Social media as an information system : improving the technological agility

There is an increased focus on research involving social media. This research however has failed to catch up with the pace of the technology development and may prove disadvantageous for both practice and theory. The longitudinal study presented in the paper was conducted over a 3-year period involving Australian banks and popular social media technologies. The paper empirically tests the Honeycomb model as a tool that enhances the technological agility of social media. The paper fills a key research gap and provides dynamism to social media strategy formation, continuous improvement of strategy development in support of greater business agility.

The wealth effects of commercial bank securities issuances announcement

Banks are often excluded in corporate finance research mainly because of the regulatory concerns. Compares to non-bank firms, banks are heavily regulated due to its special economic role of money and the uncertainty. Heavy regulation on banks could reduce the information asymmetry between the managers and investor by limiting the behaviour of banks at the time of the Seasoned Equity Offering (SEO), and by increasing the incentive for banks to avoid excessive risk-taking. Therefore, the market may be less likely to assume that bank issued securities signal information that the bank is overvalued compared to their non-bank counterparts. The objective of this thesis is therefore to examine commercial banks issued securities announcement effect. Three interrelated research questions are addressed in this thesis: 1) What is the difference in convertible bond announcement effect between banks and non-banks firm? 2) What is the difference in SEO announcement effect between banks and non-banks? 3) How do the stringency levels of bank regulation impact on the announcement effects of bank issued SEO? By using the U.S. convertible bond and SEO data from 1982 to 2012, I find that the bank issued a convertible bond and SEO announcement experience higher cumulative abnormal return than non-bank. This is consistent with the view that bank regulation reveals positive information about banks. Since banks are heavily regulated, the market is less likely to assume that the issuance of the convertible bond and SEO by banks signals information that is overvalued. These results are robust after controlling for a number of firm-, issue-, and market-specific characteristics. These results are robust by considering the different categories of non-bank industries by undertaking tests in relation to the differences in the CARS upon convertible bond/ SEO across industries, as well as the unbalanced sample between banks and non-banks by using the matched sample analysis. However, the relation between the stringency level of bank regulation and bank issued securities announcement effect may be nonlinear. As hypothesised, I find that bank regulation has an inverted U-shaped relation with the announcement effect of bank SEO by using the SEO data across 21 countries from 2001 to 2012. Under a less bank regulation environment, the market reacts more positively to the bank SEO announcement for an increase in the level of bank regulation. However, the bank SEO announcement effects become more negative if the bank regulation becomes too stringent. This inverted U-shaped relationship is robust after I use the exogenous cross-country, cross-year variation in the timing of the Basel II adoption as the instrument to assess the causal impact of bank regulation on SEO announcement effects. However, the stringency of regulation does not have a significant impact on the announcement effects of involuntary bank equity issuance.

Factores asociados a transfusión sanguínea en el manejo quirúrgico del canal lumbar estrecho en la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá 2003 - 2013

Introduccion: El canal lumbar estrecho es un motivo de consulta frecuente en el servicio de columna de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Derivado del tratamiento quirurgico se pueden generar múltiples complicaciones, entre las que se encuentra la transfusión sanguínea. Objetivo: Identificar los factores sociodemográficos, antecedentes personales y factores quirúrgicos asociados a transfusión sanguínea en cirugía canal lumbar estrecho en la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá 2003- 2013. Materiales y métodos: Se aplicó en diseño de estudio observacional analítico transversal. Se incluyeron 367 pacientes sometidos a cirugía de canal lumbar estrecho a quienes se les analizaron variables de antecedentes personales, características sociodemograficas y factores quirúrgicos. Resultados: La mediana de la edad fue de 57 años y la mayoría de pacientes fueron mujeres (55,6%). La mediana del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) fue de 24,9 clasificado como normal. Entre los antecedentes patológicos, la hipertensión arterial fue el más común (37,3%). La mayoría de pacientes (59,1%) presentaron clasificación ASA de II. El tipo de cirugía más prevalente fue el de descompresión (55,6%). En el 79,8% de los pacientes se intervinieron 2 niveles. Se realizó transfusión de glóbulos rojos en 26 pacientes correspondiente a 7,1% del total. En la mayoría de procedimientos quirúrgicos (42,5%) el sangrado fue clasificado como moderado (50-500 ml). En el modelo explicativo transfusión sanguínea en cirugía de canal lumbar estrecho se incluyen: antecedente de cardiopatía (OR 4,68, P 0,034, IC 1,12 – 19,44), Sangrado intraoperatorio >500ml (OR 6,74, p 0,001, 2,09 – 21,74) y >2 niveles intervenidos (OR 3,97, p 0,023, IC 1,20 – 13,09). Conclusión: Como factores asociados a la transfusión sanguínea en el manejo quirúrgico del canal lumbar estrecho a partir de la experiencia de 10 años en la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá se encontraron: enfermedad cardiaca, sangrado intraoperatorio mayor de 500ml y más de dos niveles intervenidos.

Online banking vs. bricks & mortar - or a hybrid model? A preliminary investigation of Australian and Indian banks

Deregulation, innovations in mobile and wireless technologies and media convergence, together with the rapid diffusion of the Internet, have opened up strategic business opportunities in the financial sector. With deregulation removing entry barriers, an increasing number of online banks are threatening the market share of ‘bricks and mortar’ banks. To survive this competition, and to leverage the new opportunities of online and mobile banking facilitated by the Internet, many banks have adapted a hybrid, ‘clicks and mortar’ model, to increase their profitability while reducing transaction costs. In this paper, we report the results of a preliminary analysis based on a few major banks in Australia and India, two diverse economies, to reveal some interesting insights.

Productivity Growth and Efficiency in Indian Banking: A Comparison of Public, Private, and Foreign Banks

India's public sector banks (PSBs) are compared unfavorably with their private sector counterparts, domestic and foreign. This comparison rests, for the most part, on financial measures of performance, and such a comparison provides much of the rationale for privatization of PSBs.In this paper, we attempt a comparison between PSBs and their private sector counterparts based on measures of productivity that use quantities of outputs and inputs. We employ two measures of productivity: Tornqvist and Malmquist total factor productivity growth. We attempt these comparisons over the period 1992-2000, comparing PSBs with both domestic private and foreign banks. Out of a total of four comparisons we have made, there are no differences in three cases, PSBs do better in two, and foreign banks in one. To put it differently, PSBs are seen to be at a disadvantage in only one out of six comparisons. It is difficult, therefore, to sustain the proposition that efficiency and productivity have been lower in public sector banks relative to their peers in the private sector.

The Georgia bankers' code; a codification of the laws of Georgia on banks, banking and negotiable instruments, with certain miscellaneous provisions.

"Appendix. Official forms adopted by the secretary of state and the state bank examiner": p. [165]-188.

Broker's loans : hearings before the Committee on Banking and Currency, United States Senate, Seventieth Congress, first session, on S. Res. 113, a resolution favoring a restriction of loans by federal reserve banks for speculative purposes. February 9, 29, and March 7, 1928 ...

Peter Norbeck, chairman.

Taxation of shares of preferred stock of banks while owned by Reconstruction finance corporation. Hearings before the Committee on banking and currency, House of representatives, Seventy-fourth Congress, second session, on S. 3978. A bill relating to taxation of shares of preferred stock, capital notes, and debentures of banks while owned by the Reconstruction finance corporation and reaffirming their immunity. March 11 and 12, 1936.

Henry B. Steagall, chairman.

Federal laws affecting national banks, including provisions of U. S. Revised statutes, Federal reserve act, Deposit insurance law, Emergency banking act, Bank conservation act, Banking act of 1933, Banking act of 1935 and other laws affecting the national banking system as of January 1, 1950.

"Compiled to supersede and bring up to date the previous edition, published in 1940."

Federal laws affecting national banks, including provisions of U. S. Revised statutes, Federal reserve act, Deposit insurance law, Emergency banking act, Bank conservation act, Banking act of 1933, Banking act of 1935 and other laws affecting, directly or indirectly, the national banking system, as of January 1, 1936.

On cover: National bank laws as of Jan. 1, 1936

Federal reserve banks : inaccurate reporting of currency at the Los Angeles Branch : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Banking and Financial Services, House of Representatives /

"B-274060"--P. 1.

The impact of Islamic banking on the cost efficiency and productivity change of Malaysian commercial banks

This study employs stochastic frontier analysis to analyze Malaysian commercial banks during 1996-2002, and particularly focuses on determining the impact of Islamic banking on performance. We derive both net and gross efficiency estimates, thereby demonstrating that differences in operating characteristics explain much of the difference in costs between Malaysian banks. We also decompose productivity change into efficiency, technical, and scale change using a generalised Malmquist productivity index. On average, Malaysian banks experience moderate scale economies and annual productivity change of 2.68 percent, with the latter driven primarily by technical change, which has declined over time. Our gross efficiency estimates suggest that Islamic banking is associated with higher input requirements. However, our productivity estimates indicate that full-fledged Islamic banks have overcome some of these cost disadvantages with rapid technical change, although this is not the case for conventional banks operating Islamic windows. Merged banks are found to have higher input usage and lower productivity change, suggesting that bank mergers have not contributed positively to bank performance. Finally, our results suggest that while the East Asian financial crisis had a short-term cost-reducing effect in 1998, the crisis triggered a more lasting negative impact by increasing the volume of non-performing loans.

The impact of Islamic banking on the cost efficiency and productivity change of Malaysian commercial banks

This study employs Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to analyse Malaysian commercial banks during 1996–2002, and particularly focuses on determining the impact of Islamic banking on performance. We derive both net and gross efficiency estimates, thereby demonstrating that differences in operating characteristics explain much of the difference in costs between Malaysian banks. We also decompose productivity change into efficiency, technical, and scale change using a generalized Malmquist productivity index. On average, Malaysian banks experience moderate scale economies and annual productivity change of 2.68%, with the latter driven primarily by Technical Change (TC), which has declined over time. Our gross efficiency estimates suggest that Islamic banking is associated with higher input requirements. However, our productivity estimates indicate that full-fledged Islamic banks have overcome some of these cost disadvantages with rapid TC, although this is not the case for conventional banks operating Islamic windows. Merged banks are found to have higher input usage and lower productivity change, suggesting that bank mergers have not contributed positively to bank performance. Finally, our results suggest that while the East Asian financial crisis had a short-term costreducing effect in 1998, the crisis triggered a long-lasting negative impact by increasing the volume of nonperforming loans.

The level and quality of Value-at-Risk disclosure by commercial banks

In this paper we study both the level of Value-at-Risk (VaR) disclosure and the accuracy of the disclosed VaR figures for a sample of US and international commercial banks. To measure the level of VaR disclosures, we develop a VaR Disclosure Index that captures many different facets of market risk disclosure. Using panel data over the period 1996–2005, we find an overall upward trend in the quantity of information released to the public. We also find that Historical Simulation is by far the most popular VaR method. We assess the accuracy of VaR figures by studying the number of VaR exceedances and whether actual daily VaRs contain information about the volatility of subsequent trading revenues. Unlike the level of VaR disclosure, the quality of VaR disclosure shows no sign of improvement over time. We find that VaR computed using Historical Simulation contains very little information about future volatility.

Relationship between CEO salaries and performance of banks in Australia and Germany

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between CEO salaries and firm performance in the banking sector. Design/methodology/approach: The data relating to a six year period (2007 - 2012) was gathered from databases and the websites of the major banks in Australia and Germany. The data was subjected to Regression and Pearson Correlation Analysis to test if there was a positive correlation between total salary including incentive bonuses against the variables indicating the performance of the firm. Findings: The tests indicate a weak relationship between the CEO salary package and the key indicators of a firm's performance in Australian banks but a strong relationship in the German banks. Research limitations/implications: This study was limited in that it only covers the major banks in Australia and Germany and may therefore not be relevant to different countries with different economic climates. Practical implications: This study provides additional evidence to support the continued debate regarding the need to have greater accountability for CEO salary packages linked to actual performance measures of firms. Originality/value: This paper adds to the literature in so far as it compares two different Countries of the banking sector in a global market