Connection Between Surface Ozone Concentration and Visibility in Tbilisi

წარმოდგენილია მიწისპირა ოზონის საშუალოწლიური მონაცემების და სხვადასხვა ბალიანობის ხილვადობის სიშორის მქონე დღეების რიცხვს შორის კორელაციური და რეგრესიული კავშირის გამოკვლევის შედეგები 9, 12 და 15 საათზე დაკვირვებებისათვის.

Статистическая структура среднегодовой температуры воздуха в Тбилиси и Санкт-Петербурге в 1850-2012 гг

გამოკვლეულია ჰაერის საშუალოწლიური მნიშვნელობების დროითი რიგების სტატისტიკური სტრუქტურა თბილისში და სანქტ-პეტერბურგში 1850-2012 წწ. შესწავლილია პერიოდულობა ჰაერის ტემპერატურის ცვალებადობაში. ჩატარებულია ჰაერის ტემპერატურის ცვალებადობის დინამიკის შედარება თბილისში და სანქტ-პეტერბურგში.

Изменчивость аэрозольного загрязнения атмосферы в Цалке и Кисловодске в 1941-1990 гг.

შესწავლილია წალკაში (ეკოლოგიურად სუფთა მაღალმთიანი რაიონი საქართველოში) ატმოსფეროს აეროზოლური ოპტიკური სისქის და კისლოვოდსკში ატმოსფეროს გამჭვირვალობის კოეფიციენტის მნიშვნელობების სტატისტიკური სტრუქტურა 1941-1990 წწ.

Исследования изменения климата в Грузии в совместных работах институтов географии и геофизики

გამოკვლევულია ატმოსფეროში აეროზოლური დაბინძურების, ღრუბლიანობის, ნისლების, ოზონის საერთო რაოდენობის და სხვ. მრავალწლიანი დინამიკა; შესწავლილია ატმოსფეროს აეროზოლური დაბინძურების ზეგავლენა მზის რადიაციის, ღრუბლიანობის, ნისლების და სხვ. ცვალებადობაზე. შეფასებულია ზოგიერთი კლიმატის ელემენტების მოსალოდნელი ცვლილება. გათვალისწინებულია აღნიშნული ერთობლივი გამოკვლევების გაგრძელება და აგრეთვე ძალების გაერთიანება ახალი სამეცნიერო და გამოყენებითი მნიშვნელობის ამოცანების გადასაწყვეტად.

Evolution of Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality in the Counties of the State of Rio de Janeiro from 1979 to 2010

Background: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in Brazil. Objective: To estimate total CVD, cerebrovascular disease (CBVD), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality rates in adults in the counties of the state of Rio de Janeiro (SRJ), from 1979 to 2010. Methods: The counties of the SRJ were analysed according to their denominations stablished by the geopolitical structure of 1950, Each new county that have since been created, splitting from their original county, was grouped according to their former origin. Population Data were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and data on deaths were obtained from DataSus/MS. Mean CVD, CBVD, and IHD mortality rates were estimated, compensated for deaths from ill-defined causes, and adjusted for age and sex using the direct method for three periods: 1979–1989, 1990–1999, and 2000–2010, Such results were spatially represented in maps. Tables were also constructed showing the mortality rates for each disease and year period. Results: There was a significant reduction in mortality rates across the three disease groups over the the three defined periods in all the county clusters analysed, Despite an initial mortality rate variation among the counties, it was observed a homogenization of such rates at the final period (2000–2010). The drop in CBVD mortality was greater than that in IHD mortality. Conclusion: Mortality due to CVD has steadily decreased in the SRJ in the last three decades. This reduction cannot be explained by greater access to high technology procedures or better control of cardiovascular risk factors as these facts have not occurred or happened in low proportion of cases with the exception of smoking which has decreased significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to seek explanations for this decrease, which may be related to improvements in the socioeconomic conditions of the population.

Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly: Comparative Analysis of Two Five-year Periods

Background:Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Brazil. The better understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the Brazilian elderly population is essential to support more appropriate health actions for each region of the country.Objective:To describe and to compare geospatially the rates of mortality from cardiovascular disease in elderly individuals living in Brazil by gender in two 5-year periods: 1996 to 2000 and 2006 to 2010.Methods:This is an ecological study, for which rates of mortality were obtained from DATASUS and the population rates from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística). An average mortality rate for cardiovascular disease in elderly by gender was calculated for each period. The spatial autocorrelation was evaluated by TerraView 4.2.0 through global Moran index and the formation of clusters by the index of local Moran-LISA.Results:There was an increase, in the second 5-year period, in the mortality rates in the Northeast and North regions, parallel to a decrease in the South, South-East and Midwest regions. Moreover, there was the formation of clusters with high mortality rates in the second period in Roraima among females, and in Ceará, Pernambuco and Roraima among males.Conclusion:The increase in mortality rates in the North and Northeast regions is probably related to the changing profile of mortality and improvement in the quality of information, a result of the increase in surveillance and health care measures in these regions.

Pulmonary Embolism Mortality in Brazil from 1989 to 2010: Gender and Regional Disparities

Abstract Background: A significant variation in pulmonary embolism (PE) mortality trends have been documented around the world. We investigated the trends in mortality rate from PE in Brazil over a period of 21 years and its regional and gender differences. Methods: Using a nationwide database of death certificate information we searched for all cases with PE as the underlying cause of death between 1989 and 2010. Population data were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We calculated age-, gender- and region-specific mortality rates for each year, using the 2000 Brazilian population for direct standardization. Results: Over 21 years the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) fell 31% from 3.04/100,000 to 2.09/100,000. In every year between 1989 and 2010, the ASMR was higher in women than in men, but both showed a significant declining trend, from 3.10/100,000 to 2.36/100,000 and from 2.94/100,000 to 1.80/100,000, respectively. Although all country regions showed a decline in their ASMR, the largest fall in death rates was concentrated in the highest income regions of the South and Southeast Brazil. The North and Northeast regions, the lowest income areas, showed a less marked fall in death rates and no distinct change in the PE mortality rate in women. Conclusions: Our study showed a reduction in the PE mortality rate over two decades in Brazil. However, significant variation in this trend was observed amongst the five country regions and between genders, pointing to possible disparities in health care access and quality in these groups.

Mortality from Circulatory System Diseases and Malformations in Children in the State of Rio de Janeiro

Abstract Background: The epidemiological profile of mortality in a population is important for the institution of measures to improve health care and reduce mortality Objective: To estimate mortality rates and the proportional mortality from cardiovascular diseases and malformations of the circulatory system in children and adolescents. Methods: This is a descriptive study of mortality from cardiovascular diseases, malformations of the circulatory system, from all causes, ill-defined causes and external causes in children and adolescents in the state of Rio de Janeiro from 1996 to 2012. Populations were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE) and deaths obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS)/Ministry of Health. Results: There were 115,728 deaths from all causes, 69,757 in males. The annual mortality from cardiovascular diseases was 2.7/100,000 in men and 2.6/100,000 in women. The annual mortality from malformations of the circulatory system was 7.5/100,000 in men and 6.6/100,000 in women. Among the specific causes of circulatory diseases, cardiomyopathies had the highest rates of annual proportional mortality, and from malformations of the circulatory system, it occurred due to unspecified malformations of the circulatory system, at all ages and in both genders. Conclusion: Mortality from malformations of the circulatory system was most striking in the first years of life, while cardiovascular diseases were more relevant in adolescents. Low access to prenatal diagnosis or at birth probably prevented the proper treatment of malformations of the circulatory system.

Trends in Mortality Rate from Cardiovascular Disease in Brazil, 1980-2012

Abstract Background: Studies have questioned the downward trend in mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Brazil in recent years. Objective: to analyze recent trends in mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in the Brazilian population. Methods: Mortality and population data were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Ministry of Health. Risk of death was adjusted by the direct method, using as reference the world population of 2000. We analyzed trends in mortality from CVD, IHD and stroke in women and men in the periods of 1980-2006 and 2007-2012. Results: there was a decrease in CVD mortality and stroke in women and men for both periods (p < 0.001). Annual mortality variations for periods 1980-2006 and 2007-2012 were, respectively: CVD (total): -1.5% and -0.8%; CVD men: -1.4% and -0.6%; CVD women: -1.7% and -1.0%; DIC (men): -1.1% and 0.1%; stroke (men): -1.7% and -1.4%; DIC (women): -1.5% and 0.4%; stroke (women): -2.0% and -1.9%. From 1980 to 2006, there was a decrease in IHD mortality in men and women (p < 0.001), but from 2007 to 2012, changes in IHD mortality were not significant in men [y = 151 + 0.04 (R2 = 0.02; p = 0.779)] and women [y = 88-0.54 (R2 = 0.24; p = 0.320). Conclusion: Trend in mortality from IHD stopped falling in Brazil from 2007 to 2012.

Географiя Грузiи

Знаменитая книга Царевича Вахушти (Вахушти Багратиони) посвящена подробному обзору географических особенностей, климатических условий, этнического состава, нравов населения, а также экономики политических и исторических территориальных единиц Грузинской державы в средние века. Представлены хронологический список царей Грузии и другие интересные сведения о грузинском государстве.

Report upon United States Geographical surveys west of the one hundredth meridian,

v. 5

Human biogeography in the Solomon Islands / John Terrell, Associate Curator, Oceanic Archaeology and Ethnology, Field Museum of Natural History.

v.68:no.1(1977)

Historia general y natural de las Indias, islas y tierra-firme del mar oceano,

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Historia general y natural de las Indias, islas y tierra-firme del mar oceano,

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