Report on the Iowa Judicial Branch – County Clerks of District Courts, a part of the State of Iowa, for the year ended June 30, 2014

Report on the Iowa Judicial Branch – County Clerks of District Courts, a part of the State of Iowa, for the year ended June 30, 2014

Comparison and validation of tissue modelization and statistical classification methods in T1-weighted MR brain images.

This paper presents a validation study on statistical nonsupervised brain tissue classification techniques in magnetic resonance (MR) images. Several image models assuming different hypotheses regarding the intensity distribution model, the spatial model and the number of classes are assessed. The methods are tested on simulated data for which the classification ground truth is known. Different noise and intensity nonuniformities are added to simulate real imaging conditions. No enhancement of the image quality is considered either before or during the classification process. This way, the accuracy of the methods and their robustness against image artifacts are tested. Classification is also performed on real data where a quantitative validation compares the methods' results with an estimated ground truth from manual segmentations by experts. Validity of the various classification methods in the labeling of the image as well as in the tissue volume is estimated with different local and global measures. Results demonstrate that methods relying on both intensity and spatial information are more robust to noise and field inhomogeneities. We also demonstrate that partial volume is not perfectly modeled, even though methods that account for mixture classes outperform methods that only consider pure Gaussian classes. Finally, we show that simulated data results can also be extended to real data.

Valproic acid monotherapy in pregnancy and major congenital malformations.

BACKGROUND: The use of valproic acid in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of spina bifida, but data on the risks of other congenital malformations are limited. METHODS: We first combined data from eight published cohort studies (1565 pregnancies in which the women were exposed to valproic acid, among which 118 major malformations were observed) and identified 14 malformations that were significantly more common among the offspring of women who had received valproic acid during the first trimester. We then assessed the associations between use of valproic acid during the first trimester and these 14 malformations by performing a case-control study with the use of the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) antiepileptic-study database, which is derived from population-based congenital-anomaly registries. Registrations (i.e., pregnancy outcomes with malformations included in EUROCAT) with any of these 14 malformations were compared with two control groups, one consisting of infants with malformations not previously linked to valproic acid use (control group 1), and one consisting of infants with chromosomal abnormalities (control group 2). The data set included 98,075 live births, stillbirths, or terminations with malformations among 3.8 million births in 14 European countries from 1995 through 2005. RESULTS: Exposure to valproic acid monotherapy was recorded for a total of 180 registrations, with 122 registrations in the case group, 45 in control group 1, and 13 in control group 2. As compared with no use of an antiepileptic drug during the first trimester (control group 1), use of valproic acid monotherapy was associated with significantly increased risks for 6 of the 14 malformations under consideration; the adjusted odds ratios were as follows: spina bifida, 12.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7 to 20.7); atrial septal defect, 2.5 (95% CI, 1.4 to 4.4); cleft palate, 5.2 (95% CI, 2.8 to 9.9); hypospadias, 4.8 (95% CI, 2.9 to 8.1); polydactyly, 2.2 (95% CI, 1.0 to 4.5); and craniosynostosis, 6.8 (95% CI, 1.8 to 18.8). Results for exposure to valproic acid were similar to results for exposure to other antiepileptic drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The use of valproic acid monotherapy in the first trimester was associated with significantly increased risks of several congenital malformations, as compared with no use of antiepileptic drugs or with use of other antiepileptic drugs.

On wideband deconvolution using wavelet transform

A discussion on the expression proposed in [1]–[3]for deconvolving the wideband density function is presented. Weprove here that such an expression reduces to be proportionalto the wideband correlation receiver output, or continuous wavelettransform of the received signal with respect to the transmittedone. Moreover, we show that the same result has been implicitlyassumed in [1], when the deconvolution equation is derived. Westress the fact that the analyzed approach is just the orthogonalprojection of the density function onto the image of the wavelettransform with respect to the transmitted signal. Consequently,the approach can be considered a good representation of thedensity function only under the prior knowledge that the densityfunction belongs to such a subspace. The choice of the transmittedsignal is thus crucial to this approach.

Screening for wound-induced oxylipins in Arabidopsis thaliana by differential HPLC-APCI/MS profiling of crude leaf extracts and subsequent characterisation by capillary-scale NMR

A simple non-targeted differential HPLC-APCI/MS approach has been developed in order to survey metabolome modifications that occur in the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana following wound-induced stress. The wound-induced accumulation of metabolites, particularly oxylipins, was evaluated by HPLC-MS analysis of crude leaf extracts. A generic, rapid and reproducible pressure liquid extraction procedure was developed for the analysis of restricted leaf samples without the need for specific sample preparation. The presence of various oxylipins was determined by head-to-head comparison of the HPLC-MS data, filtered with a component detection algorithm, and automatically compared with the aid of software searching for small differences in similar HPLC-MS profiles. Repeatability was verified in several specimens belonging to different series. Wound-inducible jasmonates were efficiently highlighted by this non-targeted approach without the need for complex sample preparation as is the case for the 'oxylipin signature' procedure based on GC-MS. Furthermore this HPLC-MS screening technique allowed the isolation of induced compounds for further characterisation by capillary-scale NMR (CapNMR) after HPLC scale-up. In this paper, the screening method is described and applied to illustrate its potential for monitoring polar and non-polar stress-induced constituents as well as its use in combination with CapNMR for the structural assignment of wound-induced compounds of interest

Anchoring of both PKA and 14-3-3 inhibits the Rho-GEF activity of the AKAP-Lbc signaling complex.

A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) target the cAMP-regulated protein kinase (PKA) to its physiological substrates. We recently identified a novel anchoring protein, called AKAP-Lbc, which functions as a PKA-targeting protein as well as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA. We demonstrated that AKAP-Lbc Rho-GEF activity is stimulated by the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein G12. Here, we identified 14-3-3 as a novel regulatory protein interacting with AKAP-Lbc. Elevation of the cellular concentration of cAMP activates the PKA holoenzyme anchored to AKAP-Lbc, which phosphorylates the anchoring protein on the serine 1565. This phosphorylation event induces the recruitment of 14-3-3, which inhibits the Rho-GEF activity of AKAP-Lbc. AKAP-Lbc mutants that fail to interact with PKA or with 14-3-3 show a higher basal Rho-GEF activity as compared to the wild-type protein. This suggests that, under basal conditions, 14-3-3 maintains AKAP-Lbc in an inactive state. Therefore, while it is known that AKAP-Lbc activity can be stimulated by Galpha12, in this study we demonstrated that it is inhibited by the anchoring of both PKA and 14-3-3.

De diaeta studiosorum

Invocatio: I.N.J.

Interação entre temperatura do solo, profundidade de semeadura e tratamento de sementes com fungicida na emergência de plantas de milho

O trabalho avaliou a interação entre temperaturas do solo (13ºC, 15ºC, 17ºC e 19ºC), profundidades de semeadura (2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 cm) e tratamento de semente com fungicida (captan + tiabendazole) na emergência de plantas de milho. Utilizaram-se sementes do híbrido AS 1565 com 22% de incidência de Fusarium verticillioides e solo de lavoura naturalmente infestado. O ensaio foi conduzido em câmaras climatizadas por 25 dias, com contagem diária da emergência. Houve diferença significativa entre sementes tratadas e não tratadas, sendo que quanto menor a temperatura do solo e maior a profundidade de semeadura, maior a resposta ao tratamento de sementes na emergência de plantas. A estabilidade de emergência ocorreu aos 23, 18, 12 e 12 dias após a semeadura respectivamente para 13ºC, 15ºC, 17ºC e 19ºC, mostrando redução na velocidade de emergência nas temperaturas baixas.

Desempenho de fungicidas no controle da mancha-de-macrospora na cultura do milho

A aplicação de fungicidas é uma das estratégias de controle de doenças fúngicas foliares do milho. Não existem, no Brasil, fungicidas registrados para controle da mancha-de-macrospora (MFS). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de 16 fungicidas no controle da MFS de forma protetora, curativa e erradicante. Utilizaram-se fungicidas dos grupos químicos dos benzimidazóis, estrobilurinas e triazóis, isolados ou em misturas, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições de cinco plantas, totalizando 30 plantas por tratamento. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa-de-vegetação, com o híbrido simples AS 1565, com as plantas nos estádios fenológicos de duas a seis folhas expandidas, utilizando um isolado de Stenocarpella macrospora do mesmo híbrido. Para a ação preventiva, curativa e erradicante depositou-se o inóculo no cartucho das plantas 48 horas após, 48 horas antes e dez dias antes da aplicação dos fungicidas, respectivamente. O experimento foi repetido duas vezes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (p<0,05), e as médias dos tratamentos comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott (p<0,05). A severidade foliar estimada da doença foi determinada 21 dias após as inoculações. Todos os fungicidas difereriram significativamente do tratamento testemunha na ação preventiva, curativa e erradicante. Na ação preventiva o controle médio da doença foi de 85%. As misturas de triazóis + estrobilurinas controlaram em média 75% a severidade da doença, enquanto que os produtos isolados como as estrobilurinas reduziram 62%, os benzimidazóis 55% e os triazóis 38% na ação curativa. O menor controle foi obtido na ação erradicativa com redução média de 40,1% da severidade da doença, não havendo diferença significativa entre fungicidas.

Kielitieteet

Kielitieteiden kokoelma sijaitsee Humanistis-kasvatustieteellisessä osastossa (Humanikassa), jossa painettu yleis- ja käsikirjastokokoelma koostuu noin 25000 nimekkeestä (painettujen monografiasarjojen osat mukaan lukien). Kielitieteiden kokoelmasta kartoitettiin seitsemän osa-aluetta. Laajin osa-alue oli yleinen kielitiede, jonka osuus oli 32 % nimekkeistä (7882). Englantilainen filologia 13% (3293 nimekettä), pohjoismaiset kielet 12% (2934 nimekettä), slaavilaiset kielet 11% (2795 nimekettä), suomi ja suomen sukukielet 11,5 % (6744) nimekettä, saksan kieli 9% (2195 nimekettä), romaaniset kielet 6% (1565 nimekettä). Analysoimatonta aineistoa oli 8% (1987 nimekettä). Käsikirjaston kokoelma sisälsi 3360 nimekettä (v. 2008), joista n. 65% oli sanakirjoja, hakuteoksia n. 30% ja n. 5% bibliografioita. Painettuja lehtiä v. 2008 oli 90 nimekettä. Sähkökirjoja kokoelmassa oli n. 1600 Ebrary-tietokannassa, 25 Netlibrary-tietokannassa sekä elektroniset hakuteokset Ethnologue : languages of the world ja Oxford reference online. Verkkolehtiä kokoelmassa oli n. 450. Tietokantoja 22, joista kokotekstitietokantoja oli 14 ja viitetietokantoja 8.

Uuden lintuajan alkukirja

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

L'Univers

1871/09/27 (Numéro 1565).