Análisis de la responsabilidad social practicada por las universidades cuya sede está en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito

El desarrollo del presente trabajo investigativo se fundamenta en una visión global sobre la responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU) que gestionan los centros de educación superior ubicados en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. El propósito fundamental de este trabajo es analizar los supuestos teóricos y las prácticas de responsabilidad social universitaria llevadas a cabo por las universidades, cuya sede está en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, las mismas que nos permitan desarrollar un contraste de la teoría y la práctica de la responsabilidad social universitaria, para identificar los comportamientos comunes y discrepancias de la aplicación o gestión de la RSU en los establecimiento de educación superior analizados. El estudio inicia detallando los aspectos generales de la responsabilidad social empresarial y aspectos teóricos de la responsabilidad social universitaria, impactos, grupos de interés, principales variables, subraya la importancia de la RSU en el Ecuador y el aporte que significa para el desarrollo de la categorización de las universidades en el país. Luego el estudio procede a analizar e identificar las universidades tomando en consideración las etapas de revisión bibliográfica (Identificación de variables), revisión documental (matrices comparativas) y la investigación de campo (entrevistas a profundidad) para generar un sistema de matrices que nos permitan contrastar las prácticas de RSU sobre una misma base de estudio. Finalmente a partir de los elementos anteriores, el estudio conlleva a desarrollar un análisis comparativo de las matrices para contrastar las prácticas de responsabilidad social universitaria y explicar su comportamiento.

La participación privada en la prestación de los servicios de salud en la seguridad social

El interés del presente estudio radica en resaltar la importancia que tiene el sector privado como prestador de servicios de salud dentro del esquema de la seguridad social, en virtud de la creciente demanda de servicios que se viene dando en este sector y por cuanto la seguridad social, representada en el Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social IESS, si bien ha incrementado su oferta en infraestructura y por ende con ello parcialmente ha dado respuesta positiva dentro del colectivo ciudadano, esto ha sido posible también debido a las alianzas efectuadas con los hospitales y clínicas privadas que ha incorporado a su red a nivel nacional, lo que ha generado como resultado en la ciudadanía una importante aceptación de los servicios de salud prestados por el IESS debido a la credibilidad con la que cuenta el sector privado en este ámbito, esto debido a que en muchas partes del país, el usuario de los servicios de salud del IESS es derivado a los hospitales y clínicas privadas con las que tiene convenio, por cuanto el sistema de seguridad social no está en la capacidad de poder asistir a un usuario con sus propias coberturas e instalaciones o bien porque simplemente no tiene presencia en determinada región del país. Este estudio no pretende maximizar a un sector en desmedro de otro, sino resaltar la necesidad de propiciar los espacios de colaboración entre estos dos sectores tradicionales, toda vez que esta alianza puede dar resultados favorables en beneficio de los usuarios que buscan la eficiencia y calidad en la prestación los servicios públicos, tan necesarios en nuestra cotidianeidad.

El movimiento social constituido por los barrios del Noroccidente de Quito: organización, estructuras, objetivos y repertorios (Actualidad)

El documento presenta una breve historia de los movimientos sociales que surgieron en el Noroccidente de Quito, y que nacieron de los barrios populares que reivindicaron su derecho a la vivienda digna y adecuada como lo prescribe el actual artículo 30 de la Constitución del Ecuador. Este documento realiza un análisis de los objetivos, el espacio que utilizan y los repertorios que se han implementado para cumplir con dichos objetivos. También analiza cómo los barrios del Noroccidente lograron organizarse en lo que se conoce como la Federación de Barrios del Noroccidente como eje principal para fomentar la exigibilidad de derechos a la vivienda y a tener servicios básicos que permiten que la vivienda sea un lugar adecuado y digno para el desarrollo de la vida priva y las relaciones familiares.

De la hacienda rural al Quito urbano. El caso del barrio La Concordia No.1

Este estudio recopila y analiza información sobre el proceso de crecimiento urbano en uno de los antiguos anejos de la parroquia de Chillogallo, conocido como La Concordia #1, durante el período 1950-2010. La investigación explora la dimensión espacial y los sentidos de pertenencia para entender cómo este asentamiento, que es una calle, se convirtió en un barrio y cuáles son las repercusiones de las transformaciones urbanísticas en la identidad de sus habitantes. El trabajo se sustenta en la recopilación de fuentes orales, en la experiencia etnográfica de la investigadora como ex habitante del asentamiento, en la compilación de información en varios archivos de la capital y en la elaboración de cartografías sobre los usos y transformaciones del espacio. De manera que se ha producido una dialéctica entre los diferentes tipos de fuentes, tamizada en el diálogo con las reflexiones teóricas sobre la memoria, la identidad y el espacio, y que se ha puesto en relación con el contexto urbano y social de Quito en la segunda mitad del siglo XX e inicios del s. XXI. Lo que en conjunto permite apreciar la experiencia socio-cultural de estas personas durante la transición del campo a la ciudad, que ocurrió en el Sur de Quito desde mediados del siglo XX, con una fuerte escalada entre las décadas de 1970 y 1990.

Championing the rhetoric: corporate social responsibility in the Ghanaian mining sector

This paper contributes to a growing body of literature that critically examines how mining companies are embracing community development challenges in developing countries, drawing on experiences from Ghana. Despite receiving considerable praise from the donor and industry communities, the actions being taken by Ghana's major mining companies to foster community development are facilitating few improvements in the rural regions where activities take place. Companies are generally implementing community development programmes that are incapable of alleviating rural hardship and are coordinating destructive displacement exercises. The analysis serves as a stark reminder that mining companies are not charities and engage with African countries strictly for commercial purposes.

Livelihood diversification and moneylending in a Rajasthan village: what lessons for rural financial services?

The complexity of rural economies in developing countries is increasingly recognised, as is the need to tailor poverty reduction policies according to the diversity of rural households and their requirements. By reference to a village in Western India, the paper examines the results of a longitudinal micro-level research approach, employed for the study of livelihood diversification and use of informal finance. Over a 25-year period, livelihoods are shown to have become more complex, in terms of location, types of non-farm activities, and combinations of activities. Moreover, livelihood pathways taken continue to be critically affected by economic and social inequalities implicit in the caste system and tribal economy. A longitudinal micro-level research approach is shown to be one that can effectively identify the many complexities of rural livelihoods and the continued dependence on the informal financial sector, providing important insights into the requirements for rural financial products and services.

Training to address attitudes and behaviour of rural bank managers in Madhya Pradesh, India: A programme to facilitate financial inclusion

Given their physical presence in India, banks are arguably well-placed to improve financial inclusion in rural areas. However, uncertain repayment capacities and high transaction costs mean formal financial institutions are often reluctant to lend to the rural poor. Conversely, high transaction costs in dealing with banks are also incurred by clients, through, for example, lengthy, cumbersome and potentially ignominious procedures. Negative attitudes towards poor clients can be an important component of such transaction costs. An applied research project funded by the Enterprise Development Innovation Fund (EDIF-DFID) developed an innovative training programme designed to encourage more positive attitudes of bank staff towards poor clients, and towards their own role in rural poverty alleviation and development. This paper examines the development of the training programme, its implementation, and the results of its evaluation. It is shown that training can bring about attitudinal change, which in turn is reflected in behaviour and social impact.

Training to address attitudes and behaviour of rural bank managers in Madhya Pradesh, India: a programme to facilitate financial inclusion

Given their physical presence in India, banks are arguably well-placed to improve financial inclusion in rural areas. However, uncertain repayment capacities and high transaction costs mean formal financial institutions are often reluctant to lend to the rural poor. Conversely, high transaction costs in dealing with banks are also incurred by clients, through, for example, lengthy, cumbersome and potentially ignominious procedures. Negative attitudes towards poor clients can be an important component of such transaction costs. An applied research project funded by the Enterprise Development Innovation Fund (EDIF-DFID) developed an innovative training programme designed to encourage more positive attitudes of bank staff towards poor clients, and towards their own role in rural poverty alleviation and development. This paper examines the development of the training programme, its implementation, and the results of its evaluation. It is shown that training can bring about attitudinal change, which in turn is reflected in behaviour and social impact. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Attitudes of rural branch managers in Madhya Pradesh, India, toward their role as providers of financial services to the poor

Discussions on banking reforms to reduce financial exclusion have referred little to possible attitudinal constraints, on the part of staff at both branch and institutional levels, inhibiting the provision of financial services to the poor. The research project, funded by the ESCOR (now Social Science Research) Small Grants Committee, has focused on this aspect of financial exclusion. The research commenced in May 2001 and was completed in April 2002. Profiles of the rural bank branch managers, including personal background, professional background and workplace, are presented. Attitudes of managers toward aspects of their work environment and the rural poor are examined, using results from both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Finally, the emerging policy implications are discussed. These include bank reforms to address human resource management, the work environment, intermediate bank management and organization, and the client interface.

Religious schools, social values, and economic attitudes: evidence from Bangladesh

This paper uses new data on female graduates of registered secondary secular schools and madrasas from rural Bangladesh and tests whether there exist attitudinal gaps by school type and what teacher-specific factors explain these gaps. Even after controlling for a rich set of individual, family and school traits, we find that madrasa graduates differ on attitudes associated with issues such as working mothers, desired fertility, and higher education for girls, when compared to their secular schooled peers. On the other hand, madrasa education is associated with attitudes that are still conducive to democracy. We also find that exposure to female and younger teacher is associated with more favorable attitudes among graduates.

Private investment in the countryside: an assessment of the role of new houses and estates in sustaining the rural economy and environment

The British countryside has been shaped and sustained over the years by the establishment of landed estates. Some of our best known, and now most protected, landmarks derive from this tradition by which money, that was often sourced from outside the rural economy, was invested in land. Whilst there was some reversal in this trend during the last century, there is again a widespread desire among people of means to invest in new country property. Paragraph 3.21 of Planning Policy Guidance Note 7: The Countryside - Environmental Quality and Economic and Social Development was introduced in 1997 as a means of perpetuating the historic tradition of innovation in the countryside through the construction of fine individual houses in landscaped grounds. That it was considered necessary to use a special provision of this kind reflects the prevailing presumption of planning authorities against allowing private residential development in open countryside. The Government is currently reviewing rural planning policy and is focusing on higher density housing, affordable homes and the use of brownfield sites. There is an underlying conception that individual private house developments contribute nothing and are seen as the least attractive option for most development sites. The purpose of paragraph 3.21 lies outside the government’s priorities and its particular provisions may therefore be excluded in forthcoming ‘policy statements’. This paper seeks to examine the role of private investors wishing to build new houses in the countryside, and the impact that that might have on local economies. It explores the interpretation placed on PPG7 through an investigation of appeal sites, and concludes by making recommendations for the review process, including the retention of some form of exceptions policy for new build houses.

State and society in the English countryside: the rural community movement 1918-1939

This paper assesses the relationship between state and society in interwar rural England, focusing on the hitherto neglected role of the Rural Community Councils (RCCs). The rise of statutory social provision in the early twentieth century created new challenges and opportunities for voluntaryism, and the rural community movement was in part a response. The paper examines the early development of the movement, arguing that a crucial role was played by a close-knit group of academics and local government officials. While largely eschewing party politics, they shared a commitment to citizenship, democracy and the promotion of rural culture; many of them had been close associates of Sir Horace Plunkett. The RCCs engaged in a wide range of activities, including advisory work, adult education, local history, village hall provision, support for rural industries and an ambivalent engagement with parish councils. The paper concludes with an assessment of the achievements of the rural community movement, arguing that it was constrained by its financial dependence on voluntary contributions.