Sistema de votació electrònica sobre corbes el·líptques amb mescla de vots mitjançant Random Group Full Checking

L'objectiu del treball és dissenyar i implementar un sistema de simulació de votació electrònica, emprant una adaptació sobre corbes el·líptiques del criptosistema ElGamal, per tal d'estudiar-ne la viabilitat, centrant l'atenció en temes de seguretat, especialment en el procés de mescla de vots per tal de desvincular un vot de la persona que l'ha emès.

Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group.

BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Clarity and uniformity in defining these infections are important factors in improving the quality of clinical studies. A standard set of definitions strengthens the consistency and reproducibility of such studies. METHODS: After the introduction of the original European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group definitions, advances in diagnostic technology and the recognition of areas in need of improvement led to a revision of this document. The revision process started with a meeting of participants in 2003, to decide on the process and to draft the proposal. This was followed by several rounds of consultation until a final draft was approved in 2005. This was made available for 6 months to allow public comment, and then the manuscript was prepared and approved. RESULTS: The revised definitions retain the original classifications of "proven," "probable," and "possible" invasive fungal disease, but the definition of "probable" has been expanded, whereas the scope of the category "possible" has been diminished. The category of proven invasive fungal disease can apply to any patient, regardless of whether the patient is immunocompromised, whereas the probable and possible categories are proposed for immunocompromised patients only. CONCLUSIONS: These revised definitions of invasive fungal disease are intended to advance clinical and epidemiological research and may serve as a useful model for defining other infections in high-risk patients.

Cryptic diversity among Western Palearctic tree frogs: postglacial range expansion, range limits, and secondary contacts of three European tree frog lineages (Hyla arborea group).

We characterize divergence times, intraspecific diversity and distributions for recently recognized lineages within the Hyla arborea species group, based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences from 160 localities spanning its whole distribution. Lineages of H. arborea, H. orientalis, H. molleri have at least Pliocene age, supporting species level divergence. The genetically uniform Iberian H. molleri, although largely isolated by the Pyrenees, is parapatric to H. arborea, with evidence for successful hybridization in a small Aquitanian corridor (southwestern France), where the distribution also overlaps with H. meridionalis. The genetically uniform H. arborea, spread from Crete to Brittany, exhibits molecular signatures of a postglacial range expansion. It meets different mtDNA clades of H. orientalis in NE-Greece, along the Carpathians, and in Poland along the Vistula River (there including hybridization). The East-European H. orientalis is strongly structured genetically. Five geographic mitochondrial clades are recognized, with a molecular signature of postglacial range expansions for the clade that reached the most northern latitudes. Hybridization with H. savignyi is suggested in southwestern Turkey. Thus, cryptic diversity in these Pliocene Hyla lineages covers three extremes: a genetically poor, quasi-Iberian endemic (H. molleri), a more uniform species distributed from the Balkans to Western Europe (H. arborea), and a well-structured Asia Minor-Eastern European species (H. orientalis).

Changes in patterns of practice for prostate cancer radiotherapy in Italy 1995-2003. A survey of the Prostate Cancer Study Group of the Italian Radiation Oncology Society.

Aims and background. In 2002, a survey including 1759 patients treated from 1980 to 1998 established a "benchmark" Italian data source for prostate cancer radiotherapy. This report updates the previous one. Methods. Data on clinical management and outcomes of 3001 patients treated in 15 centers from 1999 through 2003 were analyzed and compared with those of the previous survey. Results. Significant differences in clinical management (-10% had abdominal ma-gnetic resonance imaging; +26% received ≥70 Gy, +48% conformal radiotherapy, -20% pelvic radiotherapy) and in G3-4 toxicity rates (-3.8%) were recorded. Actuarial 5-year overall, disease-specific, clinical relapse-free, and biochemical relapse-free survival rates were 88%, 96%, 96% and 88%, respectively. At multivariate analysis, D'Amico risk categories significantly impacted on all the outcomes; higher radiotherapy doses were significantly related with better overall survival rates, and a similar trend was evident for disease-specific and biochemical relapse-free survival; cumulative probability of 5-year late G1-4 toxicity was 24.8% and was significantly related to higher radiotherapy doses (P <0.001). Conclusions. The changing patterns of practice described seem related to an improvement in efficacy and safety of radiotherapy for prostate cancer. However, the impact of the new radiotherapy techniques should be prospectively evaluated.

Internal test sets studies in a group of antimalarials

Topological indices have been applied to build QSAR models for a set of 20 antimalarial cyclic peroxy cetals. In order to evaluate the reliability of the proposed linear models leave-n-out and Internal Test Sets (ITS) approaches have been considered. The proposed procedure resulted in a robust and consensued prediction equation and here it is shown why it is superior to the employed standard cross-validation algorithms involving multilinear regression models

Traduir i interpretar les llengües de la immigració a Catalunya: cap a la formació i acreditació d’un perfil professional emergent

El projecte que sol•licitem és el resultat natural d’una recerca iniciada l’any 2008 pel grup de recerca MIRAS (Mediació i Interpretació: Recerca en l’Àmbit Social) de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. La recerca del grup MIRAS ha tingut com a objectiu general, durant els darrers dos anys, la definició del perfil professional del traductor/intèrpret als serveis públics. Aquesta figura emergent i encara poc reconeguda al nostre país va començar a sorgir a partir del boom migratori de les darreres dècades a Catalunya com a resposta als problemes de comunicació freqüents entre la població nouvinguda i els serveis públics locals. Per a assolir l’objectiu esmentat, la primera fase de la recerca del grup MIRAS s’ha centrat en el disseny, distribució, buidatge, anàlisi i creuament de dades de 250 qüestionaris semioberts dirigits als tres principals agents implicats en la interacció comunicativa que estudiem: els traductors/intèrprets, els usuaris i els proveïdors dels serveis. Els resultats d’aquest estudi han demostrat, entre d’altres qüestions rellevants, la manca d’una formació específica per als traductors/intèrprets als serveis públics, així com una absència de regulació de la professió que aquests exerceixen. Un cop realitzat aquest primer estudi pilot, i en vista dels resultats obtinguts, ens sembla doncs evident que el següent pas de la nostra recerca ha d’anar orientat cap a la formació i regulació professional dels traductors/intèrprets als serveis públics. En concret, en el projecte que sol•licitem ens proposem dissenyar una formació especialitzada per a traductors/intèrprets als serveis públics que compleixi amb els següents tres prerequisits: a) estar oberta a tot tipus de persones, independentment del seu nivell d’estudis; b) oferir un ampli ventall de llengües, principalment les llengües de la immigració a Catalunya (per a una primera selecció d’aquestes llengües, vegeu informe demogràfic de la SIM de l’1 de gener de 2010 i resultats de l’estudi pilot de MIRAS), i c) conduir a una acreditació nacional que reguli l’exercici de la professió de traductor/intèrpret als serveis públics de Catalunya. La implementació d’un sistema d’acreditació, segon objectiu del projecte que presentem, és essencial ja que no només permetrà la regulació d’una professió fins avui poc o mal definida, sinó que també garantirà la qualitat dels serveis oferts per aquests professionals en el futur.

Administració pública electronica i immigracio: una nova oportunitat per una societat xarxa catalana inclusiva

Aquest projecte explora dues dinàmiques socials interrelacionades: a) L'increment de la diversitat cultural al territori català i la necessitat d'implementar polítiques públiques per millorar la convivència i la cohesió social. b) El desenvolupament de la societat xarxa catalana mitjançant la disseminació de les noves tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació en I'espai de I'administració pública. Mes en concret, el projecte aborda la qüestió de la participació de les persones immigrades en la societat xarxa catalana mitjançant una metodologia que combina la investigació online i offline. Es posa un especial èmfasi en I'estudi de I ‘accés i ús dels serveis oferts per I'administració pública electrònica de les persones immigrades a Catalunya. Els nous usuaris i usuàries dels serveis públics presenten condicionants i necessitats particulars que depenen del seu origen cultural i de la seva situació administrativa. Aquest projecte estudia el grau d'adequació de la e-Administració a les demandes i necessitats especifiques d'aquest grup de població. En aquest sentit, I'estudi explora les possibilitats per a poder promoure la cohesió social mitjançant el desenvolupament d'una administració pública electronica mes inclusiva i interactiva a Catalunya. L’anàlisi de I'adaptació i adopció de I'administració electrònica catalana en el context de la població immigrada s'ha fet des d'un doble camí metodològic. D' una banda, s'ha realitzat una incursió en com I'administració pública catalana, tant local com autonòmica, s'ha adaptat a la diversitat dels seus usuaris mitjançant I'observació de webs i entrevistes a responsables tècnics i polítics. D'altra banda, s'han fet entrevistes amb persones immigrades amb perfils socio-culturals diversos. podem apuntar que I'administració pública electrònica a Catalunya es una realitat per a moltes persones immigrades que ja han provat de fer-la servir per a usos socialment importants. Existeixen, però, impediments tant des de la pròpia dinàmica de I'administració, que no ha posat aquesta qüestió en un lloc prioritari, com des de les persones que desconfien dels seus propis coneixements i no sempre troben allò que busquen. Amb tot, ens trobem amb un espai que obre expectatives de futur molt amplies. Un espai molt idoni per a repensar les formes que exigeixen els reptes de la nova ciutadania

Defining responses to therapy and study outcomes in clinical trials of invasive fungal diseases: Mycoses Study Group and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus criteria.

Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) have become major causes of morbidity and mortality among highly immunocompromised patients. Authoritative consensus criteria to diagnose IFD have been useful in establishing eligibility criteria for antifungal trials. There is an important need for generation of consensus definitions of outcomes of IFD that will form a standard for evaluating treatment success and failure in clinical trials. Therefore, an expert international panel consisting of the Mycoses Study Group and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer was convened to propose guidelines for assessing treatment responses in clinical trials of IFDs and for defining study outcomes. Major fungal diseases that are discussed include invasive disease due to Candida species, Aspergillus species and other molds, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Coccidioides immitis. We also discuss potential pitfalls in assessing outcome, such as conflicting clinical, radiological, and/or mycological data and gaps in knowledge.

Assessing AIDS/HIV prevention: what do we know in Europe?

An EC concerted action on the assessment of AIDS/HIV prevention strategies was conducted between 1989 and 1992. The aim of this concerted action (CA) was to bring together researchers who are active in this assessment field, make an initial appraisal of the results of AIDS prevention efforts, in various population groups in Europe and develop an assessment methodology. Five areas of study were selected for the CA: the population as a whole ("general population"), men who have sexual relations with other men, intravenous drug users, migrant populations, monitoring of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) to determine changes in behaviour. For each of these areas, a working group composed of the leading researchers in the field in Europe was constituted and commissioned by the project administration and coordination team to collate and analyse data on prevention efforts and their assessment in different countries of Europe. This review presents the main results from the groups responsible in each area in the concerted action. A number of general conclusions from the results of this concerted action are drawn.

Red blood cell microparticles and blood group antigens: an analysis by flow cytometry.

BACKGROUND: The storage of blood induces the formation of erythrocytes-derived microparticles. Their pathogenic role in blood transfusion is not known so far, especially the risk to trigger alloantibody production in the recipient. This work aims to study the expression of clinically significant blood group antigens on the surface of red blood cells microparticles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Red blood cells contained in erythrocyte concentrates were stained with specific antibodies directed against blood group antigens and routinely used in immunohematology practice. After inducing erythrocytes vesiculation with calcium ionophore, the presence of blood group antigens was analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The expression of several blood group antigens from the RH, KEL, JK, FY, MNS, LE and LU systems was detected on erythrocyte microparticles. The presence of M (MNS1), N (MNS2) and s (MNS4) antigens could not be demonstrated by flow cytometry, despite that glycophorin A and B were identified on microparticles using anti-CD235a and anti-MNS3. DISCUSSION: We conclude that blood group antigens are localized on erythrocytes-derived microparticles and probably keep their immunogenicity because of their capacity to bind specific antibody. Selective segregation process during vesiculation or their ability to elicit an immune response in vivo has to be tested by further studies.

Distributed all-atom simulations of intrinsically unstructured proteins

The Computational Biophysics Group at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (GRIB-UPF) hosts two unique computational resources dedicated to the execution of large scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations: (a) the ACMD molecular-dynamics software, used on standard personal computers with graphical processing units (GPUs); and (b) the GPUGRID. net computing network, supported by users distributed worldwide that volunteer GPUs for biomedical research. We leveraged these resources and developed studies, protocols and open-source software to elucidate energetics and pathways of a number of biomolecular systems, with a special focus on flexible proteins with many degrees of freedom. First, we characterized ion permeation through the bactericidal model protein Gramicidin A conducting one of the largest studies to date with the steered MD biasing methodology. Next, we addressed an open problem in structural biology, the determination of drug-protein association kinetics; we reconstructed the binding free energy, association, and dissaciociation rates of a drug like model system through a spatial decomposition and a Makov-chain analysis. The work was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and become one of the few landmark papers elucidating a ligand-binding pathway. Furthermore, we investigated the unstructured Kinase Inducible Domain (KID), a 28-peptide central to signalling and transcriptional response; the kinetics of this challenging system was modelled with a Markovian approach in collaboration with Frank Noe’s group at the Freie University of Berlin. The impact of the funding includes three peer-reviewed publication on high-impact journals; three more papers under review; four MD analysis components, released as open-source software; MD protocols; didactic material, and code for the hosting group.