938 resultados para silagem de capim


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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

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This research evaluated corn grains with flint and dent texture (ensiled high-moisture or dried), submitted to grinding degrees, using the in situ ruminal degradation technique. Three rumen canulated adult sheeps were used in a complete randomized design, using a factorial outline 2 x 2 x 3, with two corn hybrids (flint and dent texture), two conservation methods (ensiled high-moisture and dry) and three grinding degress (whole, coarsely and finely ground, corresponding to the sieve of 12; 10 and 8 mm). Starch soluble fraction (A) of the dent hybrid ensiled corn grains was greater comparing to the dry materials and in both conservation forms this fraction was reduced in the flint texture hybrid, while the insoluble fraction potentially degradable (B) the opposite occurred. The degradation potential was higher in grains ensiled in two textures. The ensiled allowed more starch effective degradation in relation to dry grain in two textures and the grains dent texture hybrid also increased such degradation in both conservation methods. The dent texture and the ensiled high-moisture grains proved the best option considering the starch degradability. Regardless of the conservation forms, the grains of corn hybrid flint texture should be finely ground, for providing higher ruminal degradation, while for the dent texture hybrid, the coarsely and whole grinding are the most suitable for ensiled and dry grain, respectively.

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One of the factors that affect the control of brown - roots environmental bedbug is the wide availability of plant species. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the migration of nymphs of the brown - roots between plant species of economic importance and invasive stinkbug. Eight species of plants have been established in a set formed by eight circular PVC containers, connected symmetrically with free communication to a central circular container. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design and consisted of eight treatments and six replications. The test evaluations were performed on 15o , 30o , 45o and 60o days after the release of the nymphs, by counting the insects that migrated to the roots of different plants. It was observed that by the 30o day of early release nymphs, no significant differences (P < 0,05) in the choices nymph by plants. B. alata at 15 days of initial release and B. alata and grass-dictyoneura at 30 days were plants that had higher migration. All counts were carried out on 45o and 60o days, the migration of U. brizantha cv. Marandu presented significantly higher than all other species tested plants nymphs.

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Due to its nutritional characteristics sorghum has been indicated as substitute cereal to corn and wheat. Besides, in Brazil sorghum is not used for human feeding unlike corn, witch reduces its costs in almost 20% in comparison to corn costs. This research was conducted at UNESP, in Botucatu and Jaboticabal Campus, São Paulo, Brazil, with the purpose to evaluate the grinding effect on two sorghum genotypes grain (with and without tannin) preserved dry or ensiled humid above the degradability in situ of the dry matter, crude protein and starch. Three rumen fistulated sheep were used, distributed in an experimental block design, at 2 x 2 x 3 factorial outline, with two sorghum genotypes (with and without tannin), two forms of conservation (dry grain and high moisture grains silage) and three grinding ways (undivided, thick grinding and fine grinding) and the time as sub-portion. According to the results the grinding is recommended to sorghum grains because it increases the ruminal and effective degradability of the dry matter, crude protein and starch. The presence of tannin in sorghum grain changed the degrability potential of crude protein and starch. The thick grinding in dry grain without tannin was the better treatment.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of processing two corn hybrids conserved, dry and humid grains, the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability in situ. The particle size was determined and difference was verified in MGD (Medium Geometric Diameter) of processed ingredients. Three sheep were used with rumen canulated, in a completely randomized design, using a factorial outline 2 x 2 x 3, being two corn hybrid, two conservation methods and three processing forms (whole, coarsely and finely ground), with five times of incubation (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours). The fraction A in SDC (silage of dent corn) of DM was superior to GDC (grain of dent corn) in all of the particles size. The ensiling process increased the DM solubility, reducing the fraction B in comparison to dry grain. The values regarding the fractions DP and DE the 5% per hour of the protein, were larger for SDC and GDC, it presents a decreasing when the incubation time advances. The fermentation rate was superior for SDC and GDC. The ensiling process has positive effect in the decreasing of DM and CP in comparison to GDC.

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The aim of this study was to correlate the chemical control efficacy in post-emergence of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. (signal grass) and Brachiaria plantaginea Hitchc. (alexandergrass) through ACCase-inhibitor enzyme herbicide application in function of the stage of development of the plant in order to contribute to the chemical management of these weed species. B. decumbens and B. plantaginea were sown in plastic pots filled with soil and kept in a greenhouse. For chemical control evaluation, the following herbicides were tested (g ha-1): fluazifop-p-butyl at 150, haloxyfop-methyl at 50, and sethoxydim at 230. The herbicides were applied in all three plant development phases: stage 1 (plants presenting 4-6 leaves at 15 days after emergence), stage 2 (plants presenting 3-4 tillers at 23 days after emergence), and stage 3 (adult plants in the beginning of flowering at 48 days after emergence). Evaluations were done at 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, and 28 days after herbicide application. The developmental stage of the two Brachiaria species was instrumental in the efficiency of the control provided by different herbicides. Sethoxydim was the most efficient herbicide in controlling Brachiaria species in the three evaluated development stages.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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O uso de plantas medicinais por mulheres grávidas e em período de lactação é uma prática comum em diversos países. Entretanto, muitas plantas medicinais são contra-indicadas durante a gravidez e amamentação devido a vários efeitos adversos que podem apresentar, como embriotoxicidade, teratogenicidade e efeitos abortivos. Esse fato acaba expondo essas mulheres, seus fetos e bebês, a riscos de saúde desconhecidos. Assim, a proposta desse trabalho foi analisar a percepção a respeito do uso de plantas medicinais por mulheres grávidas e lactantes na ONG Bebê a Bordo, em Araraquara, São Paulo, entre 2013 e 2014. O grupo foi constituído por 96 mulheres ao todo, entre o primeiro e o último trimestre de gestação. Os dados foram coletados em encontros com grupos de gestantes utilizando questionários como roteiro e também através de entrevista oral. Esse estudo promove uma análise de natureza qualitativa. Os resultados foram baseados nos relatos de mulheres grávidas sobre o uso de plantas medicinais, a indicação de uso e conhecimento dos riscos avindos do uso. Todas as participantes foram informadas oralmente e por escrito sobre o estudo e assinaram um termo de consentimento. O uso de plantas medicinais é uma realidade entre as mulheres gestantes e lactantes da ONG Bebê a Bordo. Elas reportaram acreditar que produtos naturais não oferecem perigo à saúde. As principais fontes de informação sobre o uso de plantas medicinais durante a gravidez são familiares, vizinhos, amigos e internet. As plantas mais citadas são: hortelã, camomila, boldo, capim-cidreira e erva-doce. Tais plantas eram indicadas para náusea, indigestão, gases, constipação, ansiedade, e também para produzir leite. As mulheres gestantes e lactantes demonstraram que falta conhecimento sobre os riscos à saúde que as plantas medicinais e os medicamentos fitoterápicos podem oferecer nessas fases. Elas também comentaram sobre as dificuldades em...

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O uso de plantas medicinais por mulheres grávidas e em período de lactação é uma prática comum em diversos países. Entretanto, muitas plantas medicinais são contra-indicadas durante a gravidez e amamentação devido a vários efeitos adversos que podem apresentar, como embriotoxicidade, teratogenicidade e efeitos abortivos. Esse fato acaba expondo essas mulheres, seus fetos e bebês, a riscos de saúde desconhecidos. Assim, a proposta desse trabalho foi analisar a percepção a respeito do uso de plantas medicinais por mulheres grávidas e lactantes na ONG Bebê a Bordo, em Araraquara, São Paulo, entre 2013 e 2014. O grupo foi constituído por 96 mulheres ao todo, entre o primeiro e o último trimestre de gestação. Os dados foram coletados em encontros com grupos de gestantes utilizando questionários como roteiro e também através de entrevista oral. Esse estudo promove uma análise de natureza qualitativa. Os resultados foram baseados nos relatos de mulheres grávidas sobre o uso de plantas medicinais, a indicação de uso e conhecimento dos riscos avindos do uso. Todas as participantes foram informadas oralmente e por escrito sobre o estudo e assinaram um termo de consentimento. O uso de plantas medicinais é uma realidade entre as mulheres gestantes e lactantes da ONG Bebê a Bordo. Elas reportaram acreditar que produtos naturais não oferecem perigo à saúde. As principais fontes de informação sobre o uso de plantas medicinais durante a gravidez são familiares, vizinhos, amigos e internet. As plantas mais citadas são: hortelã, camomila, boldo, capim-cidreira e erva-doce. Tais plantas eram indicadas para náusea, indigestão, gases, constipação, ansiedade, e também para produzir leite. As mulheres gestantes e lactantes demonstraram que falta conhecimento sobre os riscos à saúde que as plantas medicinais e os medicamentos fitoterápicos podem oferecer nessas fases. Elas também comentaram sobre as dificuldades em...

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O escoamento da água oriunda das terras agricultadas é o principal fator poluente dos mananciais hídricos nas áreas rurais. Devido a esse fato, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de tecnologias que venham a reduzir descargas de resíduos indesejáveis. Nesse sentido, conduziu-se um experimento na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural - ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba - SP, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes condições de solo, (feijão, gramínea e solo nu) e diferentes práticas de controle de erosão (sulco de infiltração, terraço de infiltração e sem práticas de controle de erosão), buscando-se estimar o escoamento superficial. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o em blocos aleatorizados, em esquema fatorial 3x3, perfazendo 9 tratamentos com 3 repetições. O período de coleta de dados pluviométricos foi de 06 de dezembro de 2007 a 11 de abril de 2008; para isto, utilizou-se de um pluviômetro, com 21,1 cm de diâmetro, instalado na área experimental. Observando-se as perdas de água, em relação às estruturas, tem-se em ordem decrescente de eficiência: Terraço, Sulco e Rampa; e com relação às coberturas, tem-se em ordem decrescente de eficiência: Feijão, Capim e Solo Nu.

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The aim of this research paper was to compare the growth of D. ciliaris and D. nuda crabgrass species under non-competitive conditions. To this end, two experiments were conducted, one from March - July 2010 and the other from February - June 2011. The experimental design of both trials was completely randomized making a factorial (2 seasons x 2 species crabgrass x 12 evaluation periods) with four replications. Assessments began at 15 days after sowing (DAS), and repeated weekly until 92 DAS. The variables evaluated were total dry matter (roots+leaves+stems), leaf area, leaf number and tiller. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the absolute growth rate, relative growth rate and leaf area ratio were calculated using the means, which were adjusted regression models. The crabgrass species were significantly different in leaf area, leaf number, tiller number and dry matter per plant. D. ciliaris for all variables was statistically higher than D. nuda. Regarding the speed at which the growth of the species occurred, the absolute growth rate and relative growth rate of D. ciliaris was also greater than D. nuda. In addition, D. ciliaris also had a lower leaf area ratio indicating greater efficiency in converting light energy into carbohydrates. It can be concluded that D. ciliaris has a higher growth rate in conditions where there is no limitation of nutrients and water availability in relation to D. nuda, mainly due to D. ciliaris have greater leaf area, number of leaves and dry matter accumulation per plant.

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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate tiller population density and the dynamics of the tillering process in marandu palisade grass subjected to strategies of rotational stocking management and nitrogen fertilization. Treatments corresponded to combinations between two targets of pre-grazing conditions (sward surface height of 25 and 35 cm) and two rates of nitrogen application (50 and 200 kg ha-1 year-1), and were allocated to experimental units according to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement in a randomised complete block design, with four replications. The following response variables were studied: initial (TPDi), intermediate (TPDm) and final (TPDf) tiller population density as well as the rates of tiller appearance (TAR) and death (TDR) and the tiller population stability index (SI). TPDi was similar to all treatments, with differences in tiller population density becoming more pronounced as the experiment progressed, resulting in larger TPDf on swards managed at 25 cm pre-grazing height. Tiller death was larger on swards managed at 35 cm, with differences in tiller appearance being recorded only from February 2010 onwards. Stability of tiller population was higher on swards managed at 25 cm pre-grazing height. Overall, there was no effect of nitrogen on the studied variables, and the most adequate grazing strategy corresponded to the pre-grazing height of 25 cm, regardless of the nitrogen application rate used.

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O povo Maxakali fala uma língua do tronco linguístico Macro-Gé e habita a Terra Indígena Maxakali e duas Reservas Indígenas localizadas no nordeste do Estados de Minas Gerais. Tratarei aquí do imaginário presente nos yâmîyxop, termo que designa a um só tempo o colectivo dos espíritos animais e dos ancestrais, bem como os rituais e cantos realizados em honra destes. Da análise dos yâmîyxop se despreende um conhecimento quase enciclopédico do seres da Mata Atlântica, mesmo após os colonizadores brasileiros terem posto a floresta abaixo no início do século XX, deixando somente capim em seu lugar. Ademais, há nos yâmîyxop imagens relacionadas ao mundo do colonizador, tais como: as viagens feitas pelos aviôes, as bebedeiras propiciadas pelo álcool, as cercas que protegem as propriedades. Em suma, os yâmîyxop evidenciam um universo rico e plural, no qual a "natureza" dos seres é apreendida de forma distinta do conhecimentocientífico ocidental.