhibited an increased growth rate and proliferated even in the absence of serum. ES cells lacking PTEN function also displayed advanced entry into S phase. This accelerated G1/S transition was accompanied by down-regulation of p27KIP1, a major inhibitor for G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Inactivation of PTEN in ES cells and in embryonic fibroblasts resulted in elevated levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5,-trisphosphate, a product of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase. Consequently, PTEN deficiency led to dosage-dependent increases in phosphorylation and activation of Akt/protein kinase B, a well-characterized target of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase signaling pathway. Akt activation increased Bad phosphorylation and promoted Pten−/− cell survival. Our studies suggest that PTEN regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5,-trisphosphate and Akt signaling pathway and consequently modulates two critical cellular processes: cell cycle progression and cell survival.