Um mundo, um governo: a importância e desafios das relações entre a união europeia e o mercosul no cenário das associações inter-regionais

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais

Giardia duodenalis: INTER-STRAIN VARIABILITY OF PROTEINS, ANTIGENS, PROTEASES, ISOENZYMES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS

Giardia duodenalis isolates from asymptomatic or symptomatic patients and from animals present similarities and differences in the protein composition, antigenic profile, pattern of proteases and isoenzymes, as well as in nucleic acids analysis. In the present overview, these differences and similarities are reviewed with emphasis in the host-parasite interplay and possible mechanisms of virulence of the protozoon.

FATAL GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL TOXIC SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME IN A CHILD WITH VARICELLA: REPORT OF THE FIRST WELL DOCUMENTED CASE WITH DETECTION OF THE GENETIC SEQUENCES THAT CODE FOR EXOTOXINS SPE A AND B, IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

A previously healthy seven-year-old boy was admitted to the intensive care unit because of toxaemia associated with varicella. He rapidly developed shock and multisystem organ failure associated with the appearance of a deep-seated soft tissue infection and, despite aggressive treatment, died on hospital day 4. An M-non-typable, spe A and spe B positive Group A Streptococcus was cultured from a deep soft tissue aspirate. The criteria for defining Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome were fulfilled. The authors discuss the clinical and pathophysiological aspects of this disease as well as some unusual clinical findings related to this case.

Expatriates’ influence on knowledge sharing: an empirical study with International portuguese companies

Despite the abundant literature in knowledge management, few empirical studies have explored knowledge management in connection with international assignees. This phenomenon has a special relevance in the Portuguese context, since (a) there are no empirical studies concerning this issue that involves international Portuguese companies; (b) the national business reality is incipient as far as internationalisation is concerned, and; (c) the organisational and national culture presents characteristics that are distinctive from the most highly studied contexts (e.g., Asia, USA, Scandinavian countries, Spain, France, The Netherlands, Germany, England and Russia). We examine the role of expatriates in transfer and knowledge sharing within the Portuguese companies with operations abroad. We focus specifically on expatriates’ role on knowledge sharing connected to international Portuguese companies and our findings take into account organizational representatives’ and expatriates’ perspectives. Using a comparative case study approach, we examine how three main dimensions influence the role of expatriates in knowledge sharing among headquarters and their subsidiaries (types of international assignment, reasons for using expatriation and international assignment characteristics). Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews to 30 Portuguese repatriates and 14 organizational representatives from seven Portuguese companies. The findings suggest that the reasons that lead Portuguese companies to expatriating employees are connected to: (1) business expansion needs; (2) control of international operations and; (3) transfer and knowledge sharing. Our study also shows that Portuguese companies use international assignments in order to positively respond to the increasingly decaying domestic market in the economic areas in which they operate. Evidence also reveals that expatriation is seen as a strategy to fulfill main organizational objectives through their expatriates (e.g., business internationalization, improvement of the coordination and control level of the units/subsidiaries abroad, replication of aspects of the home base, development and incorporation of new organizational techniques and processes). We also conclude that Portuguese companies have developed an International Human Resources Management strategy, based on an ethnocentric approach, typically associated with companies in early stages of internationalization, i.e., the authority and decision making are centered in the home base. Expatriates have a central role in transmitting culture and technical knowledge from company’s headquarters to the company’s branches. Based on the findings, the article will discuss in detail the main theoretical and managerial implications. Suggestions for further research will also be presented.

Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group strains to cefoxitin, cefoperazone and ticarcillin/clavulanate

A total of 40 strains of the B. fragilis group was isolated from clinical specimens in two hospital centers in Fortaleza from 1993 to 1997. The most frequently isolated species was Bacteroides fragilis (19 strains) and most isolates came from intra-abdominal and wound infections. The susceptibility profile was traced for cefoxitin, cefoperazone and ticarcillin-clavulanate by using the agar dilution reference method. All isolates were susceptible to ticarcillin-clavulanate (128/2mug/ml). Resistance rates of 15 and 70% were detected to cefoxitin (64mug/ml) and cefoperazone (64mug/ml), respectively. Such regional results permit a better orientation in choosing this group of antibiotics for prophylaxis and therapy especially in relation to cefoxitin, which is frequently used in the hospital centers studied.

El ocio cotidiano de los estudiantes: de educación secundaria en Espanã

Partiendo de la interrelación existente entre la educación cultural de las personas y el uso que hacen de sus tiempos cotidianos, en el artículo se pone de manifiesto la relevancia que tiene el ocio en el desarrollo humano. Más aún cuando nos referimos a adolescentes y jóvenes que, dada la realidad socio familiar que les ha venido impuesta, ven condicionada la satisfacción de muchas de las necesidades básicas que favorecen una vida de y con calidad, en cuyo logro el derecho al ocio adquiere un protagonismo clave. En este sentido, se presentarán parte de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación, cuyo objetivo principal residía en conocer e interpretar cómo inciden los tiempos escolares en los procesos de socialización adolescente y juvenil, así como en los modos de configurar su tiempo libre. Más en concreto: se analizarán algunos de los datos obtenidos en un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc y aplicado a una muestra de 3.306 alumnos/as de entre 12 y 17 años que cursaban Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) en centros educativos de la geografía española en el curso académico 2010-2011. Conocer la utilización que hace este colectivo de sus tiempos, tiene para nosotros en este artículo una doble finalidad: reflexionar en qué medida las actividades que realizan favorecen la adquisición de aprendizajes de carácter cultural; indagar si existe alguna relación significativa entre la edad, el contexto familiar y las actividades que llevan a cabo.

Group B streptococcal neonatal infections in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Group B Streptococcus is the most common pathogen found in neonatal sepsis in North America. OBJECTIVES: We describe 15 cases of neonatal infections by Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a public and teaching hospital. METHODS: We conducted a study at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, from January 1st, 1996 to June 30, 1999. Diagnosis of neonatal infection was established according to the findings of Group B Streptococcus in blood culture associated with alterations resembling sepsis on the basis of clinical picture and laboratory findings. RESULTS: Fifteen cases of neonatal infections by Group B Streptococcus were detected. Eleven cases consisted of early-onset sepsis, 2 cases of occult bacteremia and 2 cases of late-onset sepsis. Eight cases had septic shock (53%), 8 cases had pneumonia (53%), and 4 cases had meningitis (27%). Fourteen cases were diagnosed from a positive blood culture, and 1 case from evidence of these bacteria in pulmonary anatomopathological examination. Thirteen cases (87%) were diagnosed before 72 hours of life. We had 3 deaths (20%), and 3 cases of meningitis developing neurological deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Streptococcus Group B is one of the most important pathogens in the etiology of early-onset neonatal sepsis at our hospital, with high mortality and morbidity. However, we do not know the incidence of GBS neonatal infections at other hospitals. More data are needed to establish a basis for trials of different strategies to reduce these infections.

Evidence of spotted fever group rickettsiae in state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Ticks were obtained from dogs from February to September of 1999 at weekly intervals, in the County of Piraí, State of Rio de Janeiro. Four hundred seventy four ixodids were taxonomically identified, 103 Amblyomma cajennense, seven Amblyomma ovale, 209 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and 155 Amblyomma sp. An hemolymph test associated with Giemsa's stain revealed two specimens in 163 ticks tested (R. sanguineus and Amblyomma sp), containing rickettsia-like organisms. Direct immunofluorescence verified the presence of spotted fever group rickettsia in one specimen of R. sanguineus. Considering the limited information on rickettsiosis in Brazil, principally in relation to the vectors involved in perpetuating it in foci, these preliminary results give us an idea on the importance of infection in ticks, allowing to expand our knowledge on this zoonosis.

Reliable link quality estimation in low-power wireless networks and its impact on tree-routing

Radio link quality estimation is essential for protocols and mechanisms such as routing, mobility management and localization, particularly for low-power wireless networks such as wireless sensor networks. Commodity Link Quality Estimators (LQEs), e.g. PRR, RNP, ETX, four-bit and RSSI, can only provide a partial characterization of links as they ignore several link properties such as channel quality and stability. In this paper, we propose F-LQE (Fuzzy Link Quality Estimator, a holistic metric that estimates link quality on the basis of four link quality properties—packet delivery, asymmetry, stability, and channel quality—that are expressed and combined using Fuzzy Logic. We demonstrate through an extensive experimental analysis that F-LQE is more reliable than existing estimators (e.g., PRR, WMEWMA, ETX, RNP, and four-bit) as it provides a finer grain link classification. It is also more stable as it has lower coefficient of variation of link estimates. Importantly, we evaluate the impact of F-LQE on the performance of tree routing, specifically the CTP (Collection Tree Protocol). For this purpose, we adapted F-LQE to build a new routing metric for CTP, which we dubbed as F-LQE/RM. Extensive experimental results obtained with state-of-the-art widely used test-beds show that F-LQE/RM improves significantly CTP routing performance over four-bit (the default LQE of CTP) and ETX (another popular LQE). F-LQE/RM improves the end-to-end packet delivery by up to 16%, reduces the number of packet retransmissions by up to 32%, reduces the Hop count by up to 4%, and improves the topology stability by up to 47%.

Evolution of genotypes of Group A streptococci from colonization and infection

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Biologia

Envelhecer: ser e estar - Projeto de intervenção num lar de idosos.

O presente documento reflete o percurso do desenho e do desenvolvimento de um projeto de Educação e Intervenção Social num Lar de idosos. Com base numa metodologia de Investigação-Ação Participativa, que privilegia os discursos, perceções e vivências dos atores sociais que integram esta realidade, procurou-se identificar os problemas e as necessidades. O conhecimento coconstruído com os idosos e profissionais da instituição permitiram a conceção e desenvolvimento do projeto “Envelhecer: ser e estar” que assentou, essencialmente, nas necessidades de (re) ativar e fortalecer as relações interpessoais, fomentar momentos de partilha, convívio, diálogo, discussão, negociação e participação, bem como, na urgência de envolver as pessoas na organização e ocupação do seu tempo livre promovendo a participação, o convívio e o lazer entre os idosos. Sendo um projeto das pessoas e com as pessoas, foram pensadas e planeadas ações e atividades que dessem resposta aos objetivos a que o projeto se propunha na tentativa de transformar e mudar os problemas e necessidades identificados pelos participantes. O projeto possibilitou, desta forma, iniciar um processo que permitiu fortalecer as relações entre os idosos, bem como envolvê-los na organização e participação das atividades do seu tempo livre, resultando num processo de transformação pessoal, grupal e institucional de permanente e contínua construção

No encontro comigo e com os outros

No presente Relatório apresenta-se o Projeto “No Encontro Comigo e Com os Outros”, desenvolvido com um grupo de mães de pessoas com deficiência intelectual. Este Projeto propõe uma resposta de apoio e de partilha num grupo de mães, visando o estabelecimento de relações em grupo, para que se reflita de forma autónoma nos problemas comuns. Desta forma, este Projeto, para além de propor encontros de apoio emocional, aponta para o envolvimento das mães nas atividades institucionais da Associação que os filhos frequentam. Os desafios colocados às famílias com filhos com deficiência fundamentaram o desenvolvimento de um Projeto em Educação e Intervenção Social, enquanto promotor de reflexão e de autonomia. Neste sentido, todo o Projeto posicionou-se, metodologicamente, na Investigação Ação-Participativa, onde, com as pessoas, se recolheu e analisou toda a informação que conduzia aos problemas e necessidades evidenciados. A finalidade deste projeto, e todos os objetivos propostos, foram, assim, ao encontro dos problemas e necessidades priorizados pelos intervenientes, propondo-se, a partir de um conjunto de ações, alcançar uma nova realidade. Desta forma, os resultados obtidos com o Projeto foram satisfatórios, por ter contribuído para o estabelecimento de laços entre as mães, por ter fomentando a partilha e a reflexão acerca dos problemas vivenciados e por ter envolvido as mesmas nos processos institucionais. Deficiência, Família, Grupo de Apoio, Partilha, Relação.

Do Spirituality and Faith Make a Difference? Report from the Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study Group

OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, some attention has been given to spirituality and faith and their role in cancer patients' coping. Few data are available about spirituality among cancer patients in Southern European countries, which have a big tradition of spirituality, namely, the Catholic religion. As part of a more general investigation (Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study--SEPOS), the aim of this study was to examine the effect of spirituality in molding psychosocial implications in Southern European cancer patients. METHOD: A convenience sample of 323 outpatients with a diagnosis of cancer between 6 to 18 months, a good performance status (Karnofsky Performance Status > 80), and no cognitive deficits or central nervous system (CNS) involvement by disease were approached in university and affiliated cancer centers in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Switzerland (Italian speaking area). Each patient was evaluated for spirituality (Visual Analog Scale 0-10), psychological morbidity (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale--HADS), coping strategies (Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer--Mini-MAC) and concerns about illness (Cancer Worries Inventory--CWI). RESULTS. The majority of patients (79.3%) referred to being supported by their spirituality/faith throughout their illness. Significant differences were found between the spirituality and non-spirituality groups (p ≤ 0.01) in terms of education, coping styles, and psychological morbidity. Spirituality was significantly correlated with fighting spirit (r = -0.27), fatalism (r = 0.50), and avoidance (r = 0.23) coping styles and negatively correlated with education (r = -0.25), depression (r = -0.22) and HAD total (r = -0.17). SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Spirituality is frequent among Southern European cancer patients with lower education and seems to play some protective role towards psychological morbidity, specifically depression. Further studies should examine this trend in Southern European cancer patients.

Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of enterococcal isolates from Southern region of Brazil

In the present study, a total of 455 enterococcal isolates, recovered from patients living in the city of Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the period from July 1996 to June 1997, were identified to the species level by conventional biochemical and microbiological tests, and assayed for their susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents. The genetic diversity of antimicrobial resistant strains was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of SmaI restricted chromosomal DNA. The most frequent species was Enterococcus faecalis (92.8%). Other species identified were: E. faecium (2.9%), E. gallinarum (1.5%), E. avium (1.1%), E. hirae (0.7%), E. casseliflavus (0.4%), E. durans (0.4%) and E. raffinosus (0.2%). The overall prevalence of isolates with high-level resistance (HLR) to aminoglycosides was 37.8%. HLR to gentamicin was found in 24.8%. No strains with acquired resistance to vancomycin were found. PFGE analysis showed the predominance of clonal group A, comprising strains isolated from different clinical specimens obtained from patients in three hospitals. These results suggest intra and inter-hospital dissemination of one predominant clonal group of E. faecalis isolates with HLR to gentamicin in the hospitals included in this study.