Bt毒素在转基因棉花与土壤系统中的分布

研究了转Bt基因棉花与土壤系统中Bt毒素的分布.结果表明,两种转Bt基因棉花地上部(叶片、茎秆)的毒素表达量(103.5~134.1 ng.g-1)显著高于地下部分(根系)(44.7~21.2 ng.g-1),土壤中Bt毒素总量可通过转基因棉花地上部分秸秆的处理得到控制;Bt毒素在转Bt基因棉花根系分泌物中的含量极低,如果控制Bt毒素的其它导入来源,将显著降低转Bt基因作物释放中因Bt毒素导入而引发的对土壤生态系统的扰动.

Repeatedly usable immobilized pH gradient in a monolithic capillary column

Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) were used to synthesize a monolithic capillary column containing reactive epoxy groups. Glutaraldehyde was introduced and linked to the monolith after a process of amination. An aqueous solution of commercial carrier ampholytes (CAs, Ampholine) was focused in such a polymer column. The primary amino groups of CAs reacted with glutaraldehyde along the capillary. CAs were immobilized at different positions in the column according to their isoelectric points (pl), resulting in a monolithic immobilized pH gradient (M-IPG). Isoelectric focusing (IEF) was performed without CAs in such an M-IPG column. Due to the covalent attachment of the CAs this M-IPG can be repeatedly used after its preparation. Good stability, linearity, and reproducibility were obtained.

感染糠虾的三种病原体的形态观察

感染糠虾的三种病原体的形态观察＊国际翔王丽霞李文清刘丹（中国科学院沈阳应用生态所，沈阳１１００１５）糠虾属软甲亚纲（Ｍａｌａｃｏｓｔｒａｃａ），糠虾目（Ｍｙｓｉｄｃｅａ）。在我国北部黄渤海沿岸糠虾的产量很大，年产量几十万斤。不仅可供食用，也是人工养殖...

科尔沁沙地两种典型乔灌木耗水特点

以科尔沁沙地典型固沙植物小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla Lam.5年生)和樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litrin,7年生)为研究对象,栽植于可渗漏式生长箱,应用TDR水分仪测定生长季节土壤水分变化,依据土壤水分平衡理论推算单位面积植被区的蒸散量。经2a研究,在相同栽植密度下(1m×1m),樟子松植被区土壤贮水量高于小叶锦鸡儿植被区;在不同栽植密度下,小叶锦鸡儿土壤贮水量以1m×2m密度区高于1m×1m密度区。生长季节单位面积土壤蒸散量以小叶锦鸡儿(1m×1m)最高,小叶锦鸡儿(1m×2m)其次,樟子松(1m×1m)最低。单丛/株蒸散量以小叶锦鸡儿(1m×2m)最高,小叶锦鸡儿(1m×1m)其次,樟子松(1m×1m)最低。在试验所涉及的特定年龄阶段,小叶锦鸡儿植被区蒸散耗水量高于樟子松区,土壤水分含量低于樟子松区。生产实践中应根据植物耗水特点选择适宜的固沙物种和栽植方式,以保证人工固沙植被区土壤水分的收支平衡。

空间直观景观模型在呼中林区土壤侵蚀预测研究中的初步应用

土壤通用流失方程 (USLE)已被广泛应用于大尺度的土壤侵蚀预测 .在以往的土壤侵蚀研究中 ,由于只能获得静态的植被图 ,土壤通用流失方程只能用于土壤侵蚀的静态估算 .空间直观景观模型能在大尺度上模拟植被动态 ,为土壤通用流失方程提供动态的植被因子 ,从而使土壤侵蚀的动态模拟成为可能 .本研究结合空间直观景观模型LANDIS和土壤通用流失修正方程 ,以大兴安岭呼中林区为研究区 ,动态地模拟未来 6 5 0年内有采伐和无采伐预案下的土壤侵蚀量 ;同时以无火无采伐预案下的土壤侵蚀为对比值 .结果表明 ,土壤侵蚀量随时间变化呈周期性的波动 ,其波动程度在无火无采伐预案下最小 ,而在有火无采伐预案下最大 ;采伐对土壤侵蚀的影响没有火对土壤侵蚀的影响在空间上表现得明显 ,但是其累积效果则比火的影响强 ;降低采伐所产生的裸露土能有效降低年平均土壤侵蚀量 ,但是对土壤侵蚀动态变化的影响不明显 ;虽然采伐增加使平均土壤侵蚀量增加 ,但是也同时使土壤侵蚀的年际变化更趋于平稳 .

小柏根和白石清热冲剂废渣栽培平菇试验

小柏根和白石清热冲剂废渣栽培平菇试验姚志红（中国科学院沈阳应用生态所，１１００１５）随着食用菌栽培业的迅速发展，棉子皮等一些传统生产原料供不应求或价格过高的问题日趋突出，在非产棉地区更成了生产发展的限制因素。因此，不断挖掘当地可利用的潜在资源，开辟新...

The investigation of exfoliation process of organic modified montmorillonite in thermoplastic polyurethane with different molecular weights

Cloisite 30B (30B) was melt-mixed with two kinds of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with different molecular weights to discern the roles of molecular diffusion and shear in the exfoliation process. The higher level of exfoliation was achieved in TPU matrix with higher molecular weight due to the appropriate viscosity. In order to have an insight into the mechanism of exfoliation, the degree of dispersion and exfoliation of 30B was characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The layers of 30B were exfoliated via a slippage process, which was also observed in polyamide 12 nanocomposites recently.

Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase immobilized in sol-gel-derived ceramic-carbon nanotube nanocomposite film

The sol-gel-derived ceramic-carbon nanotube (SGCCN) nanocomposite film fabricated by doping multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) into a silicate get matrix was used to immobilize protein. The SGCCN film can provide a favorable microenvironment for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to perform direct electron transfer (DET) at glassy carbon electrode. The HRP immobilized in the SGCCN film shows a pair of well-defined redox waves and retains its bioelectrocatalytic activity to the reduction of O-2 and H2O2, which is superior to that immobilized in silica sol-gel film.

Compatibility and specific interactions in poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(p-vinylphenol) blends

The miscibility and specific interactions in poly (beta-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/poly(p-vinylphenol) (PVPh) blends were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) , fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometer and high resolution solid state C-13 NMR, A single composition-dependent glass transition temperatures were obtained by DSC which indicate the blends of PHB/PVPh were miscible in the melt state, The experimental glass transition temperatures were fitted quite well with those obtained from Couchman-Karasz equation. The FTIR study shows that the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding exists in blends of PHB with strong proton acceptor and PVPh with strong proton donor and is the origin of its compatibility. The CPMAS C-13 NMR spectra also show that the strong hydrogen bonding exists in PHB/PVPh blends. From the T-1 rho(H) relaxation time it follows that the blends of PHB/PVPh(40/60, 20/80) studied are completely homogeneous on the scale of about 3.2 nm.

PHB／PVPh共混体系的相容性及分子间的特殊相互作用

ＰＨＢ／ＰＶＰｈ共混体系的相容性及分子间的特殊相互作用邢佩祥，董丽松，冯汉桥，安玉贤，庄宇钢，冯之榴（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所高分子物理开放实验室，长春，１３００２２；中国科学院武汉物理研究所波谱与原子分子实验室）关键词氢键，相容性，聚（β－羟基...

Cloning, characterization, and molecular application of a beta-agarase gene from Vibrio sp strain V134

V134, a marine isolate of the Vibrio genus, was found to produce a new beta-agarase of the GH16 family. The relevant agarase gene agaV was cloned from V134 and conditionally expressed in Escherichia coli. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that the optimum temperature and pH for the purified recombinant agarase were around 40 degrees C and 7.0. AgaV was demonstrated to be useful in two aspects: first, as an agarolytic enzyme, the purified recombinant AgaV could be employed in the recovery of DNA from agarose gels; second, as a secretion protein, AgaV was explored at the genetic level and used as a reporter in the construction of a secretion signal trap which proved to be a simple and efficient molecular tool for the selection of genes encoding secretion proteins from both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

A serpin from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis is responsive to bacteria and WSSV challenge

Arthropod defence responses (e.g. prophenoloxidase (proPO) activation and Toll pathway initiation) are mediated by serine proteinase cascades and regulated by serpins in haemolymph. A serpin (Fc-serpin) cDNA was cloned from the haemocytes of Fenneropenaeus chinensis by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR and haemocyte cDNA library screening. The full-length cDNA consists of 1734 bp, encoding 411 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 46.55 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 7.70. Fc-serpin contains a typical serpin-like homologue (serine proteinase inhibitors domain). The deduced protein contains a putative signal peptide of 19 amino acids and the serpin's signature sequence ((FHCNRPFLFLI389)-F-379). Fc-serpin showed some identity with Pacifastacus leniusculus serpin (42%) and Manduca sexta serpin-6 (34%). The reactive centre loop (RCL) sequences of Fc-serpin, P leniusculus serpin, M. sexta serpin-6 and Bombyx mori serpin-2 are highly similar. An Arg at the PI position of the reactive site indicates that Fc-serpin may have inhibitory activity against prophenoloxidase activating proteinase (PAP) and clotting enzyme. Transcripts of Fc-serpin mRNA were mainly detected in haemocytes and the lymphoid organ by RT-PCR. The variation of the mRNA transcription level in haemocytes followed by artificial infection with bacteria OF white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was quantified by SYBR Green real-time PCR analysis. Expression profiles of Fc-serpin greatly fluctuated after challenge. This work represents the first report Of a serpin in penaeid shrimp. The data provide clues that Fc-serpin might play potential roles in the innate immunity of shrimp. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.