Design and fabrication of color filters for projection display system

Color filters are key components in an optical engine projection display system. In this paper, a new admittance-matching method for designing and fabricating the high performance filters is described, in which the optimized layers are limited to the interfaces between the stack (each combination of quarter-wave-optical-thickness film layers is called a stack) and stack, or between stack and substrate, or between stack and incident medium. This method works well in designing filters containing multiple stacks such as UV-IR cut and broadband filters. The tolerance and angle sensitivity for the designed film stacks are analyzed. The thermal stability of the sample color filters was measured. A good result in optical performance and thermal stability was obtained through the new design approach. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Far-field intensity distribution of a beam generated by a resonator with a phase-unifying mirror

The far-field intensity distribution (FFID) of a beam generated by a phase-unifying mirror resonator was investigated based on scalar diffraction theory. Attention was paid to the parameters, such as obscuration ratio and reflectivity of the phase-unifying mirror, that determine the FFID. All analyses were limited to the TEM00 fundamental mode. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America.

Far-field intensity distribution and M-2 factor of hollow Gaussian beams

The far-field intensity distribution of hollow Gaussian beams was investigated based on scalar diffraction theory. An analytical expression of the M-2 factor of the beams was derived on the basis of the second-order moments. Moreover, numerical examples to illustrate our analytical results are given. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America.

Far-field intensity distribution of beam generated by Gaussian mirror resonator

Based on scalar diffraction theory, we investigated far-field intensity distribution (FFID) of beam generated by Gaussian mirror resonator. We found usable analytical expressions of diffracted field with respect to variation of diffraction parameters. Particular attention was paid to the parameters such as mirror spot size and radius of the Gaussian mirror, which determine the FFID. All analyses were limited to TEM00 fundamental mode. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Design and fabrication of color filters for projection display system

Color filters are key components in an optical engine projection display system. In this paper, a new admittance-matching method for designing and fabricating the high performance filters is described, in which the optimized layers are limited to the interfaces between the stack (each combination of quarter-wave-optical-thickness film layers is called a stack) and stack, or between stack and substrate, or between stack and incident medium. This method works well in designing filters containing multiple stacks such as UV-IR cut and broadband filters. The tolerance and angle sensitivity for the designed film stacks are analyzed. The thermal stability of the sample color filters was measured. A good result in optical performance and thermal stability was obtained through the new design approach. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Far-field intensity distribution, M-2 factor of beams generated by Gaussian mirror resonator

We investigated M-2 factor and far-field distribution of beams generated by Gaussian mirror resonator. And we found usable analytical expressions of the M2 factor and the far-field distribution intensity with respect to variation of diffraction parameters. Particular attention was paid to the parameters such as mirror spot size and reflectance of the Gaussian mirror. (c) 2006 Elsevier GrnbH. All rights reserved.

Biologie de Penaeus duorarum (Burkenroad) en Côte d'Ivoire: 2 - ponte et migration

The pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum spawns from 25 to 60m, mostly in summer (October to June). Size at first sexual maturity is 31 mm (carapace length). The observed difference with the Caribbean pink shrimp is analysed. Immature shrimps migrate all year round but a peak migration occurs from January to March (in summer) and is associated with maximum salinities. A secondary peak migration occurs in October corresponding to minimum salinity and maximum river discharge. The action of salinity on migration is discussed and a preponderant action of currents in the process is also suggested. Migration is also related to moon phase, tide and day-night cycles. Migration intensity as expressed by catch per unit of effort is maximum at night, during ebb tide, on new and full moon. Seasonal variation of mean migration size and abundance are related by a negative linear correlation on a logarithmic plot (R = 0.776). This phenomenon is perhaps related to competition for food.

Prevalence, intensity, and effect of a nematode (Philometra saltatrix) in the ovaries of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix)

Examination of 203 adult bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) from Long Island, New York, in 2002 and 2003 and 66 from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, in 2003 revealed the presence of dracunculoid nematodes (Philometra saltatrix) in the ovaries of female fish. Percent prevalence reached 88% in July and then decreased after the peak of the spawning season. Bluefish contained up to 100 parasites per fish. Infection was associated with a range of disorders, including hemorrhage, inf lammation, edema, prenecrotic and necrotic changes, and follicular atresia, that may prevent proper development of oocytes and probably affect bluefish fecundity. Historical occurrences, life cycle, and geographical distribution of this nematode remain largely unknown, but may play important roles in recruitment processes of bluefish.

Population structure and variance effective size of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico*

We assayed allelic variation at 19 nuclear-encoded microsatellites among 1622 Gulf red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) sampled from the 1995 and 1997 cohorts at each of three offshore localities in the northern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf). Localities represented western, central, and eastern subregions within the northern Gulf. Number of alleles per microsatellite per sample ranged from four to 23, and gene diversity ranged from 0.170 to 0.917. Tests of conformity to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations and of genotypic equilibrium between pairs of micro-satellites were generally nonsignificant following Bonferroni correction. Significant genic or genotypic heterogeneity (or both) among samples was detected at four microsatellites and over all microsatellites. Levels of divergence among samples were low (FST ≤0.001). Pairwise exact tests revealed that six of seven “significant” comparisons involved temporal rather than spatial heterogeneity. Contemporaneous or variance effective size (NeV) was estimated from the temporal variance in allele frequencies by using a maximum-likelihood method. Estimates of NeV ranged between 1098 and >75,000 and differed significantly among localities; the NeV estimate for the sample from the northcentral Gulf was >60 times as large as the estimates for the other two localities. The differences in variance effective size could ref lect differences in number of individuals successfully reproducing, differences in patterns and intensity of immigration, or both, and are consistent with the hypothesis, supported by life-history data, that different “demographic stocks” of red snapper are found in the northern Gulf. Estimates of NeV for red snapper in the northern Gulf were at least three orders of magnitude lower than current estimates of census size (N). The ratio of effective to census size (Ne/N) is far below that expected in an ideal population and may reflect high variance in individual reproductive success, high temporal and spatial variance in productivity among subregions or a combination of the two.

Uso da S(+) cetamina por via intra-articular em modelo de osteoartrite em ratos: análise da imunoexpressão da ciclooxigenase 2

A osteoartrite (OA) é uma doença degenerativa que afeta grande parte da população e resulta em significativa morbidade e incapacidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos periféricos da S(+) cetamina na expressão da ciclo-oxigenase 2 (COX-2). Foram utilizados modelos experimentais de osteoartrite em ratos. Inicialmente setenta e dois ratos foram utilizados no estudo. Foram divididos em três grupos de 24 animais cada. Em dois grupos foi induzida a OA através de 2mg de MIA (monoiodo acetato de sódio) por via intra-articular (i.a), em um volume máximo de 50μL e em um dos grupos não foi realizada a indução da OA. No sétimo dia após a indução, dois grupos, incluindo o sem OA, receberam injeção i.a de salina 0,9% em volume máximo de 50μL e o terceiro grupo recebeu injeção de S(+) cetamina na dose de 0,5mg/kg. Nos dias 7, 14, 21 e 28 os animais foram anestesiados e sacrificados para coleta da membrana sinovial e análise imuno-histoquímica da ciclo-oxigenase-2. Durante o estudo ocorreram 29 perdas do material a ser analisado, totalizando um n = 43. O protocolo adotado para a interpretação imuno-histoquímica foi a imunomarcação citoplasmática da COX-2 em células da membrana sinovial, tecido conjuntivo e adiposo, conforme a intensidade da coloração. A análise dos resultados foi realizada através do teste do quiquadrado. A reatividade da COX-2 foi positiva em 53,8% dos animais do grupo sem OA, em 60% do grupo OA com salina e em 80% dos animais do grupo OA com cetamina, sem diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p = 0,3069). Esse estudo sugeriu que a S(+) cetamina por via intra-articular não inibiu a expressão da COX-2 em modelos de osteoartrite em ratos.

Estimating the maximum sustainable yield of bonito (Sarda chiliensis, Scombridae) of northern Chile from monthly catch data

Monthly catch data of bonito Sarda chiliensis from northern Chile, from 1976 to 1989, were used to obtain a series of estimates of the Z-G parameter (i.e., total mortality minus the growth coefficient in weight). This series was then used to estimate a maximum sustainable yield of 4,500 t/year through a modified version of the surplus production model of J. Csirke and J. Caddy. The status of the fishery is discussed.