Studies in search of a suitable experimental insect model for xenodiagnosis of hosts with Chagas' disease: 2 - Attempts to upgrade the reliability and the efficacy of xenodiagnosis in chronic Chagas' disease

In order to upgrade the reliability of xenodiagnosis, attention has been directed towards population dynamics of the parasite, with particular interest for the following factors: 1. Parasite density which by itself is not a research objective, but by giving an accurate portrayal of parasite development and multiplication, has been incorporated in screening of bugs for xenodiagnosis. 2. On the assumption that food availability might increase parasite density, bugs from xenodiagnosis have been refed at biweekly intervals on chicken blood. 3. Infectivity rates and positives harbouring large parasite yields were based on gut infections, in which the parasite population comprised of all developmental forms was more abundant and easier to detect than in fecal infections, thus minimizing the probability of recording false negatives. 4. Since parasite density, low in the first 15 days of infection, increases rapidly in the following 30 days, the interval of 45 days has been adopted for routine examination of bugs from xenodiagnosis. By following the enumerated measures, all aiming to reduce false negative cases, we are getting closer to a reliable xenodiagnostic procedure. Upgrading the efficacy of xenodiagnosis is also dependent on the xenodiagnostic agent. Of 9 investigated vector species, Panstrongylus megistus deserves top priority as a xenodiagnostic agent. Its extraordinary capability to support fast development and vigorous multiplication of the few parasites, ingested from the host with chronic Chagas' disease, has been revealed by the strikingly close infectivity rates of 91.2% vs. 96.4% among bugs engorged from the same host in the chronic and acute phase of the disease respectively (Table V), the latter comporting an estimated number of 12.3 x 10[raised to the power of 3] parasites in the circulation at the time of xenodiagnosis, as reported previously by the authors (1982).

Tyzzeria boae n. sp., (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a New Coccidium from the Kidney of the snake Boa constrictor constrictor (Serpentes: Boidae)

A new species of Tyzzeria is described from the kidney of the snake Boa constrictor constrictor Linnaeus, from the State of Pará, north Brazil. Oocysts from the coacal contents matured in eight days, at approximately 24°C. They measured 19.0 x 18.0 (15.0 x 15.0 - 22.5 x 21.5) µm, shape-index (length/width) 1.0 (1.0 - 1.1). The oocyst wall is of an extremely delicate single, colourless layer, with no micropyle. Division of the oocyst contents into the 8 naked sporozoites leaves a bulky, spherical oocyst residuum averaging 15.5 x 14.8 (13.5 x 13.5 - 18.5 x 17.5) µm; the sporozoites measure an average of 11.0 x 1.8 (8.5 x 1.25 - 12.5 x 2.0) µm, and possess both anterior and posterior refractile bodies. Tyzzeria boae n.sp. is unique among the recorded species of the genus by virtue of its development in the epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules of the kidney: stages in the merogony and gametogony of the parasite are described and figured.

Eimeria peltocephali n. sp., (Apicomplexa:Eimeriidae) from the Freshwater Turtle Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Chelonia:Pelomusidae) and Eimeria molossi n. sp., from the Bat, Molossus ater (Mammalia:Chiroptera)

The oocyst is described of Eimeria peltocephali n.sp. from faeces of the freshwater turtle Peltocephalus dumerilianus from Barcelos, State of Amazonas, Brazil. Sporulation is exogenous and fully developed oocysts are elongate, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, frequently curved to a banana-shape, 54.4 x19.1 (37.5 - 68.7 x 18.7-20.0 µm), shape-index 2.8 (1.8 -3.9). The oocyst wall is a single thin, colourless layer about 1 µm thick, with no micropyle. There is a bulky oocyst residuum, at first spherical to ellipsoidal, 19 x 16 (16. 2 -26.2 x 16 - 21.5µm) , but becoming dispersed on maturation. There are no polar bodies. The sporocysts, 19.1 x 6.8 ( 17.5 -21.2 x 6.2 -7.5 µm), shape- index 2.8 (2.3 -3.2), are usually disposed in pairs at each end of the oocyst, and bear an inconspicuous Stieda body in the form of a flat cap. The sporozoites are elongate and slightly curved around the residuum. No refractile bodies were seen. Eimeria molossi n.sp., is described from the molossid bat Molossus ater. Sporulation is exogenous and the mature oocysts are predominantly broadly ellipsoidal, 23.4 x 17.5 (18-30 x 15-22.5 µm), shape-index 1.3 (1-1.6). The oocyst wall is about 2 µm thick, and of three layers: an inner thin, colourless one and two outer layers which are thicker, yellowish-brown, prominently striated and in close apposition. There is no micropyle or oocyst residuum, but one and occasionally two polar bodies are usually present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 10.2 x 7.5 (10-12.5 x 7.5 µm), shape-index 1.4 (1.3-1.7) with an inconspicuous Stieda body. Endogenous stages are described in the epithelial cells of the small intestine

Analysis of TNFAIP3, a feedback inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB and the neighbor intergenic 6q23 region in rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility

INTRODUCTION Genome-wide association studies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have identified an association of the disease with a 6q23 region devoid of genes. TNFAIP3, an RA candidate gene, flanks this region, and polymorphisms in both the TNFAIP3 gene and the intergenic region are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. We hypothesized that there is a similar association with RA, including polymorphisms in TNFAIP3 and the intergenic region. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we selected tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in both loci. They were analyzed in 1,651 patients with RA and 1,619 control individuals of Spanish ancestry. RESULTS Weak evidence of association was found both in the 6q23 intergenic region and in the TNFAIP3 locus. The rs582757 SNP and a common haplotype in the TNFAIP3 locus exhibited association with RA. In the intergenic region, two SNPs were associated, namely rs609438 and rs13207033. The latter was only associated in patients with anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies. Overall, statistical association was best explained by the interdependent contribution of SNPs from the two loci TNFAIP3 and the 6q23 intergenic region. CONCLUSIONS Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that several RA genetic factors exist in the 6q23 region, including polymorphisms in the TNFAIP3 gene, like that previously described for systemic lupus erythematosus.

Carte géologique des environs des Sards (Vendée) / par A. Rivière ; Écrit par Hellrigel ; Lith. de P. Bineteau

Échelle(s) : [1:10 000], échelle de 1 à 10000

Achaiae nova & accurata descriptio / autore I. Laurenbergio

Échelle(s) : [1:1 000 000 ca] Mil. Germ. 7 [= 4,8 cm], Mil. Gall. 9 [= 4,6 cm], Mil. Ital. 28 [= 4,8 cm], Stadia 250 [= 4,5 cm] (d'après échelles graphiques).

Efeito de ZN, Cd e Cu no comportamento de fungos ectomicorrízicos em meio de cultura

Os fungos ectomicorrízicos são capazes de tolerar concentrações de metais pesados tóxicas às plantas hospedeiras, apesar de serem adversamente influenciados pelo excesso de alguns metais. Avaliou-se o crescimento de um isolado de Pisolithus tinctorius e outro de Suillus bovinus em meio de cultura líquido com doses crescentes de sais de Zn, Cu ou Cd adicionados individualmente em frascos de 125 mL que continham 50 mL de meio Mellin-Norkrans modificado (MNM), em pH 4,8. Os fungos cresceram por 20 dias em câmara de crescimento a 28ºC. O crescimento dos fungos foi inibido com a elevação das concentrações dos metais, porém de forma diferenciada. As concentrações suficientes para inibir 50% do crescimento foram de 2,71 x 10-3 mol L-1 de Zn, 1,18 x 10-3 mol L-1 de Cu e 12,2 x 10-6 mol L-1 de Cd, para o P. tinctorius, e de 2,15 x 10-3 mol L-1 de Zn, 0,12 x 10-3 mol L-1 de Cu e 7,2 x 10-6 mol L-1 de Cd, para o S. bovinus. O efeito inibitório dos metais sobre o crescimento dos fungos seguiu a seguinte ordem decrescente: Cd > Cu > Zn. O isolado de S. bovinus apresentou tolerância ao Zn similar à observada para o P. tinctorius, mas foi menos tolerante que este em relação aos outros dois metais. O crescimento de P. tinctorius foi favorecido por pequena dose de Cu. A produção de pigmentos extracelulares nestes isolados foi estimulada por todos os metais estudados. O P. tinctorius, o mais tolerante, produziu mais pigmentos extracelulares por grama de micélio, o que sugere a relação positiva entre a capacidade de produção de pigmentos e a tolerância aos metais.

Diminuição da humificação da matéria orgânica de um Cambissolo Húmico em plantio direto

O ambiente menos oxidativo do solo em plantio direto diminui o grau de humificação da matéria orgânica. Para testar esta hipótese, avaliou-se a concentração de radicais livres semiquinona (RLS) na matéria orgânica da camada superficial (0-25 mm) de um Cambissolo Húmico, cultivado por 8 anos nos sistemas preparo convencional (PC), preparo reduzido (PR) e plantio direto (PD), em Lages (SC). A concentração de RLS na matéria orgânica foi determinada por ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (EPR) nas frações granulométricas > 53, 53-20, 20-2 e < 2 µm. Na média das frações granulométricas, a concentração de RLS na matéria orgânica do solo foi menor em PD (15,83 x 10(17) spins g-1 C) do que em PC (18,33 x 10(17) spins g-1 C) e PR (18,39 x 10(17) spins g-1 C). A matéria orgânica na fração 20-2 µm apresentou a maior concentração de RLS e a menor largura de linha do sinal de EPR, o que é consistente com um maior grau de humificação e, ou, maior interação com a fração mineral, em comparação às frações > 53 e < 2 µm. Na fração 53-20 µm, os baixos teores de carbono orgânico não permitiram a detecção do sinal de EPR do RLS. Em adição ao efeito nos estoques de matéria orgânica, o PD resulta no decréscimo do grau de humificação, o que pode ter importante implicação na qualidade do solo.

Comparative short-term response and remission rates for tacrolimus, cyclosporine, and infliximab for steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis

BACKGROUND: Calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tcl)) and the anti-TNF-antibody infliximab (IFX) are established therapeutic options in steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). In acute severe UC failing steroids, a randomized trial showed an 85% short term response to CsA or IFX, with avoidance of colectomy. Comparative responses to the three drugs in outpatients with steroid-refractory UC are unknown. METHOD: Response to treatment in patients with steroid-refractory moderate to severe UC was retrospectively studied in three cohorts of patients: Cohort A (n=24) treated with oral Tcl (initially 0.05mg/kg twice daily, aiming for serum trough levels of 5-10 ng/mL); Cohort B (n=19) treated with intravenous CsA 2mg/kg/daily and then oral CsA 5mg/kg/daily; Cohort C. (n= 41) treated with IFX (5mg/kg intravenously at week 0, 2, 6 and then every 8 weeks). After successful rescue therapy with Tcl or CsA, thiopurine maintenance therapy was introduced. The endpoint was evaluation of clinical remission or response at week 6, on the basis of modified Truelove-Witts severity index (MTWSI). RESULTS: After 6 weeks, 42% (10/24) of patients treated with Tcl achieved remission (MTWSI score ≤4) compared to 47% (9/ 19) on CsA and 66% (27/41) of patients treated with IFX (Tcl & CsA vs IFX p=0.127). Clinical response (decrease of MTWSI score of more than 4 points) at week 6 was reached in 25% (6/24) patients on Tcl, compared to 11% (2/19) on CsA and 20% (8/41) given IFX (p=0.484). Subgroup analysis showed the highest rates of remission in those with moderate steroid-refractory UC treated with IFX: 29% (2/7) in Tcl group compared to 50% (2/4) in CsA group and 76 % (19/25) in IFX group (Tcl &CsA vs IFX p= 0.058) Patients with severe colitis showed similar rates of remission in all three groups: 47% (8/17) on Tcl, 47% (7/ 15) on CsA and 50% (8/16) on IFX (p= 0.700). Colectomy within 6 weeks occurred in 4% (1/24) after Tcl, 5% (1/19) after CsA and 0% (0/41) after IFX. Adverse effects in the first 6 weeks were observed in 13% (3/24) on Tcl, 26% (5/19) on CsA, and 10% (4/41) on IFX (p=0.224) CONCLUSION: No significant differences in response, remission, colectomy rate or adverse events between the three agents were found, although the study is too small for definitive conclusions. There are intriguing differences, with potentially greater response to IFX in moderate, steroid-refractory UC.

The prediction of speed and incline in outdoor running in humans using accelerometry.

PURPOSE: To explore whether triaxial accelerometric measurements can be utilized to accurately assess speed and incline of running in free-living conditions. METHODS: Body accelerations during running were recorded at the lower back and at the heel by a portable data logger in 20 human subjects, 10 men, and 10 women. After parameterizing body accelerations, two neural networks were designed to recognize each running pattern and calculate speed and incline. Each subject ran 18 times on outdoor roads at various speeds and inclines; 12 runs were used to calibrate the neural networks whereas the 6 other runs were used to validate the model. RESULTS: A small difference between the estimated and the actual values was observed: the square root of the mean square error (RMSE) was 0.12 m x s(-1) for speed and 0.014 radiant (rad) (or 1.4% in absolute value) for incline. Multiple regression analysis allowed accurate prediction of speed (RMSE = 0.14 m x s(-1)) but not of incline (RMSE = 0.026 rad or 2.6% slope). CONCLUSION: Triaxial accelerometric measurements allows an accurate estimation of speed of running and incline of terrain (the latter with more uncertainty). This will permit the validation of the energetic results generated on the treadmill as applied to more physiological unconstrained running conditions.

Análise da erosividade das chuvas associada aos padrões de precipitação pluvial na região de Ribeirão das Lajes (RJ)

As características físicas das chuvas determinam sua erosividade, que constitui importante fator nas relações de causa e efeito do processo erosivo dos solos, sendo sua caracterização fundamental para o planejamento conservacionista. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a distribuição dos atributos das chuvas (altura precipitada, duração, energia cinética, intensidade máxima em 30 min) e índices de erosividade (EI30 e KE > 25) em relação aos meses do ano e padrões de precipitação pluvial, para uma série de dados pluviográficos referentes à região de Ribeirão das Lajes (RJ). Os dados foram analisados em delineamento inteiramente casualisado em esquema fatorial do tipo 12 (meses) x 3 (padrões), e também, por meio da análise multivariada de componentes principais (ACP). Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível constatar que: o EI30 anual de 6.772,04 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 está concentrado de novembro a março, representando 81,3 % do total. De acordo com a técnica de ACP, as características das chuvas e índices de erosividade que estiveram mais correlacionadas com os meses e padrões de precipitação pluvial, foram: energia cinética, EI30, KE > 25, altura precipitada e I30. Os padrões de precipitação pluvial avançado e atrasado predominam na época mais chuvosa e na mais seca, respectivamente; e a ACP permitiu separar de forma adequada as características das chuvas e erosividade ao longo do ano e padrões de precipitação pluvial para Ribeirão das Lajes.

[Illustrations de Histoire de Berry] / [Non identifié] ; Jean Chaumeau, aut. du texte

Comprend : [Page de titre frontispice avec figures allégoriques et mythologiques. Architecture. Aigle.] [Cote : BNF C31522] ; [Carte entre les pp222-223]. La carte de Berry [Cote : BNF C59825] ; [Planche dépliante p.227]. PI IX. Pourtrait de la ville de Bourges. [Vue de Bourges. Planche attribuée à Jean Arnoullet.] [Cote : BNF C468]

[Illustrations de Promenade de Dieppe aux montagnes d'Ecosse.] / Bory de Vincent [des.] ; Forestier, Desmadryl, Journard [grav.] ; Charles Nodier, aut. du texte

Comprend : [Frontispice : portrait d'un chef de clan Ecossais. XIXè siècle.] Chef de clan. [cote : microfiche m 12456/15129 (1981)] ; [Page de titre : vue d'un château d'Ecosse. XIXè siècle.] [cote : microfiche m 12456/15129 (1981)] ; [Fig. p.15 : vue maritime. Dieppe? XIXè siècle.] [cote : microfiche m 12456/15129 (1981)] ; [pl. en reg. p.212 : végétation des montagnes d'Ecosse. XIXè siècle.] Borrère dorée, Boemice corallifère, Trichomane de Tombridge. [cote : microfiche m 12456/15129 (1981)] ; [pl. en reg. p.219 : végétation des montagnes d'Ecosse. XIXè siècle.] Splachnum Mnioïde, Encalyptre streptocarpe, Bry turbiné. [cote : microfiche m 12456/15129 (1981)] ; [Fig. p.331 : vue d'un paysage de montagnes en Ecosse. XIXè siècle.] [cote : microfiche m 12456/15129 (1981)] ; [Carte : carte de la Grande-Bretagne. XIXè siècle.] [cote : microfiche m 12456/15129 (1981)] ; [Carte : carte de la Grande-Bretagne. Ecosse. XIXè siècle.] [cote : microfiche m 12456/15129 (1981)]

[Illustrations de Le Diable boiteux.] / Magdeleine Horthemels, grav. ; Alain-René Lesage, aut. du texte

Comprend : [Frontispice et page de titre :] El Diablo Voivelo. Le Diable boiteux. [Cote : microfilm R1493]