Performance management in primary healthcare services: evidence from a field study

Health services

Visual functional analysis in medical imaging

Aims of study: 1) Describe the importance of human visual system on lesion detection in medical imaging perception research; 2) Discuss the relevance of research in medical imaging addressing visual function analysis; 3) Identify visual function tests which could be conducted on observers prior to participation in medical imaging perception research.

Development of biocompatible and “smart” porous structures using CO2-assisted processes

Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Engenharia Química, especialidade Engenharia da Reacção Química, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Unbalance and field balacing virtual labs

One of the most common problems of rotating machinery is the rotor unbalance. The effects of rotor unbalance can vary from the malfunction of certain equipment to diseases related to the exposure to high vibration levels. However, the balancing procedure is known, it is mandatory to have qualified technicians to perform it. In this sense, the use of virtual balancing experiments is of great interest. The present demo is dedicated to present two different balancing simulators, which can be explored in conjunction, as they have complementary outputs. © 2014 IEEE.

A saúde visual das crianças de um concelho alentejano: um projecto de intervenção precoce

A visão possui um elevado significado no desenvolvimento infantil. A deficiência visual acarreta um impacto negativo na criança no que respeita à sua educação e integração social. No universo populacional existem globalmente cerca de 1 milhão e 500 mil crianças cegas e 19 milhões com algum tipo de deficiência visual, abrangendo a faixa etária dos 0 aos 14 anos. De acordo com a Direcção Geral de Saúde Portuguesa, estima-se a prevalência de 1,00 a 2,5% de ambliopia entre as crianças, em Portugal, constituindo uma das 3 principais causas de hipovisão monocular. Por isso, a prevenção primária e detecção precoces são cada vez mais importantes na redução das taxas de incidência de patologias oculares. A redução dos casos evitáveis de deficiência visual nas crianças alentejanas, é um objectivo importante da Unidade Local de Saúde do Baixo Alentejo (ULSBA), promovendo acções de rastreio visual para o diagnóstico, a referenciação e o encaminhamento precoces. O Alentejo, região do centro-sul de Portugal, é a maior região de Portugal, com 31.551 km2 de área e 757.190 habitantes. Moura é um concelho do Baixo Alentejo, com 958,46 km2 e 15.167 habitantes e 15,83% são crianças dos 0 aos 14 anos. Objectivos do estudo: detectar factores ambliogénicos e caracterizar o estado visual das crianças nascidas em 2009 e que frequentam os jardins-de-infância (JI) públicos, do concelho de Moura, num total de 9.

INbreast: Toward a Full-field Digital Mammographic Database

Rationale and Objectives Computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CAD) systems have been developed in the past two decades to assist radiologists in the detection and diagnosis of lesions seen on breast imaging exams, thus providing a second opinion. Mammographic databases play an important role in the development of algorithms aiming at the detection and diagnosis of mammary lesions. However, available databases often do not take into consideration all the requirements needed for research and study purposes. This article aims to present and detail a new mammographic database. Materials and Methods Images were acquired at a breast center located in a university hospital (Centro Hospitalar de S. João [CHSJ], Breast Centre, Porto) with the permission of the Portuguese National Committee of Data Protection and Hospital's Ethics Committee. MammoNovation Siemens full-field digital mammography, with a solid-state detector of amorphous selenium was used. Results The new database—INbreast—has a total of 115 cases (410 images) from which 90 cases are from women with both breasts affected (four images per case) and 25 cases are from mastectomy patients (two images per case). Several types of lesions (masses, calcifications, asymmetries, and distortions) were included. Accurate contours made by specialists are also provided in XML format. Conclusion The strengths of the actually presented database—INbreast—relies on the fact that it was built with full-field digital mammograms (in opposition to digitized mammograms), it presents a wide variability of cases, and is made publicly available together with precise annotations. We believe that this database can be a reference for future works centered or related to breast cancer imaging.

Liquid crystal beads constrained on thin cellulosic fibers: Electric field induced microrotors and N-I transition

We directly visualize the response of nematic liquid crystal drops of toroidal topology threaded in cellulosic fibers, suspended in air, to an AC electric field and at different temperatures over the N-I transition. This new liquid crystal system can exhibit non-trivial point defects, which can be energetically unstable against expanding into ring defects depending on the fiber constraining geometries. The director anchoring tangentially near the fiber surface and homeotropically at the air interface makes a hybrid shell distribution that in turn causes a ring disclination line around the main axis of the fiber at the center of the droplet. Upon application of an electric field, E, the disclination ring first expands and moves along the fiber main axis, followed by the appearance of a stable "spherical particle" object orbiting around the fiber at the center of the liquid crystal drop. The rotation speed of this particle was found to vary linearly with the applied voltage. This constrained liquid crystal geometry seems to meet the essential requirements in which soliton-like deformations can develop and exhibit stable orbiting in three dimensions upon application of an external electric field. On changing the temperature the system remains stable and allows the study of the defect evolution near the nematic-isotropic transition, showing qualitatively different behaviour on cooling and heating processes. The necklaces of such liquid crystal drops constitute excellent systems for the study of topological defects and their evolution and open new perspectives for application in microelectronics and photonics.

Cultural innovation and transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees:evidence from field experiments

Animal Cognition, V.6, pp. 213-223

Pulsed electric field pre-treatment for apple juice extraction: Evaluation of monopolar and bipolar pulses effects

Additional apple juice extraction with pulsed electric field pretreated apple cubes towards control samples is evaluated. Monopolar and bipolar shaped pulses are compared and their effect is studied with variation of electric field, pulse width and number of pulses. Variation of electric field strength is ranged from 100 V/cm to 1300 V/cm, pulse width from 20 mu s to 300 mu s and number of pulses from 10 to 200, at frequency of 200Hz. Two pulse trains separated by 1 second are applied to all samples. Bipolar pulses showed higher apple juice yields with all studied parameters. Calculation of specific energies consumed was assessed and a threshold where higher energy inputs do not increase juice yield is found for a number of used parameters. Qualitative parameters of total soluble matter (Brix) and absorbance at 390 nm wavelength were determined for each sample and results show that no substantial differences are found for PEF pre-treated and control samples.

Sistema visual para Ground Truth de sistemas autónomos

Este trabalho visa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de visão multi-câmara para determinação da localização, atitude e seguimento de múltiplos objectos, para ser utilizado na unidade de robótica do INESCTEC, e resulta da necessidade de ter informação externa exacta que sirva de referência no estudo, caracterização e desenvolvimento de algoritmos de localização, navegação e controlo de vários sistemas autónomos. Com base na caracterização dos veículos autónomos existentes na unidade de robótica do INESCTEC e na análise dos seus cenários de operação, foi efectuado o levantamento de requisitos para o sistema a desenvolver. Foram estudados os fundamentos teóricos, necessários ao desenvolvimento do sistema, em temas relacionados com visão computacional, métodos de estimação e associação de dados para problemas de seguimento de múltiplos objectos . Foi proposta uma arquitectura para o sistema global que endereça os vários requisitos identi cados, permitindo a utilização de múltiplas câmaras e suportando o seguimento de múltiplos objectos, com ou sem marcadores. Foram implementados e validados componentes da arquitectura proposta e integrados num sistema para validação, focando na localização e seguimento de múltiplos objectos com marcadores luminosos à base de Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Nomeadamente, os módulos para a identi cação dos pontos de interesse na imagem, técnicas para agrupar os vários pontos de interesse de cada objecto e efectuar a correspondência das medidas obtidas pelas várias câmaras, método para a determinação da posição e atitude dos objectos, ltro para seguimento de múltiplos objectos. Foram realizados testes para validação e a nação do sistema implementado que demonstram que a solução encontrada vai de encontro aos requisitos, e foram identi cadas as linhas de trabalho para a continuação do desenvolvimento do sistema global.

A inserção profissional de docentes (ou ex-docentes) portadores de deficiência

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Ciências da Educação- Especialidade Educação Especial

High-performance flexible hybrid field-effect transistors based on cellulose fiber paper

IEEE Electron Device Letters, VOL. 29, NO. 9,

Visual function assessment in medical imaging research

Background - Medical image perception research relies on visual data to study the diagnostic relationship between observers and medical images. A consistent method to assess visual function for participants in medical imaging research has not been developed and represents a significant gap in existing research. Methods - Three visual assessment factors appropriate to observer studies were identified: visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis. A test was designed for each, and 30 radiography observers (mean age 31.6 years) participated in each test. Results - Mean binocular visual acuity for distance was 20/14 for all observers. The difference between observers who did and did not use corrective lenses was not statistically significant (P = .12). All subjects had a normal value for near visual acuity and stereoacuity. Contrast sensitivity was better than population norms. Conclusion - All observers had normal visual function and could participate in medical imaging visual analysis studies. Protocols of evaluation and populations norms are provided. Further studies are necessary to understand fully the relationship between visual performance on tests and diagnostic accuracy in practice.

Função visual e risco de quedas em idosos do concelho de Loures: um estudo exploratório

O processo de envelhecimento fisiológico é marcado por um decréscimo das capacidades motoras, redução da força, flexibilidade, função visual, entre outros. Adicionalmente, alterações patológicas do sistema visual com impacto na função visual podem alterar o equilíbrio e aumentar o risco de quedas. Os indivíduos com idade ≥ 50 anos representam entre 65% a 82% dos casos de baixa visão e cegueira. O risco de quedas é superior em mulheres com acuidade visual ≤0,5. Objectivo do estudo: avaliar a relação entre a função visual e o risco de quedas.

Visual programming of XSLT from examples

Vishnu is a tool for XSLT visual programming in Eclipse - a popular and extensible integrated development environment. Rather than writing the XSLT transformations, the programmer loads or edits two document instances, a source document and its corresponding target document, and pairs texts between then by drawing lines over the documents. This form of XSLT programming is intended for simple transformations between related document types, such as HTML formatting or conversion among similar formats. Complex XSLT programs involving, for instance, recursive templates or second order transformations are out of the scope of Vishnu. We present the architecture of Vishnu composed by a graphical editor and a programming engine. The editor is an Eclipse plug-in where the programmer loads and edits document examples and pairs their content using graphical primitives. The programming engine receives the data collected by the editor and produces an XSLT program. The design of the engine and the process of creation of an XSLT program from examples are also detailed. It starts with the generation of an initial transformation that maps source document to the target document. This transformation is fed to a rewrite process where each step produces a refined version of the transformation. Finally, the transformation is simplified before being presented to the programmer for further editing.