Cross-species chromosome painting in the golden mole and elephant-shrew: support for the mammalian clades Afrotheria and Afroinsectiphillia but not Afroinsectivora

Cross-species painting (fluorescence in situ hybridization) with 23 human (Homo sapiens (HSA)) chromosome-specific painting probes (HSA 1-22 and the X) was used to delimit regions of homology on the chromosomes of the golden mole (Ghrysochloris asiaticus) and elephant-shrew (Elephantulus rupestris). A cladistic interpretation of our data provides evidence of two unique associations, HSA 1/19p and 5/21/3, that support Afrotheria. The recognition of HSA 5/3/21 expands on the 3/21 synteny originally designated as an ancestral state for all eutherians. We have identified one adjacent segment combination (HSA2/8p/4) that is supportive of Afroinsectiphillia (aardvark, golden mole, elephant-shrew). Two segmental combinations (HSA 10q/17 and HSA 3/20) unite the aardvark and elephant-shrews as sister taxa. The finding that segmental syntenies in evolutionarily distant taxa can improve phylogenetic resolution suggests that they may be useful for testing sequence-based phylogenies of the early eutherian mammals. They may even suggest clades that sequence trees are not recovering with any consistency and thus encourage the search for additional rare genomic changes among afrotheres.

Non-catalytic multi-fuel reformer for syngas production for fuel cell applications

Rich combustion of n-heptane, diesel oil, jet A-1 kerosene, and bio-diesel (rapeseed-oil methyl ester) were studied to produce hydrogen enriched gas, ready for the cleanup stages for fuel cell applications. n-heptane was successfully reformed up to an equivalence ratio of 3:1, reaching a conversion efficiency up to 83% for a packed bed of alumina bead burner. Diesel, kerosene and bio-diesel were reformed to synthesis gas with conversion efficiency up to 65%. At equivalence ratio of 2:1 and P=7 kw, stability, low HC formation, high conversion efficiency, and low soot emission were achieved. A common synthesis gas composition around this condition was 15 and 13% H2, 15 and 17% CO, and 4 and 4.5% CO2 for n-heptane and diesel, jet A-1 and bio-diesel, respectively, for burner A. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 2010 Spring National Meeting (San Antonio, TX 3/21-25/2010).

Population dynamics and the management of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta from the Bay of Bengal

FiSAT program was used to estimate population parameters of Rastrelliger kanagurta from length frequency data. Loc and K were found to be 27.4 em and 0.90 year1 respectively. The Wetherall plot provided an estimate of Loc and Z/K were 26.7 cm and 4.683 respectively. The annual rate of natural and fishing mortality were estimated as 1.71 and 3.21 respectively. The exploitation rate was 0.652. The selection pattern L50 was 18.09 cm. Recruitment pattern suggests two seasonal pulses one in March-May and another in September-October. Peak recruitment appeared in March-May. Maximum yield could be achieved by decreasing length at first capture to 13.0 em. The relationship between total length and body weight was found to be W = 0.01583 L8952. Yield and stock prediction analysis suggested that highest yield and price could be achieved by decreasing the fishing mortality to 2.0 coefficient rate.

利用胚胎工程技术提高我国奶产量

近年来动物胚胎程技术发展迅速,并逐步在畜牧业中推广运用。胚胎移植是目前应用最为广泛的现代繁育技术。经过几十年的发展,国内胚胎移植相关技术已相当成熟,可以多种形式满足不同市场的需求。同时,由于中国奶牛种质较差,奶业基础相对薄弱,需大力繁育高产优质奶牛,在减少饲养数量的同时提高牛奶产量和质量,提高饲养经济效益,胚胎工程技术对发展国内奶业意义重大。总之,利用胚胎工程技术提高我国奶产量已经具备条件,而且是必由之路。

尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒出血毒素的纯化与部分性质

目的　被尖吻蝮蛇(D ienag k istrod on acu tus) 咬伤会引起严重的出血, 对蛇毒出血毒素的研究有利 于治疗蛇伤出血药物筛选。方法　采用Sephadex G275, DEA E2Sephadex A 250, Sephadex G2200 和两次 PBE 聚焦层析纯化。SDS2PA GE 电泳和等电聚焦电泳测定纯化样品的纯度和等电点。氨基酸组成用自动氨 基酸分析仪测定。以小鼠背部皮下注射部位出血斑的面积来确定最小出血剂量和常规的方法测定酶活性。 结果　从尖吻蝮蛇毒中纯化到一个相对分子量为56 000 的出血毒素(DaHT23) , 经氨基酸组成测定计算, 它由487 个氨基酸残基组成。此成分在SDS2PA GE 上显示出一条均一的蛋白染色带, 其p I 为5150。该出 血成分的最小出血剂量是216Lg, 具有蛋白水解酶活力, 其活力为3168, 但没有精氨酯酶和磷脂酶A 2 活 力。当加入EDTA 螯合剂去除金属离子后, 它们的出血活力和蛋白水解酶活力均丧失。结论　这是从大 陆尖吻蝮蛇毒中获得的一个新的出血金属蛋白酶(DaHT 23)。

减毒麻疹活疫苗对小鼠的细胞遗传学效应

麻疹疫苗可引起小鼠骨髓微核细胞率、染色体畸变率以及精细胞微核细胞率 明显升高, 与接种剂量和接种后的时间有关; 生殖细胞染色体畸变和对照比无 显著性差异。图版2表3参21

滇池入湖河流大清河河口段浮游藻类格局研究

2006年7月至2007年12月对大清河3个样点的浮游藻类组成及密度、浮游叶绿素a浓度等指标进行逐月监测。共观察到浮游藻类65个分类单元,计53个属。所有样点的平均藻类密度是1.23×108 ind.L-1,最高密度为1.39×109 ind.L-1,最低密度为3.21×105 ind.L-1。铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)为绝对优势种,监测期间其平均相对丰度为92.23%。随着离湖距离的增加,浮游藻类总密度、铜绿微囊藻的百分含量明显降低,而香农-威纳(Shannon-Wien

苏尼特左旗发菜资源的利用及保护

介绍了发菜资源在内蒙古自治区苏尼特左旗的分布情况和发菜产地的植被类型与地貌特征。记述了当地蒙古族群众对发菜认识与利用的历史,以及最近20多年大规模采搂史的全过程。根据对产地实地调查研究的结果,认为发菜生长的必须条件是稳定的表层粘土,发菜生物量的限制条件是降水,并就采搂发菜对于草场的利与弊,发菜产地萎缩的主要原因作了具体分析,最后提出了建立“发菜自然生态保护区”的设想。

A policy dimension required for technology roadmapping: Learning from the emergence of Chinese wind turbine industry

Innovation policies play an important role throughout the development process of emerging industries in China. Existing policy and industry studies view the emergence process as a black-box, and fail to understand the impacts of policy to the process along which it varies. This paper aims to develop a multi-dimensional roadmapping tool to better analyse the dynamics between policy and industrial growth for new industries in China. Through reviewing the emergence process of Chinese wind turbine industry, this paper elaborates how policy and other factors influence the emergence of this industry along this path. Further, this paper generalises some Chinese specifics for the policy-industry dynamics. As a practical output, this study proposes a roadmapping framework that generalises some patterns of policy-industry interactions for the emergence process of new industries in China. This paper will be of interest to policy makers, strategists, investors and industrial experts. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

维生素C在水产养殖业的应用

<正> 维生素C,又称丙种维生素,VitaminumC,抗坏血酸(Ascorbic acid),简称维C或Vc。维生素C是一种酸性己糖衍生物。化学名称为L—3—氧带苏己糖醛酸内酯。分子式为C_6H_8O_6,分子量为176.1。1维生素C的性状 外观为白色结晶粉末,有酸味,久置色渐变微黄色,易溶于水,水溶液呈酸性反应。稍溶于乙醇,微溶于甘油,不溶于乙醚和氯仿。熔点为190℃。抗坏血酸钠为白色或微黄色结晶粉末,略带酸味,只溶于水,基本上不溶于乙醇、乙醚等。在220℃时分解。 维生素C是动物的重要营养成分之一

全雌鲤的培育及其养殖效果

用生理雄性的散鳞镜鲤作父本,兴国红鲤8305作母本杂交,产生出全雌型杂交鲤,经过多种形式的生产性试验,当年夏花长至11月份,平均体重可达850克。当年养成商品鱼,空壳重可达92％以上。此项研究成果在世界同类研究中处于先进水平,在推广应用上居世界领先地位,为国内首创。

东湖放养鲢、鳙鱼种的食性分析

<正> 一材料和方法本实验于1977年5月至1978年4月进行。实验用鱼取自武昌东湖水果湖区。用不同网目的刺网每月采样1～2次。全年共收集334尾标本(鲢、鳙各167尾)。用于食性分析的标本鲢68尾,体长18.0～42.0厘米,重118～1550克;鳙42尾,体长18.0～40.0厘米,重155～1,400克。经鉴定标本均属1～1~+龄鲢、鳙鱼,即1977年4月放湖。然后取出整条肠管。按鲤科鱼类肠管分段法,目测前、中、后肠的饱满度,并选取

淡水青虾幼体发育的初步研究

作者观察了淡水青虾在实验室条件下幼体发育的情况。在幼体发育的全过程中,有的个体蜕皮9次,有的蜕皮11、14次。本文是描述蜕皮9次的个体的发育情况。从第一至第九期幼体以及后期幼体都附有详细的附肢图和部分整体图。幼体发育所需的时间随水温而变,在26.5±1.3℃条件下,幼体完成变态达到后期幼体需21天,在30.9±1-2℃仅需16天。

草鱼、白鲢和花鲢的耗氧率

1.草鱼、白鲢、花鲢的鱼苗和第2年鱼,以及草鱼的第3年鱼在夏季水温下的耗氧率,均经连续至少7小时以上的测定。 体重0.4-1.7克的鱼苗,在28.5-31.7℃的水温中,平均耗氧率篇0.325-0.632毫克/克/小时;体重38.9-172.3克的第2年鱼,在26.3-30.6℃的水温中,平均耗氧率为0.161-0.264毫克/克/小时;体重1103-1355克的第3年鱼(草鱼)在水温21-23.5℃时,平均耗氧率为0.139-0.151毫克/克/小时。 2.耗氧率随体重的增加而减低;同种之内,小鱼的耗氧