Olfactory attractiveness of mixtures of some host plant and conspecific semiochemicals to the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar, 1824)

A simple "Y" shaped olfactometer was used in laboratory studies on the olfactory attractiveness of mixtures in various proportions of industrial analogues of some host plant and conspecific-based semiochemicals, or their combinations with banana rhizome, to the banana weevil. The aim was to identify factors that influence their attractiveness to the weevil, and consider the possibility for their use as lures for trapping the weevil in the field. Cosmopolites sordidus was attracted to the mixtures at specific concentrations and proportions of constituent chemicals. 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one was only attractive on its own at 1 µl/100 ml and in mixture with 4- mercaptophenol, but not at 10 µl, 0.01 µl, or in combination with banana rhizome. 4-mercaptohpenol and 2-n-butylfuran, which were compatible with most host plant-based chemicals and were attractive as a mixture, were perceived to be key elements in the composition of attractants to the weevil. It was concluded that in addition to the composition, other factors that may determine the attractiveness or otherwise of a mixture to C. sordidus are the proportions and concentrations of the constituent chemicals.

I Fängelset : Regler och disciplinära åtgärder mot internerna på Falu fångvårdsanstalt under 1900-1905 och 1950-1955

Syftet med denna C-uppsats är att se vilka förändringar som ägde rum på Falu fångvårdsanstalt mellan två skilda perioder. Fokus ligger på de disciplinära åtgärder som vidtogs mot fångar som på något vis misskött sig på anstalten. Ena perioden är mellan 1900-1905 och den andra perioden är mellan 1950-1955. Under 1946 ägde en reformering av Svenska fångvården rum. Före detta år satt internerna isolerade i ensamceller och fick varken träffa eller språka med någon annan fånge under sin fängelsevistelse. Efter 1946 trädde reglementeringen i kraft där fångarna fick träffa varandra och samtala. Interner erhöll mer frihet än innan och den strikta ordning som funnits innan avtog så smått. Frågan som ställs i arbetet är vilka förändringar som går att finna före och efter 1946 års reglementering. Fången fick mer frihet efter detta år, men paradoxalt nog ökade skötsamhetsöverträdelserna efter 1946. De disciplinära åtgärderna fördubblades nästan i jämförelse med tidigare period. Det ökade förtroendet för internerna renderade i en högre grad av oordning på Falu fängelse och resultatet av undersökningen visar att det förekom fler förseelser 1950-1955 än 1900-1905. Källmaterialet till undersökningen består i huvudsak av förhörsprotokoll och straffjournaler från Falu fängelse för angiven tid, vilka har studerats på landsarkivet i Uppsala.

Estabelecimento da composição volátil do nutriente FNI 210 usado pela Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) e dos extratos de diferentes espécies de plantas avaliação do potencial atrativo e repelente das plantas: avaliação do potencial atrativo e repelente das plantas

A mosca da fruta é uma das principais pragas agrícolas. Neste trabalho determinou-se a composição volátil do nutriente FNI 210 (proteína alimentar) e dos extratos de cinco plantas: Cedronella canariensis, Eucalyptus globulus, Laurus novocanariensis, Myrtus communis e Ruta chalepensis e avaliou-se o seu potencial atrativo e repelente em moscas adultas num olfatómetro em Y. A composição volátil do nutriente e dos extratos foi semelhante à encontrada por outros autores e apresentou compostos atrativos para a mosca da fruta. Nos bioensaios com o olfatómetro as moscas foram atraídas à proteína mas a percentagem média de respostas variou de acordo com o sexo, estado sexual, idade e número de indivíduos por grupo sendo mais alta aos 8 dias em grupos de 5. No geral, as fêmeas virgens responderam mais do que as não virgens e mais do que os machos virgens. O número de insetos que se dirigiram à proteína foi superior na primeira repetição nos primeiros 10 e 20 minutos. Contudo, em todos os bioensaios houve um número elevado de indivíduos não responderam. Nos bioensaios das plantas a resposta do mesmo grupo de 5 indivíduos com 8 dias foi testada três vezes no olfatómetro pela ordem seguinte: sem amostra, com proteína e com extrato de planta. Nos três casos as respostas dos adultos variaram de acordo com o sexo e estado sexual. As percentagens médias de respostas aos extratos foram superiores às obtidas nos ensaios sem amostra e menores que à proteína, á exceção do extrato de L. novocanariensis que apresentou um potencial atrativo superior ao da proteína nos machos virgens. Nos testes com o extrato, as respostas ao braço com amostra foram superiores ao braço sem amostra, à exceção das respostas das fêmeas não virgens ao extrato de R. chalepensis, o que sugere ser esta a única planta com potencial repelente.

Atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória de uma fração rica em heterogalactana sulfatada extraída da alga codium isthmocladum (vickers 1905)

Sulfated polysaccharides comprise a complex group of macromolecules with a range of several biological activities, including antiviral activity, anticoagulant, antiproliferative, antiherpética, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. These anionic polymers are widely distributed in tissues of vertebrates, invertebrates and algae. Seaweeds are the most abundant sources of sulfated polysaccharides in nature. The green algal sulfated polysaccharides are homo or heteropolysaccharides comprised of galactose, glucose, arabinose and/or glucuronic acid. They are described as anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-angiogenic, antitumor compounds. However, there are few studies about elucidation and evaluation of biological/pharmacological effects of sulfated polysaccharides obtained from green algae, for example, there is only one paper reporting the antinociceptive activity of sulfated polysaccharides of these algae. Therefore this study aimed to obtain sulfated polysaccharides of green seaweed Codium isthmocladum and evaluates them as potential antinociceptive agents. Thus, in this study, the total extract of polysaccharides of green alga C. isthmocladum was obtained by proteolytic digestion, followed by fractionation resulting in five fractions (F0.3, F0.5, F0.7, F0.9 and F1.2) by sequential precipitation with acetone. Using the test of abdominal contractions we observed that the fraction F0.9 was the most potent antinociceptive aompound. F0.9 consists mainly of a sulfated heterogalactana. More specific tests showed that Fo.9 effect is dose and time dependent, reaching a maximum at 90 after administration (10 mg / kg of animal). F0.9 is associated with TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors and inhibits painful sensation in animals. Furthermore, F0.9 inhibits the migration of lymphocytes induced peritonitis test. On the other hand, stimulates the release of NO and TNF-α. These results suggest that F0.9 has the potential to be used as a source of sulfated galactan antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory

Resistência de genótipos de batata (Solanum spp.) a Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Chaunus ictericus (Spix, 1824) as paratenic host of the giant kidney worm Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda: Enoplida) in Sao Cristovao district, Tres Barras county, Santa Catarina state, Brazil

Dioctophyme renale larvae have been found in cysts in the gastric wall of 5.17% (3/58) Chaunus ictericus specimens from Sao Cristovao district, Tres Barras municipality, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. However, larvae of this nematode were not found in sympatric Chaunus schneideri. The larvae caused a mild granulomatous reaction. This is the first report of paratenic hosts for D. renale in Brazil, and probably is also the first in the Neotropical region. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as parasitoid of the eucalyptus defoliator Eupseudosoma aberrans Schaus, 1905 (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)