Structure du temps de travail des infirmières de santé publique: effets de l'âge des patients, de la nature des prestations fournies et du lieu du contact. [Structure of work times of public health nurses: effect of the age of patients, nature of care given and location of contact].

In the framework of health services research sponsored by the Swiss National Science Foundation, a research was undertaken of the activity of the large majority of the public health nurses working in the Swiss cantons of Vaud and Fribourg (total population 700,000). During one week, 130 nurses gathered, with a specially devised instrument, data on 4165 patient visits. Studying the duration of the contacts, one has distinguished contact duration per se (DC), duration of the travel time preceding the contact (DD), and total duration in relation with the contact (DTC-addition of the first two). It was noted that the three durations increased significantly with patient age (as regard travel time, this is explained by the higher proportion of home visits in higher age groups, as compared with visits at a health center). Examined according to location of the visit, contact duration per se (without travel) is higher for visits at home and in nursing homes than for those taking place at a health center. Looked at in respect to the care given (technical care, or basic nursing care, or both simultaneously), our data show that the provision of basic nursing care (alone or with technical care) doubles contact duration (from 20 to 42-45'). The analyses according to patient age shows that, at an advanced age (beyond 80 years particularly), there is an important increase of the visits where both types of care are given. However, contact duration per se shows a significant raise with age only for the group "technical care only"; it can be demonstrated that this is due to the fact that older patients require more complex technical acts (e.g., bladder care, as compared with simpler acts such as injection). A model of the relationships between patient age and contact duration is proposed: it is because of the increase in the proportions of home visits, of visits including basic nursing care, and of more complex technical acts that older persons require more of the working time of public health nurses.

Contact tracing investigation after professional exposure to tuberculosis in a Swiss hospital using both tuberculin skin test and IGRA.

SETTING: A 950 bed teaching hospital in Switzerland. AIM: To describe the result of a contact investigation among health care workers (HCW) and patients after exposure to a physician with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in a hospital setting using standard tuberculin skin tests (TST) and Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). METHOD: HCW with a negative or unknown TST at hiring had a TST two weeks after the last contact with the index case (T0), repeated six weeks later if negative (T6). All exposed HCW had a T-SPOT.TB at T0 and T6. Exposed patients had a TST six weeks after the last contact, and a T-SPOT.TB if the TST was positive. RESULTS: Among 101 HCW, 17/73 (22%) had a positive TST at T0. TST was repeated in 50 at T6 and converted from negative to positive in eight (16%). Twelve HCW had a positive T-SPOT.TB at T0 and ten converted from negative to positive at T6. Seven HCW with a positive T-SPOT.TB reverted to negative at T6 or at later controls, most of them with test values close to the cut-off. Among 27 exposed patients tested at six weeks, ten had a positive TST, five of them confirmed by a positive T-SPOT.TB. CONCLUSIONS: HCW tested twice after exposure to a case of smear-positive pulmonary TB demonstrated a possible conversion in 10% with T-SPOT and 16% with TST. Some T-SPOT.TB reverted from positive to negative during the follow-up, mostly tests with a value close to the cut-off. Due to the variability of the test results, it seems advisable to repeat the test with values close to the cut-off before diagnosing the presence of a tuberculous infection.

Permanent stallion contact hastens onset of mares' cyclicity after winter anoestrus

The species Equus caballus is characterized as a seasonal polyoestrous herd mammal, providing continuous interactions between stallions and mares in feral herds throughout the year. Under domesticated conditions mares and stallions are stabled and kept separated mostly due to hygienic and safety concerns. Managing mares through the spring transitional phase until they show fertile cycles represents a high multifactorial challenge for horse breeders and veterinarians. The goal of this study was to examine the influence of a permanent stallion contact on the onset of cyclicity in anoestrous mares in the transition period.

Statistique de la production et de la distribution de l'énergie électrique en France... : renseignements provisoires pour l'année... / Ministère des travaux publics, Service central des forces hydrauliques et des distributions d'énergie électrique

1929/01/01.

Statistique de la production et de la distribution de l'énergie électrique en France... : renseignements provisoires pour l'année... / Ministère des travaux publics, Service central des forces hydrauliques et des distributions d'énergie électrique

1927.

Statistique de la production et de la distribution de l'énergie électrique en France... : renseignements provisoires pour l'année... / Ministère des travaux publics, Service central des forces hydrauliques et des distributions d'énergie électrique

1925/01/01.

Statistique de la production et de la distribution de l'énergie électrique en France... : renseignements provisoires pour l'année... / Ministère des travaux publics, Service central des forces hydrauliques et des distributions d'énergie électrique

1928/07/01.

Statistique de la production et de la distribution de l'énergie électrique en France... : renseignements provisoires pour l'année... / Ministère des travaux publics, Service central des forces hydrauliques et des distributions d'énergie électrique

1933.

Statistique de la production et de la distribution de l'énergie électrique en France... : renseignements provisoires pour l'année... / Ministère des travaux publics, Service central des forces hydrauliques et des distributions d'énergie électrique

1931/01/01.

Statistique de la production et de la distribution de l'énergie électrique en France... : renseignements provisoires pour l'année... / Ministère des travaux publics, Service central des forces hydrauliques et des distributions d'énergie électrique

1932.

1/5/20 à Paris, [les forces de l'ordre bloquent les manifestants à hauteur du 50 boulevard du Temple] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59116

1er mai 1920 à Paris, [les forces de l'ordre bloquent les manifestants au carrefour du boulevard de Magenta et de la rue Beaurepaire] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59134

Le général [George Francis] Milne, commandant des forces anglaises dans la Mer Noire, joue au tennis à Constantinople : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59803

Le général [George Francis] Milne [commandant des forces anglaises dans la Mer Noire, joue au tennis à Constantinople] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59804