Impacts of hydrogen dilution on growth and optical properties of a-SiC : H films

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon-carbon (a-SiC:H) films were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with a fixed methane to silane ratio ([CH4]/[SiH4]) of 1.2 and a wide range of hydrogen dilution (R-H=[H-2]/[SiH4 + CH4]) values of 12, 22, 33, 102 and 135. The impacts of RH on the structural and optical properties of the films were investigated by using UV-VIS transmission, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption, Raman scattering and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The effects of high temperature annealing on the films were also probed. It is found that with increasing hydrogen dilution, the optical band gap increases, and the PL peak blueshifts from similar to1.43 to 1.62 eV. In annealed state, the room temperature PL peak for the low R-H samples disappears, while the PL peak for the high R-H samples appears at similar to 2.08 eV, which is attributed to nanocrystalline Si particles confined by Si-C and Si-O bonds.

Design and optimization of highly nonlinear low-dispersion crystal fiber with high birefringence for four-wave mixing

We have proposed a novel type of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with low dispersion and high nonlinearity for four-wave mixing. This type of fiber is composed of a solid silica core and a cladding with a squeezed hexagonal lattice elliptical airhole along the fiber length. Its dispersion and nonlinearity coefficient are investigated simultaneously by using the full vectorial finite element method. Numerical results show that the proposed highly nonlinear low-dispersion fiber has a total dispersion as low as +/- 2.5 ps nm(-1) km(-1) over an ultrabroad wavelength range from 1.43 to 1.8 mu m, and the corresponding nonlinearity coefficient and birefringence are about 150 W-1 km(-1) and 2.5 x 10(-3) at 1.55 mu m, respectively. The proposed PCF with low ultraflattened dispersion, high nonlinearity, and high birefringence can have important application in four-wave mixing. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

不同林地清理方式对杉木林土壤肥力的影响

研究了杉木林采伐迹地及采伐后的炼山迹地的土壤物理性质、养分含量、微生物数量和酶活性.结果表明,采伐迹地的非毛管孔隙比杉木林地增加23%,自然含水量和毛管持水量则下降25%;炼山迹地土壤容重比杉木林地增加10%,非毛管孔隙、自然含水量和毛管持水量分别下降61%、48%和26%.采伐迹地有机质、全N、全P和全K含量分别比杉木林地下降14%、14%、35%和22%,炼山迹地分别下降37%、37%、47%和7%.采伐迹地碱解N和有效K含量分别比杉木林地增加24%和31%,有效P含量比杉木林地下降15%;炼山迹地的碱解N、有效P和有效K含量分别比杉木林地下降25%、43%和40%.采伐迹地的细菌、真菌和放线菌数量比杉木林地增加1.4、11.3和0.8倍;炼山迹地细菌数量比杉木林地减少24%,真菌和放线菌数量增加了5.0和0.5倍.采伐迹地脲酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素分解酶活性分别为杉木林地1.9、1.6和2.1倍,而炼山迹地分别为后者的35.4%、90%和106%.湿润土壤有机质、全N和全P含量高,疏松多孔的土壤有利于碱解N、速效P、速效K积累和脲酶活性的增加.真菌数量随毛管孔隙的增加而减少.通气良好有利于提高土壤过氧化氢酶活性.

黑土区县域生态工程建设对农业景观的调控

近年来,东北典型黑土区的水土流失问题得到了广泛的关注。该文运用景观生态学的空间分析方法,在地理信息系统GIS支持下,以1989年和2002年陆地资源卫星LandsatTM为主要信息源,结合测绘图件、统计数据及野外调查,分析黑土侵蚀区典型县域(拜泉县)生态恢复与重建的景观结构和水土保持效应。研究结果表明从1989到2002年,研究区耕地面积下降24731.01hm2,林草地面积增加了13567.53hm2,林网进一步完善,水库和塘坝数量由88座增加到1490座。全县55%的水蚀面积得到治理,82.2%的风蚀农田得到林网的防护,43.7%的景观地表超渗径流得到集蓄利用,大于1.5°坡耕地泥沙径流拦截面积增加1420.10hm2。大规模生态建设下,区域景观类型数量和空间配置发生了较大的变化,景观结构的调整对其水土保持功能起到了很好的调控作用。

缓/控释氮素肥料对土壤生物学活性的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究施用不同种缓/控释氮素肥料对玉米苗期土壤脲酶、硝酸还原酶活性、微生物生物量碳和氮的影响。结果表明:在玉米苗期,施用脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)涂层大颗粒尿素、硝化抑制剂(DCD)与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素肥料对脲酶活性有显著的抑制作用,脲酶活性为48～50mgNH3-N·kg-1土·24h-1;施用DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素肥料,硝酸还原酶活性最高,为1.43μgN·g-1土·24h-1,施用含有NBPT肥料对硝酸还原酶活性没有显著影响。玉米苗期施用NBPT涂层尿素肥料微生物量碳、氮含量最高,分别为241和57mg·kg-1土,NBPT对土壤微生物量没有产生负面影响。施用不同种缓/控释氮素肥料微生物量氮变化与微生物量碳一致,施用DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素肥料微生物量氮与对照无显著差别,为50mg·kg-1土。施用DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素肥料,玉米苗期微生物固持氮素能力没有受到影响,同种膜材料包膜NBPT/DCD涂层尿素制成的控释氮肥,对土壤生物学活性影响明显强于直接包膜大颗粒尿素制成的控释氮肥的作用效果。不同种缓/控释肥料玉米苗期土壤生物学活性差异表明,丙烯酸树脂包膜尿素制成的控释氮肥,对氮素或抑制剂的控释效果显著好于醋酸酯淀粉包膜尿素制成的控释氮肥。

岷江上游地区近30年森林生态系统水源涵养量与价值变化

根据岷江上游地区自然地理环境条件的差别,将该区森林植被划分为暗针叶林、其它针叶林、阔叶林和灌木林等4个类型,利用年降雨量、林冠截流量数据、径流系数以及“影子价格”等方法,计算和评述了该区森林生态系统水源涵养效益;并利用遥感4期影像分析了岷江上游地区森林生态系统水源涵养量的变化原因。结果表明:2000年岷江上游森林生态系统年水源涵养量最高,为1·3892×1010m3,经济价值为93·07亿元。去除降雨量的影响后,在各时期年降雨量为705mm的情况下,岷江上游地区1986年的水源涵养量最高,为1·3348×1010m3,经济价值为89·43亿元;1995年水源涵养量下降,为1·2320×1010m3,经济价值为82·54亿元;2000年水源涵养量及经济价值与1995年基本持平。造成这一现象的主要原因是20世纪90年代岷江上游森林景观受到人为的严重破坏,而随后实施的“天然林保护工程”与“退耕还林还草”政策,加强了人工植被恢复建设,改善了森林生态系统,使森林生态系统水源涵养量有所恢复。

LUMINESCENCE AND ENERGY-TRANSFER OF RARE-EARTH-METAL IONS IN MG2Y8(SIO4)(6)O-2

The photoluminescence of Ce3+, Tb3+ and Sm3+, and energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+, Dy3+ and Sm3+ in Mg2Y8(SiOd(4))(6)O-2 are reported and discussed. The Ce3+ ion shows blue luminescence under UV excitation, and occupies simultaneously the 4f site and 6h site in the host lattice. The optimum concentrations for the D-5(3) and D-5(4) emissions of Tb3+ and the (4)G(5/2) emission of Sm3+ are determined to be 0.04, 0.20 and 0.10 mol in every mol of Mg2Y8(SiO4)(6)O-2, respectively. The critical distances responsible for the cross-relaxation between the D-5(3)-D-5(4) and F-7(6)-F-7(0) transitions of Tb3+ and between the (4)G(5/2)-F-4(9/2) and H-6(5/2)-F-4(9/2) transitions of Sm3+ are estimated to be 1.43 and 1.06 nm, respectively. Both Tb3+ and Dy3+ can be sensitized by Ce3+, but Ce3+ and Sm3+ quench each other.

钕锗钼杂多酸根配合物的合成、晶体结构和光谱性质

合成及制备了K_7H_6[Nd(GeMo_(11)O_(39))_2]·27H_2O单晶,测定其晶体结构,空间群属P2_1/n,晶胞参数:α=1.7095(4),b=2.6895(3),c=2.1214(5)nm,β=103.11(2)°;V=9.4994(3)nm~3;Z=4;D_m=3.14g/cm~3,D_c=3.05g/cm~3;μ(MoKα)=43.70cm~(-1)。利用结构分析的结果,研究配合物的IR光谱性质,提出利用IR光谱推测杂多配合物分子结构特征的实验证据和理论根据。电子光谱证实配合物中Nd~(3+)的f轨道参与成键。

From epistemic origins to journal impact factors: what do citations tell us?

Urquhart, C. (2006). From epistemic origins to journal impact factors: what do citations tell us? International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(1), 1-2.

Irrelevant or Indispensable? ESDP, the ?War on Terror' and the Fallout from Iraq

Shepherd, Alistair, 'Irrelevant or Indispensable? ESDP, the ?War on Terror' and the Fallout from Iraq', International Politics (2006) 43(1) pp.71-92 RAE2008

The paradox of using tacit and explicit knowledge: Strategies to face dilemnas

Jasimuddin, Sajjad, Klein, Jonathan, and Connell, Con, 'The paradox of using tacit and explicit knowledge: Strategies to face dilemnas', Management Decision (2005) 43(1) pp.102-112 RAE2008

Numerical simulation of the charge balance in an EBIT

The electron beam ions traps (EBITs) are widely used to study highly charged ions (HCIs). In an EBIT, a high energy electron beam collides with atoms and ions to generate HCIs in the trap region. It is important to study the physics in the trap. The atomic processes, such as electron impact ionisation (EI), radiative recombination (RR), dielectronic recombination (DR) and charge exchange (CX), occur in the trap and numerical simulation can give some parameters for design, predict the composition and describe charge state evolution in an EBIT [Phys. Rev. A 43 (199 1) 4861]. We are presently developing a new code, which additionally includes a description of the overlaps between the ion clouds of the various charge-states. It has been written so that it can simulate experiments where various machine parameters (e.g. beam energy and current) can vary throughout the simulation and will be able to use cross- sections either based on scaling laws or derived from atomic structure calculations. An object-oriented method is used in developing the new software, which is an efficient way to organize and write code. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.