Osteologia craniana de Platalea ajaja (Linnaeus) (Aves, Ciconiiformes), comparada com outras espécies de Threskiornithidae

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Biologia comparada de Trialeurodes vaporariorum (West.) (Hemiptera - Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) em soja e cinco cultivares de feijão

With the development of greenhouse grown crops, the whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (West.) has become an important pest. Aiming at verifying the effect of host on the development of this species, the biology of the whitefly was studied on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars IAC-Carioca Pyatã, IAPAR-57, Jalo Precoce, IAC-Bico de Ouro, IAC-Maravilha and on soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar Cristalina. The study was conducted at the Laboratório de Entomologia Agrícola - FCA-UNESP, at 25 ± 3°C temperature, 80 ± 10% RH and 14h photophase. The biological parameters assessed were duration, viability and number of nymphal instars; male and female longevity, oviposition period, number of eggs per female and sex ratio; egg viability and incubation period and the life cycle duration. Based on data obtained, fertility life tables were constructed to allow a comparative analysis of the effect of cultivars on the biological development and consequent population growth of this species. The bean cultivars IAC-Maravilha and Jalo Precoce negatively influenced T. vaporariorum development, whereas, the other bean cultivars studied, as well as the soybean cultivar Cristalina, provided good conditions for development of this pest.

Influência da granulometria de grânulos de amido sobre a densidade aparente de extratos atomizados

Starches and modified starch derivations are used as carriers in the spray drying processing where apparent density is an important characteristic and should be controlled in dehydrated products for pharmaceutical use. In Brazil, the commercial starches are made from corn and cassava, but there are others with potential for extraction. The canna and taro starches were selected because they represent the extremes of granule size and thus allow the effect of this size on the apparent density of spray dried products to be tested. For comparison, commercial cassava and corn starches which are used in spray-drying and have granules of intermediate size, were also tested. The spray-drying process was carried out with a LabPlant SD 04 Spray Dryer, operating at a pressure of 6 lb/in2, air of 7,6 mL/minute, and 1 cm atomizing nozzle. The air inlet temperature was set at 200°C this model does not allow regulating outlet temperature. The spray-dryer products had boldo leaf extract as base, using the four starches as carrier. The dry product was evaluated for humidity, water activity (Aw), granulometry and apparent density. The results showed that the size of the particles, which was a consequence of the size of the starch granules, influenced the apparent density of the spray dried products, which as higher (694, 27 g/mL) for the canna starch and lower (456, 13 g/mL) for taro starch. Corn and cassava starches showed very close and intermediate values, 521,51 and 58,48 g/mL, which also represent the standard range of starch granule size.

Cobertura da cultura da soja e deposição de insiticida aplicado com e sem adjuvante e diferentes equipamentos e volumes de calda

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação do efeito antinociceptivo, anti-inflamatório e gastroprotetor do extrato hidroalcoolico das entrecascas de Machaerium hirtum (Vell) Stellfeld

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Farmacologia) - IBB

Efeito do tamanho do alvo e condições operacionais sobre a uniformidade de deposição de pulverizações em pré-emergência

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Efeitos do estádio de desenvolvimento de Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Witch, ângulo de aplicação e tipo de ponta na deposição da calda de pulverização

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Avaliação de sistemas para a aplicação de inseticidas para controle de Aedes aegypti (l.) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Geologia, geomorfologia e morfotectônica da região de Marabá - PA

Pós-graduação em Geologia Regional - IGCE

Filogeografia de Phaethornis bourcieri (Aves:Trochilidae): implicações taxonômicas e biogeográficas

Phaethornis bourcieri é uma espécie de beija-flor que habita o sub-bosque de florestas de terra-firme, distribuindo-se por quase toda Amazônia. Atualmente, duas subespécies alopátricas entre si são consideradas válidas, em P. bourcieri: P. b. bourcieri, P. b. major. Apesar de serem aceitos hoje, os táxons têm sua validade, limites interespecíficos e história evolutiva ainda não completamente elucidados. Com isso, foram utilizados caracteres morfológicos e moleculares para rever a taxonomia e propor uma hipótese filogenética para as populações e táxons agrupados em Phaethornis bourcieri. Nossos resultados mostraram que P. bourcieri faz parte do clado de Phaethornis de bico reto juntamente com P. philippii e P. koepckeae e que a subespécie major é mais próxima das últimas espécies em vez de populações agrupadas como bourcieri. Nossas hipóteses filogenéticas recuperaram três principais clados reciprocamente monofiléticos de P. bourcieri da margem norte do rio Amazonas separados pelos rios Negro e Solimões. Estes clados (juntamente com major) são melhor tratados como espécies biológicas e filogenéticas, para as quais apenas três nomes válidos são aplicáveis. A diversificação do clado de Phaethornis de bico reto (P. bourcieri, P. philippii, e P. koepckeae) está centrado na Amazônia e parece estar intimamente ligado com a formação da drenagem amazônica moderna durante o Plio-Pleistoceno.

Métodos de debicagem em poedeiras comerciais

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Potenciais aves dispersoras de sementes das espécies vegetais zoocóricas da Mata da Bica, Botucatu - SP

The semidecidual forests, as tropical forests, presents zoochoric dispersal syndrome in the most of their plant species, with approximately one third of frugivorous species responsible for the seeds dispersal are birds. The bills width is a limiting factor, it must be equal or bigger than the seeds width, because the viable seeds dispersal depends on leaving the digestive system after been swallowed hole. Birds and plants inventorys were realized in a semidecidual Forest fragment, in Botucatu – SP, called Mata da Bica. After this, the birds consumers of fuits/seeds were selected (frugivorous, granivorous and onivorous) and also the zoochoric plants, both for building a possibilities matrix, to verify the potential seed dispersers according to the seeds and bills width. Going to the matrix end we can observe a decrease in the interaction possibillities, because the seeds width increases and the bills width decreases. It has been observed that 50,7% seeds could be dispersed by all listed birds, because the seeds were narrower than the narrowest bill. In the other way large seeded species, as Holocalix balansae and Hymemaea courbaril has shown only two possible dispersers: Trogon surrucura and Piaya cayana. There are no possible dispersers to Syagrus oleraceae in the matrix. The need for large birds or other animals that works as large seed disperses demand conservation efforts, since most of these animals need big and conserved areas for their life habits

Comportamento de forrageamento de Lochmias Nematura (Aves, Furnariidae)

O joão-porca (Lochmias nematura) é uma ave pertencente à família Furnariidae. Tem coloração predominantemente marrom, com pintas brancas em seu peito e ventre, sua cauda é preta e apresenta o supercílio branco. Habita a margem de córregos e riachos, evitando áreas com maior intensidade de luz. Seu canto é um trinado agudo e forte, que tende a suplantar o ruído gerado pela movimentação da água nesses ambientes. Seu nome popular é decorrente de seus hábitos alimentares: caça artrópodes na margem dos corpos d’água e em poças lamacentas e lodosas. Sua dieta e seu comportamento de caça são pouco conhecidos, o que impulsionou a realização deste estudo. Para tanto realizamos buscas ativas por indivíduos desta espécie ao longo de leitos na Serra do Japi, município de Jundiaí, no entorno da Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade e no Sítio Esperança, município de Rio Claro. Estes locais foram escolhidos devido à facilidade de detecção da espécie. Para tornar as anotações em campo mais rápidas foram utilizadas planilhas com os parâmetros a serem analisados. Os parâmetros analisados foram manobra de captura, manipulação, item alimentar, tamanho em relação ao bicho da ave, distância da margem ao local de captura, substrato de captura e as características principais do substrato e do corpo d’água. Somando-se a isso foram levantadas todas as fotografias postadas no site WikiAves (www.wikiaves.com.br) que mostrassem Lochmias nematura com presas em seu bico, obtendo-se uma dieta mais completa. Isto mostrou que a dieta da espécie é muito mais diversificada do que o previsto pela literatura aferido através da dissecção estomacal. Seus principais itens alimentares são aranhas, oligoquetos, decápodes, larvas de tricópteros, larvas de odonatos, coleópteros, formigas, girinos e até mesmo anuros adultos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Chemical and biological characterisation of Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld: absence of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity and possible chemopreventive potential

Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld (M.hirtum) is a plant known as 'jacarandá-bico-de-pato' whose bark is commonly used against diarrhea, cough and cancer. The aim of this study was to phytochemically characterise the hydroethanolic extract of this plant, investigate its antimutagenic activities using the Ames test and evaluate its effects on cell viability, genomic instability, gene expression and cell protection in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Antimutagenic activity was assessed by simultaneous pre- and post-treatment with direct and indirect mutagens, such as 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD), mitomycin C (MMC), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), using the Ames test, cytokinesis blocking micronucleus and apoptosis assays. Only 3 of the 10 concentrations evaluated in the MTT assay were cytotoxic in HepG2 cells. Micronucleated or apoptotic cells were not observed with any of the tested concentrations, and there were no mutagenic effects in the bacterial system. However, the Nuclear Division Index and flow cytometry data showed a decrease in cell proliferation. The extract showed an inhibitory effect against direct (NPD) and indirect mutagens (B[a]P and AFB1). Furthermore, pre- and post-treated cells showed significant reduction in the number of apoptotic and micronucleated cells. This effect is not likely to be associated with the modulation of antioxidant genes, as shown by the RT-qPCR results. Six known flavonoids were identified in the hydroethanolic extract of Machaerium hirtum leaves, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrophotometric methods. The presence of the antioxidants apigenin and luteolin may explain these protective effects, because these components can inhibit the formation of reactive species and prevent apoptosis and DNA damage. In conclusion, the M.hirtum extract showed chemopreventive potential and was not hazardous at the tested concentrations in the experiments presented here. Moreover, this extract should be investigated further as a chemopreventive agent.

Influência de aspectos técnicos e anatômicos nos índices de fertilidade baseado no desempenho da inseminação artificial

The aim of this work was to examine both the influence of anatomical and technical aspects on fertility rate of sheep based on the performance of transcervical artificial insemination (TCAI). Transcervical artificial insemination was performed with traction of the cervix in 122 ewes using frozen semen from 11 rams, both Santa Ines breed. The data collected were: type of external cervical opening (CO) (P - papilla; FL - flap; DB - duckbill, S - spiral; RO - rosette), duration of cervical manipulation (2-3, 4-5 and 6-7 minutes), degree of difficulty in cervical transposition (low, moderate, high) and presumed semen deposition site (SC - superficial cervical; DC - deep cervical; IU - intrauterine). The influence of these variables on pregnancy rate was evaluated. Cervical opening type and duration of cervical manipulation had no influence (p>0.05) on fertility. The degree of difficulty in cervical manipulation influenced (p<0.05) pregnancy rate, since insemination classified as low grade had 52% of pregnancy, while those classified as high recorded only 20%. The presumed site of semen deposition influenced significantly (p<0.05) fertility. Pregnancy rates of deposition at each site were: UI – 45.8%, DC – 25.7%; SC – 15.4%. As expected, deeper depositions resulted in higher fertility. In conclusion, the performance of TCAI did not depend on the anatomical classification of external cervical opening of ewe and the duration of cervical manipulation within the range tested (2-7 minutes). The TCAI may have higher fertility rates if difficulties in the application were reduced and the semen deposition was deeper.