Phylogenetic relationships of Malassezia species based on multilocus sequence analysis

Members of the genus Malassezia are lipophilic basidiomycetous yeasts, which are part of the normal cutaneous microbiota of humans and other warm-blooded animals. Currently, this genus consists of 14 species that have been characterized by phenetic and molecular methods. Although several molecular methods have been used to identify and/or differentiate Malassezia species, the sequencing of the rRNA genes and the chitin synthase-2 gene (CHS2) are the most widely employed. There is little information about the beta-tubulin gene in the genus Malassezia, a gene has been used for the analysis of complex species groups. The aim of the present study was to sequence a fragment of the beta-tubulin gene of Malassezia species and analyze their phylogenetic relationship using a multilocus sequence approach based on two rRNA genes (ITS including 5.8S rRNA and D1/D2 region of 26S rRNA) together with two protein encoding genes (CHS2 and beta-tubulin). The phylogenetic study of the partial beta-tubulin gene sequences indicated that this molecular marker can be used to assess diversity and identify new species. The multilocus sequence analysis of the four loci provides robust support to delineate species at the terminal nodes and could help to estimate divergence times for the origin and diversification of Malassezia species.

Viabilidade de turbinas eólicas de pequeno porte no Brasil

Facing a global scenario where oil is scarce and the emission of CO2 in the atmosphere is a world concern, the search for new methods of energy production becomes the focus of all countries. Based on these assumptions, the wind power gains highlight and happen to be the most exploited around the world, since this does not produce toxic waste, since it uses the wind, no raw material shortage and its cost and efficiency are increasingly attractive. Taking advantage of the geographical features of Brazil, coastal and territorial extension, this study aims to analyze the feasibility of using wind turbines widely used in Germany, one of the countries with the highest production of energy through wind, in Brazil. In order to increase the energy production without causing more environmental impacts, geographical analyses will be made, and to determine the features and costs of production of this type of energy generation, and at the end of this dissertation, will finish for one of the turbines, Montana, is it feasible to install, however due to the Government's little incentive return is not very expressive. With respect to the turbine Passaat, this is infeasible to install under current conditions

Políticas públicas, protagonismo social e comunicação na expansão da cultura no Brasil

Este trabalho analisa aspectos do contexto das políticas públicas culturais contemporâ-neas relacionadas com as ações de mobilização que envolvem a sociedade civil. A aná-lise engloba conhecimento sobre o papel do profissional de Relações Públicas na con-tribuição da execução de políticas culturais que incentivem o protagonismo social atra-vés do Programa Cultura Viva, desenvolvido pelo Ministério da Cultura, com a imple-mentação de Pontos e Pontões de Cultura, e no âmbito de movimentos sociais indepen-dentes. Os resultados apontam a importância estratégica do Relações Públicas na expan-são das políticas públicas culturais

Aspectos técnicos e ambientais da incorporação de novas tecnologias no setor sucroalcooleiro: produção de hidrogênio e gaseificação do bagaço

The purpose of this work is to study the incorporation of hydrogen production (Case A) and the process of gasification of sugarcane bagasse associated with combined cycle gas turbine and steam turbine (Case B) for Distillery Pioneers process. These technologies can be used to improve the energy supply in the sugarcane mill. Initially the processes for obtaining sugar and ethanol from sugarcane is discussed, with a theoretical introduction to hydrogen, the process of steam reforming and gasification of biomass (bagasse) by inserting a turbine associated with the recovery boiler gas. Subsequently makes up the energy and exergy analysis of the incorporation of the above technologies. In end stage makes it an ecological analysis considering or not the carbon cycle (photosynthesis), to determine the levels of emissions of pollutants, carbon dioxide equivalent, indicators of pollution and ecological efficiencies associated with technological developments proposed. It is concluded that hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol and gasification of bagasse are viable alternatives from the point of view of technical and environmental applications in the biofuels industry, contributing to the development of the sector in the country

Aplicação do ciclo rankine orgânico alimentado termicamente pela queima da casca do arroz e resíduos de madeira

With the growing world energy demand mainly from developing countries like Brazil, Russia, India and China, the search for efficient sources of energy becomes a challenge for the coming years. Among the most widely used alternative sources, biomass is the one that grows in a more pronounced way. This study will assess the real possibility of having it as a heat source in an Organic Rankine Cycle, which employ heat transfer fluids as working fluids instead of water. From a regional data collection in agricultural production and their potential rice production and the resulting husk was defined as more appropriate. The availability of husks together with an amount of eucalyptus wood, provided by a company in the region on a monthly basis, were analyzed, and the low participation of the wood was discarded by the thermal contribution of little significance. Based on this, it was established the calorific value of fuel for thermodynamic calculations and the cycle to be used. It was then carried out the choice of working fluid from the literature and their availability in the library of software used for the simulations, the Engineering Equation Solver - ESS. The fluid most appropriate for the burning of biomass, Octamethyltrisiloxane (OMTS), was not included in the software and so the R227ea and R134a were selected. After the initial parameters modeling definition, as condensing temperature, efficiency and live steam conditions, the simulations were performed, and only the R227ea remained within the feasible thermodynamic and technological ranges. With this fluid the turbine power output was 265.7 [kW] for a scenario of 24 hours/day burning, 800.3 [kW] to biomass burning for 8 hours/day and 2134 [kW] for burning only 3 hours/day. The thermal efficiency of the cycle remained in the range of 6%, and for plants operating with the most... (Complete Abstract click eletronic access below)

Proposta de metodologia para aplicação de eficiência energética em uma usina hidrelétrica

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Uma investigação de aspectos de normalização na autotradução An Invincible Memory

This paper aims at observing the particular case of an author’s and self-translator’s style concerning normalisation features present in the self-translation. Our study has its theoretical starting point based on Baker’s proposal (1993, 1995, 1996, 2000) and Scott’s investigation in order to carry out an analysis of the use of linguistic choices involving evidence of normalization. The results point out that, while participating as a self-translator, Ubaldo Ribeiro reveals individual, distinctive and preferred stylistic options which present less lexical variation; in contrast, in the situation of participating as an author, Ubaldo Ribeiro shows stylistic choices of higher lexical diversity. Observed normalisation features reveal conscious or subconscious use of fluency strategies, making the target text easier to read. Due to his renowned sound command of the target language, the results may also suggest the challenges during the translated text re-creation process faced as a self-translator could have been greater than the challenges during the previous original text creation process faced as an author

O fantástico traduzido: uma análise baseada em corpus paralelo e reflexões para uma pedagogia da tradução

This paper presents the analysis and the methodological procedures adopted in order to compile a parallel corpus comprised of two short stories by David Roas (2007; 2010), originally written in Spanish “Tránsito” and “Das Kapital”, and their translation into Portuguese carried out both by a native speaker of Spanish (fluent in Portuguese) and a native speaker of Portuguese (fluent in Spanish). We analyzed the texts translated by them, focusing on the most frequent vocabulary and its semantic implications on their respective contexts. The theoretical and methodological approach was based on corpus linguistics, corpus based translation studies (BAKER, 1996; HUNSTON, 2002; LAVIOSA, 2002; BERBER SARDINHA, 2004; MEYER, 2004; OLOHAN, 2004) and some concepts from Fantastic Literature (ROAS, 2001, 2011; TODOROV, 2003; ALAZRAKI, 2001). The data were extracted by using the WordSmith Tools Suite®. Results show that dialogue and focus on lexicon, making use of computer corpus, play an important role in understanding the translation process. It is also important to mention that while exploring translation possibilities presented by the two translators this approach unlocked a window to reflect on translation pedagogy based on corpus.

Projeto e implantação de pequena central de geração hidrelétrica: análise de caso

The objective of this work is to study the implantation feasibility of a small hydropower system in a rural area in Guaratinguetá. Due to its location and accessibility, and the costs involved in extending the public distribution line to the property it could turn become viable the construction of an individual electric generation system. As alternatives, a solar photovoltaic system and combustion engine-electric generator systems were considered. However, the existence of a small river inside the property, the construction of a micro hydropower plant was taken into account. The choice of the micro power hydropower plant was determined by the owner and was based on the costs. The topographic and hydrological profiles as well as the geometrical characteristics of the system, including the civil infrastructure needed and the more adequate turbine, were determined. Finally, the cost spreadsheet was set and the results were compared with those calculated for the extension of the available public distribution system

Incorporação de novas tecnologias no setor sucroalcooleiro: produção de hidrogênio e aumento da oferta de eletricidade

This work studies the incorporation of new technologies in the sugarcane sector. Are considered the ethanol steam reforming and the gasification of sugarcane bagasse(by-product) processes associated with combined cycle systems (Gas Turbine + Steam Turbine), aggregating hydrogen production and increased electricity supply in the sector, respectively. To verify the technical feasibility of the incorporation processes was performed a thermodynamic analysis, considering data from a typical Brazilian Sugar Cane Industry. In another step the economic viability study of the hydrogen production process was made, with consideration on hydrated and anhydrous ethanol steam reform, comparing the cost of hydrogen production. Also considered studies of economic engineering of the gasification process and the generation of electricity associated. As conclusions, it follows that the ethanol steam reforming is a great alternative for hydrogen production, presenting production cost relatively low, especially when is considered the steam reforming of hydrated ethanol. For the gasification process associated with combined cycle, can be observed an increase of 8.56 times of the electricity production in the sugar cane industry, indicating a positive annual saving when the sales price of the supply electricity is greater than 0.070 US$/kWh. Finally it can be concluded that the incorporation of these new processes allow greater profitability and operational flexibility of Brazilian sugarcane mills

Recuperação de turbinas hidráulicas danificadas por erosão cavitacional por soldagem com aço inoxidável/cobalto

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Emissões de poluentes em centrais hidrelétricas: aspectos técnicos, econômicos e ecológicos

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

A disciplina Língua Brasileira de Sinais nos currículos dos cursos de Pedagogia

Brazilian Sign Language signature in the pedagogy courses curricula. In 2002, the Law nº 10.436 was published determining the obligation of offering the Brazilian Signal Language (Libras) signature in all teaching graduation courses. Considering this measure, it was searched to characterize how the public Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in the States of Paraná and São Paulo are organizing the signature in Pedagogy courses. The curriculum analysis developed showed that most of the public HEI’s in the State of Paraná provides its inclusion, while in the State of São Paulo the estimate is 60%. Most of the syllabus covers topics including deaf students, deaf culture and Libras linguistic aspects.

Análise das diretrizes curriculares dos cursos de licenciatura em relação à formação de professores para inclusão de alunos com necessidades especiais

As políticas educacionais inclusivas, difundidas a partir dos anos 1990, vêm favorecendo o aumento do número de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais (NEE) matriculados em classe comum, no entanto, os professores que os recebem, em sua maioria, estão despreparados para atendê-los. Tomando como base essa situação, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de analisar as orientações contidas nas diretrizes curriculares dos cursos de licenciatura em relação à preparação dos futuros professores para inclusão de alunos com NEE. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental. Foram selecionados recortes temáticos nos textos das referidas diretrizes de maneira a identificar os extratos que contemplavam recomendações ou comentários referentes ao processo de formação dos professores em relação à inclusão de alunos com NEE. Pelos resultados obtidos nos documentos analisados, constata-se, com raras exceções, uma significativa carência de orientações claras e amplas a respeito do tema em questão. Portanto, considera-se que as referidas diretrizes precisam ser aprimoradas em relação à questão em pauta. Com base nos conhecimentos desenvolvidos na área, sugere-se que as mesmas orientem a inserção de pelo menos uma disciplina sobre o tema inclusão de alunos com NEE; a inserção de conteúdos afins nas demais disciplinas dos cursos de licenciatura; a disponibilização de estágios em salas de aulas inclusivas, bem como a indicação dos conteúdos a serem trabalhados. Avalia-se que a efetividade do processo de inclusão dos alunos com NEE assenta-se na articulação entre as políticas educacionais e as políticas de formação dos professores.

Análise e reflexão sobre a educação especial inclusiva em Maringá/BR e em Guadalajara /ES

The purpose of this study is to know the route of Special Education in different contexts, the city of Maringa/Brazil and Guadalajara/Spain and analyze the bases underlying the organization, structure and operation of this mode of education having as starting point the process inclusive school. This investigation is based on the theoretical and methodological principles of the historical-cultural notion by Vygotsky. He argues that the existence of fundamental principles underlying the development of children with disabilities. If, on the one hand, the disability imposes limitations on the individual, hindering its development, on the other, just by causing difficulties, enables the movement to compensate, increasing the development of other capabilities. The deficit itself is less. Therefore, it is a field research carried out by means of observations, literature search and document analysis in early childhood education institutions visited in the cities mentioned above. The results showed that there are peculiarities of its path, organization and functioning of Special Education in each of the contexts analyzed. Referentemente the inclusive education movement, it is clear that Spain is a precursor of this process therefore has the right conditions in different ways to conduct the service children with special needs, and on the other hand, schools have the resources and specialized materials they need. While in Brazil the operationalization of these measures occurs more slowly. Thus, we can say that this process of inclusive education does not happen in a linear fashion within mainstream schools and so little action in the different forms of special education in two contexts analyzed.