Investigations of muscid-larvae endoparasitic on arthropods ...

Typewritten

Larvae of insects; an introduction to Nearctic species.

Includes earlier ed. of pt. 1.

The larvae of the Phalaenidae /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 348-349) and index.

The body sense hairs of lepidopterous larvae.

Reprint from vol. XXXVI, no. 427. July, 1902.

Aquatic Chrysomelidae and a table of the families of Coleopterous larvae.

Reprinted from N. Y. State Museum bulletin 68, Aquatic insects in N. Y. State.

Grasshopper egg pods destroyed by larvae of bee flies, blister beetles, and ground beetles /

Literature cited: p. 28-29.

Nearctic sawflies : I. Blennocampinae : adults and larvae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-176) and index.

A review and reclassification of larvae of the subfamily Hadeninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) of America north of Mexico /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-174).

Taxonomy of Acrobasis larvae and pupae in Eastern North America (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) /

Mode of access: Internet.

Goniozus gallicola fouts, a parasite of moth larvae, with notes on other bethylids (Hymenoptera : Bethylidae, Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) /

Issued Feb. 1976.

Biosystematics of the first-stage larvae of some North American Bruchidae (Coleoptera) /

Includes appendix.

Descriptions, biology, and notes on the identification of some Trogoderma larvae (Coleoptera, Dermestidae) /

Caption title.

Parasitization of Manduca sexta larvae by the parasitoid wasp Cotesia congregata induces an impaired host immune response

During oviposition, the parasitoid wasp Cotesia congregata injects polydnavirus, venom, and parasitoid eggs into larvae of its lepidopteran host.. the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Polydnaviruses (PDVs) suppress the immune system of the host and allow the juvenile parasitoids to develop without being encapsulated by host hemocytes mobilized by the immune system. Previous work identified a gene in the Cotesia rubecula PDV (CrV1) that is responsible for depolymerization of actin in hemocytes of the host Pieris rapae during a narrow temporal window from 4 to 8 h post-parasitization. Its expression appears temporally correlated with hemocyte dysfunction. After this time, the hemocytes recover, and encapsulation is then inhibited by other mechanism(s). In contrast, in parasitized tobacco hornworm larvae this type of inactivation in hemocytes of parasitized M. sexta larvae leads to irreversible cellular disruption. We have characterized the temporal pattern of expression of the CrV1-homolog from the C. congregata PDV in host fat body and hemocytes using Northern blots, and localized the protein in host hemocytes with polyclonal antibodies to CrV1 protein produced in P. rapae in response to expression of the CrV1 protein. Host hemocytes stained with FITC-labeled phalloidin, which binds to filamentous actin, were used to observe hemocyte disruption in parasitized and virus-injected hosts and a comparison was made to hemocytes of nonparasitized control larvae. At 24 h post-parasitization host hemocytes were significantly altered compared to those of nonparasitized larvae. Hemocytes front newly parasitized hosts displayed blebbing, inhibition of spreading and adhesion, and overall cell disruption. A CrV1-homolog gene product was localized in host hemocytes using polyclonal CrV1 antibodies, suggesting that CrV1-like gene products of C. congregata's bracovirus are responsible for the impaired immune response of the host. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.