The Bison: 1996

This digital object was funded in part through a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The digitalization of this object was part of a collaborative effort with the Washington Research Library Consortium and George Washington University.

Dr. Ralph Garber, Canada, President of IASSW 1988 - 1996

A fully revealing portrait of Ralph Garber would require a latter-day Boswell. As ordained, however, an attempt must be made to create a recognizable word picture. And it must give initial attention to the range of influences and factors in Ralph Garber's inheritance and environment that, throughout his life, he experienced, absorbed and utilized in his remarkably creative career.

Lena Dominelli (United Kingdom), President 1996 - 2004

Professor Lena Dominelli is one of those people whose passion for social justice has made a significant difference to the lives of many people and to her profession, social work. If you have ever spent time with her, as I have done, you will know that she simply never stops. She has ideas for what must be done immediately to address current injustices and also proposes strategies for the long term. She takes action on the basis of her ideas, bringing in whoever might be able to help at a given moment on a particular issue. She draws you in with her unwavering optimism and her practical solutions and before long you find yourself in the midst of accomplishing what appeared to be impossible. A social worker par excellence.

Dr. Ralph Garber (Canada), President 1988 - 1996

A fully revealing portrait of Ralph Garber would require a latter-day Boswell. As ordained, however, an attempt must be made to create a recognizable word picture. And it must give initial attention to the range of influences and factors in Ralph Garber's inheritance and environment that, throughout his life, he experienced, absorbed and utilized in his remarkably creative career.

Management Intensive Grazing of Stockers at the Andrew Jackson Demonstration Farm (1996 – 1998)

The Andrew Jackson Demonstration Farm (AJDF) is located in central Jackson County in east central Iowa. A board of directors operates the farm for the purpose of demonstrating different production practices and management strategies. From 1996 to 1998 management intensive grazing practices and the grazing of stockers on a combination of permanent and tillable pasture have been demonstrated. Grazing strategies or practices demonstrated during these years included establishment of Eastern Gamagrass and Big Bluestem, variable density grazing, measuring forage on-offer, estimating dry matter intake, grazing corn, pasture renovation, and fencing and water systems. Production performance data were gathered for the three years stockers that were grazed. During this time the stockers averaged 121 animal days of grazing, a 1.1 head per acre stocking rate, a 1.85 pound average daily gain, and 228 pounds of gain per acre. The financial measures evaluated the value of gain on pasture and the pasture cost of the gain. The value of gain per pound was positive for 1996 and 1997 at $.58 and $.52 whereas in 1998 it was a -$.04. Pasture costs per pound of gain ranged from $.12 to $.16. Production performance is only one part of the profit picture when evaluating a stocker operation. Buysell margins are the other significant part that can greatly impact the profit potential of a summer grazing program.

Determinanten der Studierbereitschaft in Ostdeutschland. Eine empirische Anwendung der Humankapital- und Werterwartungstheorie am Beispiel sächsischer Abiturienten in den Jahren 1996 und 1998

Ausgangspunkt der empirischen Untersuchung ist die seit dem Zusammenbruch der DDR rückläufige Studierneigung ostdeutscher Abiturienten. Diese Entwicklung wird anhand der Humankapital- und Werterwartungstheorie zu erklären versucht. Demnach hängt die Studierneigung eines Individuums vom antizipierten Nutzen eines Studiums, von den erwarteten Kosten und der subjektiv eingeschätzeten Wahrscheinlichkeit, aufgrund eigener schulischer Leistungen erfolgreich studieren zu können, ab. Daraus wird die These abgeleitet, dass die Studierneigung wegen subjektiv wahrgenommener sinkender Bildungsnutzen und gleichzeitig antizipierter steigender Bildungskosten in der Zeit abgenommen hat. Für die empirische Überprüfung dieser These werden Querschnittsinformationen über sächsische Abiturienten der beiden Abschlussjahrgänge 1996 und 1998 herangezogen. Bei Kontrolle der sozialen Herkunft und des Geschlechts dieser befragten Abiturienten bestätigen die empirischen Befunde die These über die Veränderung in den subjektiv bewerteten Kosten-Nutzen-Relationen für oder gegen ein Studium nur teilweise. Ausschlaggebend für die abnehmende Studierwilligkeit ist die zunehmend ungünstige Einschätzung der beruflichen Verwertbarkeit eines Studiums. Offensichtlich lassen sich einerseits Abiturienten aus unteren und zunehmend auch aus mittleren Sozialschichten und andererseits Abiturientinnen wegen ungünstiger Arbeitsmarktentwicklungen vom Studium abschrecken.

Family Preservation Journal, Winter 1996, Volume 1. (Entire issue)

Entire issue (large pdf file) Articles include: Improving Family Functioning through Family Preservation Services: Results of the Los Angeles Experiment. Family Preservation Journal. William Meezan and Jacquelyn McCroskey Idiographic Self-Monitoring Instruments to Empower Client Participation and Evaluate Outcome in Intensive Family Preservation Services. Barbara Peo Early Evaluating Family Preservation in Nevada: A University-State Agency Collaboration. Christine Bitoni and Joy Salmon The Family Partners Credit Card: A Token Economy System Adapted for Intensive Family Preservation Services to Enable Families to Manage Difficult Behavior of Adolescents. Jude Nichols and Barbara Peo Early Toward the Development of Ethical Guidelines for Family Preservation. David A Dosser Jr., Richard J. Shaffer, Michaux M. Shaffer, DeVault Clevenger, and Dustin K. Jefferies

Congential syphilis in Harris County, Texas, 1993--1996

The specific aims of this study were to: (1) To determine the incidence of congenital syphilis (CS) for the 1993-96 birth cohorts in Houston/Harris County, based on the newly revised 1989 CS surveillance definition in Houston/Harris County, Texas; (2) To study the distribution of selected variables listed in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Congenital Syphilis Case Investigation and Report Form for the reported cases of CS; (3) To ascertain the relationships of maternal demographic factors, geographic distribution, and provision and utilization of prenatal care, associated with reported congenital syphilis delivery.^ This was a descriptive study analyzing reported cases of congenital syphilis in Houston/Harris, County, TX during the years 1993-96 using the data recorded on the CDC's Congenital Syphilis Case Investigation and Report forms. The population included infants delivered during 1993-96 who were diagnosed with congenital syphilis, using the revised 1990 criteria of the CDC. This study examined the risk factors associated with the occurrence of congenital syphilis in Harris County where the prevalence of maternal syphilis infection (13.7/100,000/1995) is high. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) ^

Source of health insurance and immunization rates: Findings from the 1996 Texas immunization survey

This study was a further investigation of the 1996 Texas Immunization Survey conducted by the Associateship for Disease Control and Prevention of the Texas Department of Health. The 1996 survey was conducted through 4,599 completed telephone interviews of families with a child between the ages of 3–35 months concerning the immunization status of Texas children. The present study determined differences in immunization rates for children aged 3–35 months for the last shot in the immunization series that should be completed before 2 years of age, a total of four shots, both overall and for different health insurance groups. Life tables were used to determine the percentage and distribution over time of completed vaccination rates for each shot. Emphasis was placed on the proportion of children that were immunized at the end of the recommended range of the immunization schedule, and at 2 years of age. Univariate and multivariate analysis was also performed in order to ascertain which risk factors predict whether or not a child will be immunized. RESULTS: Between 80–90% were immunized for the last shot of Hepatitis B; Measles, Mumps, and Rubella; and Polio at 2 years of age. Approximately 2/3 of the sample was immunized for Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus. Most of the children were immunized by the end of the recommended range of the immunization schedule except for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella. Children of parents with private indemnity insurance were significantly more likely to have received two of the four shots; children of uninsured parents were significantly less likely to have received three of the four shots. In multivariate analysis, maternal education was the only variable that consistently predicted immunization status for the different shots. Results indicate that a substantial gap exists for immunization rates between children with private insurance and uninsured children, despite recent policy changes to provide immunizations free of charge. Health care providers should pay extra attention to the poor and uninsured to make sure that all children receive timely immunizations. ^

The Olive Tree, Vol. 4 Number 1, 1996

The Winter 1996 issue of The Olive Tree features articles about library projects, collections, technological innovations, and events at Fogler Library, University of Maine.

Hydrographic Conditions Off Northern Chile During the 1996-1998 La Niña and El Niño Events

The evolution of oceanographic conditions in the upwelling region off northern Chile (18 degrees-24 degrees S) between 1996 and 1998 (including the 1997-1998 El Niño) is presented using hydrographic measurements acquired on quarterly cruises of the Chilean Fisheries Institute, with sea surface temperature (SST), sea level, and wind speeds from Arica (18.5 degrees S), Iquique (20.5 degrees S), and Antofagasta (23.5 degrees S) and a time series of vertical temperature profiles off Iquique. Spatial patterns of sea surface temperature and salinity from May 1996 to March 1997 followed a normal seasonal progression, though conditions were anomalously cool and fresh. Starting in March 1997, positive anomalies in sea level and sea surface temperature propagated along the South American coast to 37 degrees S. Maximum sea level anomalies occurred in two peaks in May-July 1997 and October 1997 to February 1998, separated by a relaxation period. Maximum anomalies (2 degrees C and 0.1 practical salinity units (psu)) extended to 400 m in December 1997 within 50 km of the coast. March 1998 presented the largest surface anomalies (> 4 degrees C and 0.6 psu). Strong poleward flow (20-35 cm s(-1) ) occurred to 400 m or deeper during both sea level maxima and weaker (10 cm s(-1) ) equatorward flow followed each peak. By May 1998, SST had returned to the climatological mean, and flow was equatorward next to the coast. However, offshore salinity remained anomalously high owing to a tongue of subtropical water extending southeast along the Peruvian coast. Conditions off northern Chile returned to normal between August and December 1998. The timing of the anomalies suggests a connection to equatorial waves. The progression of the 1997-1998 El Niño was very similar to that of 1982-1983, though with different timing with respect to seasons.