Eficiência energética em uma indústria madeireira

In wood processing industries, which use electrical equipment in the production process, in most cases these are badly scaled or operate under inadequate conditions, resulting directly in industrial energy efficiency, which proves important because besides having technological innovation, also with practices and policies, aims to decrease power consumption. So in a wiring project should take into account the variables that influence energy efficiency. Thus this work has been reviewed and subsequently calculated some of these variables, such as active power, power factor and demand for the entire industry (global) and also for specific equipment, the chipper. The network analysis was performed in a wood processing industry in the city of Taquarivaí - SP, and evaluated these variables with a network analyzer and also by analysis on energy bills, which were found in both analysis levels below those found in literature. These factors are due to poor design, improper use, storage of equipment or even by characteristic of the production process, ie, the equipment running on empty because of the volatility of production

Comparação da razão sinal-ruído e da uniformidade da imagem entre aquisições com bobina de quadratura e com bobina de corpo

The signal-to-noise ratio and image uniformity analysis parameters are very important in quality control of an MRI scanner. They are measured in regular tests with phantoms. In these tests, however, used to quadrature coil, which has been most widely used clinically, and, therefore, was replaced in the procedures for body coil. In order to understand the difference between these two parameters in these coils, the study aimed to analyze the images acquired from four different phantoms in the same equipment under the same conditions for comparison purposes. With these results, it can be concluded that the body coil signal-to-noise ratio has always smaller than the quadrature in any projection, whereas the image uniformity is larger

Bauru e São José dos Campos: Shopping Centers e Espaço Urbano

A monografia aqui apresentada tem como foco o estudo do processo de estruturação do espaço urbano, com atenção para o papel dos shopping centers. Estes espaços de comercialização de bens e serviços são muito importantes para compreender tal processo e se trata de algo extremamente recente considerando-se o longo processo de urbanização, visto que sua expansão, como fenômeno urbano no Brasil é do inicio da década de 1980. O estudo privilegiou a caracterização e análise das cidades que apresentam população na faixa de 100 a 600 mil habitantes e que na sua estrutura urbana apresentem este empreendimento como um elemento que agregue ou não o poder de constituição e/ou (re)definição de centralidades, dinâmica esta bastante influenciada pela construção deste equipamento de lazer e consumo em uma cidade. Sendo assim, para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, procuramos nos nortear em questões que abarcassem qual a relação destes empreendimentos, quando existentes nas cidades, com a centralidade principal, para assim, tentarmos compreender se os mesmos desempenham a criação de novas centralidades, ou reforçam a centralidade principal já existente, concebida pela estruturação que o centro desempenha

Análise da vibração para o controle do funcionamento de um ventilador de um sistema de exaustão

This work has as objective to show the vibrational analysis as a method of predictive maintenance as an auxiliar procedure in the fail detection in equipments, most specifically in the rotative ones, and with that help the maintenance team to have conditions to foresee the right time to do the swap of the components of the systems, what would lead to failures. Knowing the exact moment the resources of people and money can be focused in the critic operations to the plant. This technic has been already studied for more then 30 years and was widely used in this work, not only as an equipment condition verification method, but also, after the equipment replacement, was used to prove that the new fan was operating under the best work conditions and with that maintenance could return to contol the vibration level of the equipment, not being necessary any kind of intervention

Controle de qualidade em equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada

The computed tomography, devised by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack, is in its fourth decade of the clinical use and has presented to be a very useful tool in the diagnosis of several pathologies. For this reason, its use is increasing each day, due to technological progress since its creation. Due to be more and more utilized, the equipment must be in good operating conditions, because it is subject to variance and wearing, damage the quality of diagnosis. To evaluate whether the performance of the scanner remains constant along the time and the dose received by the patient is within the desired limits, periodic tests of quality control must be performed. For this subject, the regulation 453 (June 01, 1998) was created, which determines the need of the implementation of a program for quality assurance (PGQ), where, in addition to the tests of quality control, are established the necessary measurements for the proper functioning of the equipment, generating a trustworthy diagnosis, reducing the dose for the patient and the costs. In this document, are presented tests of quality control carried out in hospitals of the city of Sao Paulo carried out together with the Technical Section of Applications by Imaging Diagnostic (STADI) of the Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy of the University of São Paulo (IEE/USP)

Taxa de desenvolvimento de força em diferentes contrações musculares

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a taxa de desenvolvimento de força (TDF) nas contrações isométrica e isocinéticas concêntrica a 60°.s-1 e 180°.s-1. Quatorze indivíduos do gênero masculino (idade = 23,1±2,8 anos; estatura = 174±31,3 cm e; massa corporal = 81±12 kg) participaram deste estudo. Na primeira visita foi realizada uma familiarização ao equipamento isocinético. Posteriormente, os indivíduos realizaram em ordem randômica 5 contrações isocinéticas máximas para os extensores do joelho em 60°.s-1 e 180°.s-1 para determinar o torque máximo concêntrico (TMC) e 2 contrações isométricas máximas de 3 s para determinar o torque máximo isométrico (TMI). O TMI (301,4±56,0 N.m) foi maior do que o TMC a 60°.s-1 (239,8±42,2 N.m) e 180°.s-1 (175,0±32,5 N.m). O TMC a 60°.s-1 foi maior do que o TMC a 180°.s-1. Para os intervalos de 0-30ms e 0-50ms, a TDF na condição isométrica (1196,6±464,6 e 1326,5±514,2 N.m.s-1, respectivamente) foi similar à TDF a 60°.s- 1 (1035,4±446,2 e 1134,3±448,4 N.m.s-1) e maior do que a 180°.s-1 (656,7±246,6 e 475,2±197,9 N.m.s-1), sendo ainda que a TDF na contração concêntrica rápida foi menor do que na lenta. No intervalo 0-100ms, a TDF da contração isométrica (1248,8±417,4 N.m.s-1) foi significantemente maior que a obtida na contração isocinética rápida (909,2±283,4 N.m.s- 1). A TDF obtida na contração isocinética lenta (1005,4±247,7 N.m.s-1) foi similar à obtida na contração isométrica e na concêntrica isocinética rápida. No intervalo 0-150ms, a TDF isométrica (1084,2±332,1 N.m.s-1) foi maior do que as concêntricas (60°.s-1 e 180°.s-1) (834,8±184,2 e 767,6±201,8 N.m.s-1, respectivamente), não existindo diferenças entre estas duas últimas. Conclui-se que a TDF é...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Os impactos da política nacional de resíduos sólidos no setor de eletrônicos

A Revolução Tecnológica vem colocando no mercado um número cada vez maior de equipamentos eletrônicos, enquanto a absorção dos impactos pelo ecossistema se torna cada vez mais difícil. A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos reúne o conjunto de princípios, diretrizes, metas e ações para o gerenciamento ambientalmente adequado dos resíduos. Comparando o cenário brasileiro com medidas de outros países, a proposta é analisar os impactos econômicos e ambientais da nova lei sobre a indústria de produtos eletroeletrônicos

Rerrefino de óleo lubrificante usado

The lubricant oil used in engines of internal combustion must be, periodically, changed. Its mainly function in the engines is to reduce the friction between the pieces, but its presence also promotes the cleanness and the refrigeration of the equipment. These attributions, at the end of some cycles of operation, make the oil to be dirty, that is, full of contaminating substances such as water, gasoline, diesel, additives, oxidized hydro-carbons and rests of metals, not being recommended, therefore, its discarding in the environment. Thus, all the used lubricant oil that leaves the automobiles engine has been thrust, waiting for a solution. The pollution generated by the discarding of a ton of used oil per day in the soil or in the rivers is equivalent to a domestic sewer of 40 thousand of people. The indiscriminate burning of the used lubricant oil generates significant emissions of metallic oxides, besides other toxic gases, like the dioxin and sulphur oxides. In this context, the mean objective of this essay was to effectuate the rerrefine of the used lubricant oil, aiming the increase of its life cycle and consequently contributing for the reduction of the environmental pollution. According to the used process, it was possible to get a rerrefine oil, of good quality, which physicistchemistries properties are in compliance with the norms of NBR and ASTM

Desenvolvimento de um protetor lateral em alumínio

In view of the need to develop a device for security and lateral protection, due to the Resolution 323/09 of CONTRAN, which requires the use of such equipment for most trucks and tow trucks, the objective of this work is to develop a project for an aluminum lateral protection device, according to the ABNT NBR 14.148 regulation, that, among many specifications, stipulates that the equipment must support a load of 5 kN and suffer a maximum deflection of 30mm, but does not say what material it should be made of. The reason for choosing aluminum is because of its low density, so as not to significantly increase the curb weight of the truck, which, consequently, reduces CO2 emissions and maintenance expenses. Additionally, this material presents a good resistance/weight ratio, high resistance to corrosion, excellent surface finish and it's fully recyclable; reason why it has been gaining the attention of many industry segments. For the realization of the project, profiles were chosen to make the assembly of the set, and then a finite elements analysis was performed in the HyperWorks software, to verify if the designed device would support the loads stipulated by the regulation. One details to note is that these simulation programs could show inaccuracies, because of the size and shape of the elements that compose the mesh, and for many other reasons, so it is necessary that, even with the results coming back satisfactory, actual physical tests are conducted to validate the proper functioning of the equipment, which was not done for this study

Impactos socioespaciais do uso e ocupação do solo urbano na área de entorno do Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo - Guarulhos - Andre Franco Montoro

The construction of the São Paulo International Airport in Guarulhos recorded significant economic growth for the whole region, especially for services and jobs generated. Despite the importance of its presence in Guarulhos, we note the absence of an articulate and committed planning to urban development of the city, mainly in adjacent areas to this airport system planning. Through this stud, we analyzed primarily the major interferences and modifications afforded by its presence in guarulhense spatiality. We found that the government was, to some extent, tolerant to mounting housing in the surrounding area to the airport, from the moment that allowed the diverse urban land use in the place where it was planned to build such equipment. We further note that the airport is developed autonomously to the municipality in which the investments and related works only aim to meet the needs of the enterprise

Avaliação da auto-suficiência energética em reatores anaeróbios aplicados ao tratamento de resíduos da indústria de produção do etanol

Ethanol, the main automotive biofuel, has its production based on the fermentation of sugars found in biological materials and on the distillation of the alcoholic media formed during the fermentative process. Stillage is the main residue from ethanol production, containing a high organic loading in addition to acidic and corrosive characteristics. Considering the available technologies to treat stillage, we highlight anaerobic digestion, which allows the reduction of the impacts associated to pollutants loading of this effluent and the generation of energy from the methane gas produced in the process. Based on the high treatment efficiency usually associated to the anaerobic process, this work aimed to assess whether anaerobic systems applied to the treatment of stillage are energetically self-sufficient. First we evaluated the energy recovery capacity in an anaerobic reactor applied to the treatment of stillage resulting from corn-to-ethanol processing. The results indicated the great influence that a correct selection of electrical equipment and their respective operating periods have on the net energy balance of the anaerobic treatment. The high energy consumption of the heater would not allow the system to achieve a positive net energy balance – the maximum energy recovery would reach only 0.68% of the consumption. However, the replacement of the mixture equipment would result in energy gains ranging from 8.5 to 967.9% of the consumption. In this work we also assessed the efficiency of methane yields for a few studies and the correlation between some parameters of the anaerobic process. With respect to the methane yield, we noted that mesophilic systems tend to be more advantageous than the thermophilic ones (efficiency of 76.45 ± 22.51% vs. 69.40 ± 30.36%). Considering the study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Aplicação dos conceitos de RCM e a ferramenta FMEA no aumento de confiabilidade em equipamentos de uma indústria química

The growing demand for quality at competitive prices and fast production process put to the test function in the industrial Maintenance. The need for equipment with high availability to fit this fierce competitiveness makes maintenance becomes essentially reliable. Despite this current context, many companies still have an old view of maintenance, focused only on corrective services, and proposals for change are often neglected due to the sense of urgency day to day. Thus, this study aims to demonstrate through theoretical applicability of simple tool, but of great value in increasing reliability within the maintenance sector of an industry, applying the concepts of Reliability Centered Maintenance – RCM and Analysis tool Failure Modes and Effects – FMEA in equipment of a chemical company directly involved in the manufacturing process of the brake fluid, which this product is used in vehicles around the country. That way, you can identify the types, occurrence and criticality of each failure and evaluate assertively decision making for each device, avoiding unnecessary downtime and potential failures of the same

Modelagem e avaliação de um sistema de refrigeração por absorção para residências e instalações de pequeno porte

This work presents a study of the absorption refrigeration system and the modeling and evaluation of two cycles using the binary solutions water-lithium bromide and ammonia-water for an equipment to be used in small size plants like residences. The study and evaluation aims the complete understanding of all parts of the system and the influence of each one of them as well as the spread of the knowledge to raise the use of this type of equipment in all sizes in order to decrease the energetic consumption of plants of all scales and making viable the alternative sources. The study is done in each element of the cycle separately and in some auxiliary equipments required in the operation such as the main power source, the solar collector. The software used for modeling, with emphasis on thermal part, was the EES (Engineering Equation Solver), that permitted the thermal balance calculus and acquisition of the used fluids properties. The results obtained for the equipment shows the system is more complex than the widely used in business, however, it can be viable and represents an alternative to increase the energetic efficiency

Uma avaliação do uso do NCRP 151 na realidade brasileira

Medical Physics is an interdisciplinary field that applies concepts and laws of physics in medical practices. Currently, one of its main applications is the use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of oncological diseases. Due to its wide use and highly dangerous, many of radioprotection procedures should be adopted with the objective of protecting human beings from harmful effects of radiation. Thus, you can better enjoy the benefits that the practice can offer. The methodology proposed by the National Council on Radiation Protection 151 (NCRP 151), relates technical information necessary to Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Megavoltage X- and Gamma- Ray Radiotherapy Facilities. However, many parameters used to calculate the shield are based on estimates only, and it is an international standard that may not be adequate to the Brazilian reality. Thus, the central idea of this study is the collection of data from the routine of the Radiotherapy Service of the Real e Benemérita Associação Portuguesa de Beneficência, in particular equipment cobalt therapy Theratron 780 (Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.) and the linear accelerator Varian Clinac 2100C for measurement of workload, number of patients, fields, and dose factors to determine the best use of barrier protection. Furthermore, this work features a profile of radiotherapy treatments carried out closer to the Brazilian reality

Canto dos contos: o percurso de uma oficina de narração de histórias para adultos, no contexto de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a experiência de uma oficina de narração de histórias, a oficina Canto dos Contos, realizada no contexto terapêutico de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (um CAPS), equipamento do Sistema Único de Saúde (o SUS), na cidade de São Paulo, em 2012. Considerando o CAPS como parte fundamental da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira, a oficina expressiva de narração de histórias foi buscando, ao longo de seu percurso, delinear seus limites e marcar suas diferenças em relação aos espaços terapêuticos já existentes no CAPS. Assim, a partir da escuta conjunta e apreciação de narrativas, acessamos lembranças resgatadas pelos participantes e pudemos criar, relembrar e renovar memórias antes confusas e esquecidas. Como resultado final, rodas de narrativas foram realizadas dentro e fora do espaço terapêutico do CAPS e um livro foi publicado. Essa presente contextualização e reflexão acerca de um trabalho realizado por uma arte/educadora em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial faz-se oportuna, uma vez que os CAPS’s e a saúde mental como um todo são um campo que vem se abrindo, cada vez mais, para profissionais de áreas artísticas, tanto pela afinidade que as Artes sempre tiveram com pensamentos que rompem com paradigmas de realidade, quanto pela potência terapêutica existente em práticas expressivas. Esperamos que pensar e avaliar a narração de histórias utilizada como instrumento no percurso terapêutico dos pacientes de um CAPS possa contribuir para que trabalhos semelhantes, neste e em outros contextos, aprimorem as experiências aqui descritas.