GDP 4.0 transfer to SGP 3.0 for SCIAMACHY no2 column processing: Verification with SDOAS / GDOAS prototype algorithms and delta-validation with NDACC / UV-visible network data

Until mid 2006, SCIAMACHY data processors for the operational retrieval of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) column data were based on the historical version 2 of the GOME Data Processor (GDP). On top of known problems inherent to GDP 2, ground-based validations of SCIAMACHY NO2 data revealed issues specific to SCIAMACHY, like a large cloud-dependent offset occurring at Northern latitudes. In 2006, the GDOAS prototype algorithm of the improved GDP version 4 was transferred to the off-line SCIAMACHY Ground Processor (SGP) version 3.0. In parallel, the calibration of SCIAMACHY radiometric data was upgraded. Before operational switch-on of SGP 3.0 and public release of upgraded SCIAMACHY NO2 data, we have investigated the accuracy of the algorithm transfer: (a) by checking the consistency of SGP 3.0 with prototype algorithms; and (b) by comparing SGP 3.0 NO2 data with ground-based observations reported by the WMO/GAW NDACC network of UV-visible DOAS/SAOZ spectrometers. This delta-validation study concludes that SGP 3.0 is a significant improvement with respect to the previous processor IPF 5.04. For three particular SCIAMACHY states, the study reveals unexplained features in the slant columns and air mass factors, although the quantitative impact on SGP 3.0 vertical columns is not significant.

Relación de dependencia del trabajo formal y brechas de protección social en América Latina y el Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

Relación de dependencia del trabajo formal y brechas de protección social en América Latina y el Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

Programa de prevención de violencia a través de proyectos de resolución de conflictos y mediación de pares en escuelas con niños y jóvenes en riesgo y en grupos de educación no formal, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina

Incluye Bibliografía

Difusão do trabalho agrícola formal no Brasil e sua dinâmica multiescalar

This paper aims to analyze the geographical dynamics of work from the spread of formal employment in the agricultural sector in Northeast Brazil. In recent years the region has had highlighted a growing movement to produce fruit for export, resulting in the promotion of important sociospatial transformations arising from the formation of a capitalist labor market. Data about the increase in the number of formal jobs show the impact of fruit growing agribusiness in the establishment of a new social and territorial division of labor. However, our study draws attention to the existence of a framework dominated for the vulnerability of the labor market by the persistence of seasonality and precarious working conditions.

Programa de demografia formal

El proposito central del programa de demografia formal, es conocer las variables demograficas determinantes de la estructura y dinamica de la poblacion de cada pais. Su cumplimiento implica la elaboracion de proyecciones de poblacion a nivel regional y nacional, el desarrollo de metodos de encuestas demograficas y asesoria a los paises en su realizacion asi como prestar asistencia tecnica a paises y a otros programas y proyectos de CELADE. El documento incluye una lista del personal y un detalle de las actividades descritas.

Women's formal education: achievements and obstacles

Includes bibliography

La movilidad laboral en Argentina desde mediados del decenio de 1990: el difícil camino de regreso al empleo formal

Incluye Bibliografía

Labour mobility in Argentina since the mid-1990s: the hard road back to formal employment

Includes bibliography

Las relaciones entre los sectores formal e informal

Incluye Bibliografía

Logros y obstáculos en la educación formal de las mujeres

Incluye Bibliografía

Informal-formal sector interrelationships

Includes bibliography

An experimental verification of newton's second law

We describe an experimental procedure to probe the validity of Newton's second law. The experimental arrangement allows us to accelerate a glider on an air track by means of forces that are both steady and known. We also show how to determine acceleration from average speeds calculated for successive time intervals of the motion measured by using several electronic counters connected to a single-crystal oscillator circuit. Within experimental errors, the experiments clearly show the proportionality between acceleration and force for a fixed mass and between acceleration and inverse of mass for a fixed force. © by the Sociedade Brasileira de Física.

Formal quality assurance systems as a basis for environmentally-sound management practices in the public and private sectors

Includes bibliography