Principais lesões de mucosa na cavidade bucal de idosos, em decorrência do uso de prótese

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as principais lesões bucais existentes relacionadas ao uso indevido das próteses bucais. Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados do Centro Latino- americano e do Caribe de informações em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), MEDLINE, BBO, a biblioteca virtual SCIELO e o acervo de livros da Universidade do Vale do Rio Doce (UNIVALE). Foram utilizadas palavras-chaves como envelhecimento populacional, lesões bucais, próteses e idosos e o período das publicações foi de 1991 a 2009. Devido ao envelhecimento populacional no Brasil observa-se um maior interesse nos pacientes idosos. O enfoque multidisciplinar a esses pacientes é de grande importância. A saúde bucal do idoso brasileiro encontra-se em situação precária com elevado índice de edentulismo. Neste contexto, o cirurgião dentista tem o papel de auxiliar a equipe multidisciplinar melhorando a eficiência mastigatória, contribuindo para o aumento da auto-estima e conseqüentemente melhorando a qualidade de vida do idoso. No entanto, o sucesso do trabalho do cirurgião dentista está relacionado com a qualidade das próteses bucais e com a correta higiene da mucosa e das próteses desses pacientes. Segundo a literatura pesquisada, as principais lesões bucais provenientes do uso de próteses são as hiperplasias, estomatites, úlceras traumáticas, queilite angular, lesões periodontais e as candidíases.

Formação de rede intersetorial de assistência e prevenção dos transtornos ao uso de álcool e outras drogas

O abuso de álcool e drogas é sabidamente responsável por inúmeros problemas nas mais variadas esferas. Traz implicações à saúde do usuário, à sua função social, familiar e profissional, à saúde de seus familiares, à saúde e à segurança pública, à economia, dentre outros. Historicamente, o uso de substâncias é considerado uma questão de segurança pública e o usuário era considerado um criminoso, em uma visão punitiva. Porém o setor da saúde tem sido paulatinamente valorizado, passando a ser considerado essencial no controle e no tratamento dos usuários. A atenção primária a saúde, entretanto, mostra-se pouco preparada para atender a esta demanda. O objetivo deste trabalho é planejar uma rede intersetorial para assistência e para prevenção aos transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool ou outras drogas. Para tal foi feita uma revisão da literatura no Portal de Pesquisa da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde para a busca de publicações usando as palavras-chave: drogas ilícitas, saúde da família, saúde pública. Foram ainda realizadas reuniões com representantes de instituições de diversos setores, como saúde, segurança pública, assistência social, educação, instituições religiosas e instituições do terceiro setor. Nelas foram planejadas ações intersetoriais integradas e articuladas para a prevenção do uso de substâncias e para assistência aos usuários. Por se tratar de um tema complexo, com múltiplos fatores sociais, biológicos, psicológicos, judiciais, de segurança pública, demonstrou-se essencial o envolvimento destes diversos setores para aumentar a eficácia e eficiência das ações propostas

O uso indiscriminado dos psicotrópicos e o plano de ação para sua redução na população adscrita da UBS Maria da Conceição Rezende no Município de Fortuna de Minas - MG

O uso de psicofármacos tem crescido na sociedade em consonância aos transtornos mentais. Porém a medicalização da saúde tornou se um problema com o uso indiscriminado de psicofármacos sem um diagnóstico consolidado. Na cidade de Fortuna de Minas tal problema foi detalhado através do diagnóstico situacional pelo método de estimativa rápida e revisão aleatória de 60 prontuários da ESF Maria da Conceição Resende. Verificou-se um número elevado de prescrições de psicofármacos sem diagnóstico prévio. A revisão de literatura foi feita nas plataformas BIREME, LILACS e GOOGLE com artigos e publicações de até 20 anos. O objetivo do projeto foi o de reduzir o uso indiscriminado de psicotrópicos por meio do plano de ação baseado no método do PES em dois projetos: o "Mais Vida" que contempla a mudança do estilo de vida e terapêutica liderado com pelo NASF e o segundo projeto o "Me Acolhe" que baseia - se na mudança dos processos de trabalho da APS. Os resultados encontrados após a submissão do projeto nos 60 pacientes foi que houve redução maior de usuários de psicofármacos no gênero feminino, cerca de 30% de redução ao passo que os homens foram de 18%. Fatores como baixa adesão aos grupos, menor uso de substâncias psicoativas lícitas corroboraram para a menor redução nos homens. Contudo, para melhor eficiência do projeto, haverá a participação da equipe do ESF e SMS, visando a mudança no paradigma medicamentoso com melhoria da qualidade de vida e promovendo a saúde da população de Fortuna de Minas

Relação dose-dependente do uso crônico de fenitoína e atrofia cerebelar em pacientes com epilepsia

The chronic treatment with phenytoin or the acute intoxication by this drug may cause permanent cerebellar injury with atrophy of cerebellum vermis and hemispheres, which can be detected by neuroimaging studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the dosage and duration of treatment with phenytoin and the occurrence of cerebellar atrophy. Sixty-six patients were studied and had their tomographies analyzed for cerebellar atrophy. Of the 66 patients studied, 18 had moderate/severe atrophy, 15 had mild atrophy and 33 were considered to be normal. The patients with moderate/severe atrophy were those with higher exposure to phenytoin (longer duration of treatment and higher total dosage) showing statistically significant difference when compared to patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p=0.02). Further, the patients with moderate/severe atrophy had serum levels of phenytoin statistically higher than those of patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p = 0.008). There was no association between other antiepileptic drugs dosage or duration of treatment and degree of cerebellar atrophy. We also found that older patients had cerebellar atrophy more frequently, indicating that age or duration of the seizure disorder may also be important in the determination of cerebellar degeneration in these patients. We conclude that although there is a possibility that repeated seizures contribute to cerebellar damage, long term exposure to phenytoin, particularly in high doses and toxic serum levels, cause cerebellar atrophy.

Uso de membranas de Nafion para a construção de sensores ópticos para medidas de pH

The behaviour of Nafion® polymeric membranes containing acid-base dyes, bromothymol blue (BB) and methyl violet (MV), were studied aiming at constructing an optical sensor for pH measurement. BB revealed to be inadequate for developing sensing phases due to the electrostatic repulsion between negative groups of their molecules and the negative charge of the sulfonate group of the Nafion®, which causes leaching of the dye from the membrane. On the other hand, MV showed to be suitable due to the presence of positive groups in its structure. The membrane prepared from a methanolic solution whose Nafion®/dye molar ratio was 20 presented the best analytical properties, changing its color from green to violet in the pH range from 0.6 to 3.0. The membrane can be prepared with good reproducibility, presenting durability of ca. 6 months and response time of 22 s, making possible its use for pH determination in flow analysis systems.

Comparação da eficiência do processo de ozonização e ozonização catalítica (Mn II e Cu II) na degradação de fenol

This paper discusses the results obtained with homogeneous catalytic ozonation [Mn (II) and Cu (II)] in phenol degradation. The reduction of total phenols and total organic carbon (TOC) and the ozone consumption were evaluated. The efficiency in phenol degradation (total phenol removal) at pH 3, with the catalytic process (Mn (II)), increased from 37% to 55% while the TOC removal increased from 4 to 63% in a seven-minute treatment. The ozonation process efficiency at pH 10 was 43% and 39% for phenol and TOC removal, respectively. The presence of both metallic ions (Mn2+ and Cu+2) in the ozonation process resulted in a positive effect.

Novos sorventes baseados em poli (metiloctilsiloxano) sobre sílica para uso em extração em fase sólida

This paper presents an easy and practical procedure to obtain silica-based C-8 type sorbents for use in solid-phase extraction. The materials are prepared by depositing poly(methyloctylsiloxane), PMOS, on the silica support. Two different treatments for immobilization were used: thermal treatment or gamma irradiation. Suitable recoveries were obtained after pre-concentration of dilute solutions, at the ng/L level, of a mixture of pesticides, indicating the good performance of the materials.

Teores de corantes artificiais em alimentos determinados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência

Synthetic dyes are much used in processed foods. HPLC was applied to different types of snacks, such as colored cereals, chocolate confetti, chewing gums and candies for the determination of those additives. In the case of artificially colored breakfast cereals, 71% of the samples exceeded the allowed limits. Regarding the portions recommended for consumption by the makers of two of the samples, the amounts exceeded those allowed by the Brazilian legislation. In the case of chocolate confetti and candies none of the samples showed higher amounts than those allowed. However 37% of the chewing gum samples presented larger contents than the authorized ones, and one sample contained five times more synthetic dyes than allowed.

Possibilidades e limitações no uso da temperatura em cromatografia líquida de fase reversa

High-temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) is a technique that presents a series of advantages in liquid phase separations, such as: reduced analysis time, reduced pressure drop, reduced asymmetry factors, modified retentions, controlled selectivities, better efficiencies and improved detectivities, as well as permitting green chromatography. The practical limitations that relate to instrumentation and to stationary phase instability are being resolved and this technique is now ready to be applied for routine determinations.

Uso de perfis cromatográficos de voláteis de cafés arábicas torrados para a diferenciação das amostras segundo o sabor, o aroma e a qualidade global da bebida

In this work, the volatile chromatographic profiles of roasted Arabica coffees, previously analyzed for their sensorial attributes, were explored by principal component analysis. The volatile extraction technique used was the solid phase microextraction. The correlation optimized warping algorithm was used to align the gas chromatographic profiles. Fifty four compounds were found to be related to the sensorial attributes investigated. The volatiles pyrrole, 1-methyl-pyrrole, cyclopentanone, dihydro-2-methyl-3-furanone, furfural, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-pyrazine, 2-etenyl-n-methyl-pyrazine, 5-methyl-2-propionyl-furan compounds were important for the differentiation of coffee beverage according to the flavour, cleanliness and overall quality. Two figures of merit, sensitivity and specificity (or selectivity), were used to interpret the sensory attributes studied.

Validação e estimativa da incerteza de método para análise de licopeno e β-caroteno em polpa de tomate por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência

A method to quantify lycopene and β-carotene in freeze dried tomato pulp by high performance liquid chromatography (HLPC) was validated according to the criteria of selectivity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy, and uncertainty estimation of measurement was determined with data obtained in the validation. The validated method presented is selective in terms of analysis, and it had a good precision and accuracy. Detection limit for lycopene and β-carotene was 4.2 and 0.23 mg 100 g-1, respectively. The estimation of expanded uncertainty (K = 2) for lycopene was 104 ± 21 mg 100 g-1 and for β-carotene was 6.4 ± 1.5 mg 100 g-1.

Determinação da densidade de corrente de corrosão em meios de baixa condutividade: uso de microeletrodos para minimizar a queda ôhmica

The gravimetric and electrochemical tests are the most common techniques used in determining the corrosion rate. However, the use of electrochemical polarization is limited to electrolytes with sufficient conductivity for which Tafel curves are linear. In this study, we investigated a technique in which working microelectrodes of AISI 1020 steel were used to obtain the Tafel curves in diesel oil. The strategy was to reduce the electrode area and hence the ohmic drop. The diameter of the microelectrode was reduced to a value where the compensation of the Tafel curves became unnecessary. The results showed that for electrodes with diameters below 50 μm, the ohmic drop tends to a minimum and independent of the microelectrode diameter.

Aplicações de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência para o estudo de poluentes orgânicos emergentes

Emerging organic pollutants (EOP) include many environmental contaminants based on commercial products such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, detergents, gasoline, polymers, etc. EOP may be candidates for future regulation as they offer potential risk to environmental and human health due to their continual entrance into the environment and to the fact that even the most modern wastewater treatment plants are not able to totally transform / remove these compounds. High performance liquid chromatography is recommended to separate emerging organic pollutants with characteristics of high polarity and low volatility, especially pharmaceuticals, from environmental matrices.

Teores de nutrientes na alface irrigada com água residuária aplicada por sistemas de irrigação

A trial was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition in the aerial part of lettuce, cv. 'Elisa', irrigated with wastewater treated with constructed wetland and source deposit water, grown on a Rhodic Hapludox Soil, using the irrigation systems sprinkle, subsurface drip and surface drip irrigation. The experiment was carried out from August 17th to October 3rd of 2001 and the chemical analyses of the lettuce were accomplished to 47 days after transplanting of the seedling. The aerial part of the lettuce was analyzed as for the levels of total nitrogen, nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, sodium, boron, cobalt and molybdenum. The sodium and the sulfur presented higher levels than the maximum suitable in the aerial part of the lettuce and the smallest level of magnesium, while other chemical elements analyzed were normal and appropriate considering the standard for well-nourished plants, not being influenced by the water type. The sodium was the chemical element that presented the highest levels in the aerial part of the lettuce in the treatments irrigated with wastewater, presenting significant difference in relationship to the treatments irrigated with source deposit water in the three irrigation systems. The use of the different irrigation systems by the application of wastewater treated with constructed wetland did not interfere in the levels of nutrients in the aerial part of the lettuce.

Uso de redes neurais artificiais na identificação de vocalização de suínos

Animal welfare has been an important research topic in animal production mainly in its ways of assessment. Vocalization is found to be an interesting tool for evaluating welfare as it provides data in a non-invasive way as well as it allows easy automation of process. The present research had as objective the implementation of an algorithm based on artificial neural network that had the potential of identifying vocalization related to welfare pattern indicatives. The research was done in two parts, the first was the development of the algorithm, and the second its validation with data from the field. Previous records allowed the development of the algorithm from behaviors observed in sows housed in farrowing cages. Matlab® software was used for implementing the network. It was selected a retropropagation gradient algorithm for training the network with the following stop criteria: maximum of 5,000 interactions or error quadratic addition smaller than 0.1. Validation was done with sows and piglets housed in commercial farm. Among the usual behaviors the ones that deserved enhancement were: the feed dispute at farrowing and the eventual risk of involuntary aggression between the piglets or between those and the sow. The algorithm was able to identify through the noise intensity the inherent risk situation of piglets welfare reduction.