957 resultados para Tratamento do caldo da cana-de-açúcar
Resumo:
The present study aims to evaluate the potential use of bagasse ash from sugar cane (CBC) as a flux, replacing phyllite and/or feldspar in standard industrial mass production of enameled porcelain, verifying the possibility of the CBC contribute to the overall reduction of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic mass. To this end, as a result of the research, we characterized the raw material components of the standard mass (clay, phyllite, kaolin, feldspar, quartz and talc) and the residue of BCC, by testing by XRF, XRD, AG, DTA and ATG. Specimens (CDP) were manufactured in the dimensions of 100 mm x 50 mm x 8 mm in uniaxial matrix under compaction pressure of 33 MPa, assembled in batches of 3 units subsequently sintered at temperatures of 1150°C to 1210°C by varying the Rating Scale at 10°C, heating and cooling ramp of 50°C/min and 25°C/min, with levels of 1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 8 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min and 60 min. analyzing the results of the physical properties of water absorption (WA), linear firing shrinkage (LFS), dilatometric analysis (DTA), flexural strain (SFT) and SEM of the sintered bodies in order to verify the adequacy of CDP to ISO 13006, ISO 10545, NBR 13816 standards; NBR 13817 and NBR 13818. The study showed that the formulations that best suit the requirements of the standards are:. G4 - which was applied in 10% of replacing the CBC phyllite, sintering temperature 1210 ° C for 10 min and porch, and F3 - with application of 7.5% of CBC to replace the feldspar in the sintering temperatures of 1190°C, 1200°C and 1210°C for 10 min and porch. These formulations showed better performance regarding the formation of primary and secondary mullite, with considerable reduction of cracks and pores, meeting the prerequisites of standards for glazed porcelain. The results shows that the use of the CBC as a flux in the preparation of porcelain mass meets standard parameters for the manufacture of the product, and thereby can reduce environmental impact and the cost of production. Therefore, it is recommended to use this residue in the ceramics industry, due to its industrial, commercial and collaborative viability for sustainability.
Resumo:
Sugarcane is an important culture for Brazil that holds almost half of all worldwide productivity. Plants face many challenges, because of biotic and abiotic stresses presents in the production field, which could prevent plants from reaching their genetic potential. As consequence, those stresses can generate Reactive Oxygen Species – ROS – that can cause damages on DNA. Another consequence of stress is the early-flowering process, which contributes for a reduction on yield. In this context, the aim of this work is to characterize ScMUTM1 and ScMUTM2, two DNA glycosylases belonging to base excision repair pathway; and identify genes potentially related to stress and DNA repair in two sugarcane cultivars with contrasting flowering phenotypes. The characterization of the DNA glycosylases included the construction of vector to over express the recombinant proteins ScMUTM1 and ScMUTM2; they will be used in a near future to purification of these proteins and use in enzymatic assays. It was also made a phylogenetic reconstruction of this gene in plants and analysis of its promoter. With the phylogenetic analysis, it is possible to observe the presence of these genes grouped inside a branch with monocots and another one with dicots. This suggests that the duplication of this gene probably occurred after the separation of these two groups. The analysis of the promotor of MUTM shows of the presence of stress-related regulatory motifs at ScMUTM2 promoter, when compared with ScMUTM1. This may suggests that ScMUTM1 might be suffering sub functionalization process. After the analysis of microarrays data, it is observed an up-regulation from some stress-related genes in one of the conditions analyzed, related to early flowering process.
Resumo:
Sugarcane is an important culture for Brazil that holds almost half of all worldwide productivity. Plants face many challenges, because of biotic and abiotic stresses presents in the production field, which could prevent plants from reaching their genetic potential. As consequence, those stresses can generate Reactive Oxygen Species – ROS – that can cause damages on DNA. Another consequence of stress is the early-flowering process, which contributes for a reduction on yield. In this context, the aim of this work is to characterize ScMUTM1 and ScMUTM2, two DNA glycosylases belonging to base excision repair pathway; and identify genes potentially related to stress and DNA repair in two sugarcane cultivars with contrasting flowering phenotypes. The characterization of the DNA glycosylases included the construction of vector to over express the recombinant proteins ScMUTM1 and ScMUTM2; they will be used in a near future to purification of these proteins and use in enzymatic assays. It was also made a phylogenetic reconstruction of this gene in plants and analysis of its promoter. With the phylogenetic analysis, it is possible to observe the presence of these genes grouped inside a branch with monocots and another one with dicots. This suggests that the duplication of this gene probably occurred after the separation of these two groups. The analysis of the promotor of MUTM shows of the presence of stress-related regulatory motifs at ScMUTM2 promoter, when compared with ScMUTM1. This may suggests that ScMUTM1 might be suffering sub functionalization process. After the analysis of microarrays data, it is observed an up-regulation from some stress-related genes in one of the conditions analyzed, related to early flowering process.
Resumo:
A aguardente de cana é uma bebida de grande importância económica para Cabo Verde, mais concretamente para as ilhas de Santiago, Brava, Nicolau e S. Antão, que apresentam boas condições climáticas para a produção de cana. O consumo tem vindo a crescer em todas as classes sociais e tem a pretensão de conquistar o mercado internacional. Mas isso gera dificuldades para os produtores de aguardente, que muitas vezes enfrentam barreiras para entrar no mercado externo, principalmente devido à qualidade do produto e à falta de padronização desta bebida. Este trabalho teve como objectivo obter uma identidade e qualidade padrão da aguardente de cana em Cabo Verde, portanto, fizeram-se 5 destilados na ESTM os quais foram avaliados sensorialmente quanto à padronização do produto e também quanto à qualidade através de comparação com duas aguardentes feitas por produtores cabo-verdianos. Para isso, foram preparados 40 litros de calda, dividida em 5 lotes de 7,5 litros no alambique, obtendo-se 5 destilados com 450, 470, 565, 300 e 430ml. Determinou-se o grau alcoólico, acidez total, teor furfural e teor de cobre dos destilados realizados na escola e em Cabo Verde. Os valores obtidos do grau alcoólico, acidez total e furfural encontramse dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela lei brasileira, com exceção para o furfural que apresentou um resultado positivo nas amostras dos destilados feitos em Cabo Verde, correspondente a 28,57%. Os valores de acidez total variaram entre 9,38 a 136,87 mg/100 ml (álcool anidrido). O cobre foi determinado através da técnica de espectroscopia de absorção atómica com câmara grafite. As amostras analisadas apresentaram valores de cobre que variaram de 0,406 a 7,380 mgL-1. Das amostras analisadas 71,43% estavam dentro do limite e 28,57 % apresentaram teores de cobre acima do permitido pela legislação. Relativamente à padronização das 5 amostras feitas na escola, demonstrou-se que a estrutura de dados apenas se evidenciou validada para os atributos oleosidade e aroma (p = 0.000 e p = 0.037, respetivamente). Comparando as amostras feitas na escola com as duas de Cabo Verde, mostrou-se que à cor franca (P <0,000) e aceitável (P <0,013), limpidez (P <0,000) brilhante e transparente (P <0,001), as variáveis independentes não exercem influências na variável dependente segundo o modelo proposto.
Resumo:
PEDRO, Edilson da Silva. Estratégias para a organização da pesquisa em cana-de-açúcar: uma análise de governança em sistemas de inovação. 2008. 226f. Tese (Doutorado em Política Científica e Tecnológica) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2008.
Resumo:
PEDRO, Edilson da Silva. Estratégias para a organização da pesquisa em cana-de-açúcar: uma análise de governança em sistemas de inovação. 2008. 226f. Tese (Doutorado em Política Científica e Tecnológica) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2008.
Resumo:
This research investigated the dance piece Caldo da Cana which premiered in João Pessoa-PB, in September 1984. It problematizes theoretical and practical way to make dance history, investigating this possibility through the dance itself. Arises from the fact that the dance has specific characteristics that can not be neglected by the historical account. In this sense, it was initiated by the raising of a theoretical framework that speaks to the indicated issues and unfolds through a field study, which included collecting testimonies from people who participated in the show, documentary research, gathering material traces and finally consists a practical part by transposing elaborated historical knowledge into the body through a creative process, resulting on this moment, in the construction of a duo dance
Resumo:
In this work, we used sugarcane as a model due to its importance for sugar and ethanol production. Unlike the current plant models, sugarcane presents a complex genetics and an enormous allelic variation. Here, we report the analysis of SAGE libraries produced using the shoot apical meristem from contrasted genotypes by flowering induction (non-flowering vs. early-flowering varieties) grown under São Paulo state conditions. The expression pattern was analyzed using samples from São Paulo (SP) and Rio Grande do Norte (RN) states. These results showed that cDNAs identified by SAGE libraries had differential expression only in São Paulo state samples. Furthermore, the cDNA identified CYP (Citocrome P450) was chosen for in silico and genome characterization because it was found in SAGE libraries and subtractive libraries from samples from RN. Phylogenetic trees showed the relationship for these sequences. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR for CYP showed a potential role as flowering indutor for RN samples considering different isophorms. Considering the results present here, it can be consider that CYP gene may be used as molecular marker
Resumo:
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a plant from Poaceae family that has an impressive ability to accumulate sucrose in the stalk, making it a significant component of the economy of many countries. About 100 countries produce sugarcane in an area of 22 million hectares worldwide. For this reason, many studies have been done using sugarcane as a plant model in order to improve production. A change in gravity may be one kind of abiotic stress, since it generates rapid responses after stimulation. In this work we decided to investigate the possible morphophysiological, biochemical and molecular changes resulting from microgravity. Here, we present the contributions of an experiment where sugarcane plants were submitted to microgravity flight using a vehicle VSB-30, a sounding rocket developed by Aeronautics and Space Institute teams, in cooperation with the German Space Agency. Sugarcane plants with 10 days older were submitted to a period of six minutes of microgravity using the VSB-30 rocket. The morphophysiological analyses of roots and leaves showed that plants submitted to the flight showed changes in the conduction tissues, irregular pattern of arrangement of vascular bundles and thickening of the cell walls, among other anatomical changes that indicate that the morphology of the plants was substantially influenced by gravitational stimulation, besides the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, an important signaling molecule in stress conditions. We carried out RNA extraction and sequencing using Illumina platform. Plants subjected to microgravity also showed changes in enzyme activity. It was observed an increased in superoxide dismutase activity in leaves and a decreased in its activity in roots as well as for ascorbate peroxidase activity. Thus, it was concluded that the changes in gravity were perceived by plants, and that microgravity environment triggered changes associated with a reactive oxygen specie signaling process. This work has helped the understanding of how the gravity affects the structural organization of the plants, by comparing the anatomy of plants subjected to microgravity and plants grown in 1g gravity
Resumo:
The genome of all organisms constantly suffers the influence of mutagenic factors from endogenous and/or exogenous origin, which may result in damage for the genome. In order to keep the genome integrity there are different DNA repair pathway to detect and correct these lesions. In relation to the plants as being sessile organisms, they are exposed to this damage frequently. The Base Excision DNA Repair (BER) is responsible to detect and repair oxidative lesions. Previous work in sugarcane identified two sequences that were homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana: ScARP1 ScARP3. These two sequences were homologous to AP endonuclease from BER pathway. Then, the aim of this work was to characterize these two sequence using different approaches: phylogenetic analysis, in silico protein organelle localization and by Nicotiana tabacum transgenic plants with overexpression cassette. The in silico data obtained showed a duplication of this sequence in sugarcane and Poaceae probably by a WGD event. Furthermore, in silico analysis showed a new localization in nuclei for ScARP1 protein. The data obtained with transgenic plants showed a change in development and morphology. Transgenic plants had slow development when compared to plants not transformed. Then, these results allowed us to understand better the potential role of this sequence in sugarcane and in plants in general. More work is important to be done in order to confirm the protein localization and protein characterization for ScARP1 and ScARP3
Resumo:
Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de aditivos na ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) sobre a composição químico-bromatológica das silagens, o comportamento ingestivo, o consumo voluntário e a digestibilidade em bovinos de corte. Utilizaram-se cinco novilhos da raça Nelore providos de cânula ruminal, alocados em delineamento quadrado latino 5 ´ 5 e alimentados com dietas com 65% de volumoso na MS. Foram avaliadas cinco silagens (base úmida): controle - cana-de-açúcar sem aditivos; uréia - cana-de-açúcar + 0,5% uréia; benzoato - cana-de-açúcar + 0,1% de benzoato de sódio; LP - cana-de-açúcar inoculada com Lactobacillus plantarum (1 ´ 10(6) ufc/g MV); LB - cana-de-açúcar inoculada com L. buchneri (3,6 ´ 10(5) ufc/g forragem). A forragem foi armazenada em silos do tipo poço por 90 dias antes do fornecimento aos animais. A composição químico-bromatológica da cana-de-açúcar foi alterada após a ensilagem, em relação à cana-de-açúcar original, com redução no teor de carboidratos solúveis e na digestibilidade in vitro e elevação relativa nos teores de FDN e FDA. Os teores de etanol (0,30% da MS) e ácidos orgânicos (0,99% de ácido lático e 2,31% de acético) foram baixos e semelhantes entre as silagens. Os aditivos aplicados na ensilagem não promoveram alterações no consumo e na digestibilidade aparente da MS (7,2 kg/dia e 63,6%, respectivamente). O comportamento ingestivo dos animais também não foi alterado, com tempos médios de 230,6; 519,6 e 672,8 minutos/dia despendidos com ingestão de ração, ruminação e ócio, respectivamente. Os aditivos acrescidos à cana-de-açúcar promoveram pequenas alterações na maioria das variáveis avaliadas.
Resumo:
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de aditivos na ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) sobre a degradação de MS e de componentes da parede celular e sobre os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal em bovinos alimentados com dietas contendo essas silagens. Utilizaram-se cinco novilhos da raça Nelore providos de cânula ruminal, alocados em delineamento quadrado latino 5 ´ 5 e alimentados com dietas com 65% de volumoso (%) MS. Foram avaliadas cinco silagens (base úmida): controle - cana-de-açúcar, sem aditivos; uréia - cana-de-açúcar + 0,5% ureia; benzoato - cana-de-açúcar + 0,1% de benzoato de sódio; LP - cana-de-açúcar inoculada com Lactobacillus plantarum (1 ´ 10(6) ufc/g MV); LB - cana-de-açúcar inoculada com L. buchneri (3,6 ´ 10(5) ufc/g forragem). A forragem foi armazenada em silos do tipo poço por 90 dias antes do fornecimento aos animais. Os parâmetros ruminais foram afetados de forma moderada pelas silagens e tiveram forte efeito do horário de coleta de amostras. As concentrações molares médias dos ácidos acético, propiônico e butírico foram de 60,9; 19,3 e 10,2 mM, respectivamente. O ambiente ruminal proporcionado por dietas formuladas com silagens de cana-de-açúcar foi satisfatório e similar ao tradicionalmente observado em dietas contendo cana. O uso de aditivos na ensilagem influenciou, de forma não-significativa, a degradabilidade ruminal da MS e da MO, mas não alterou a degradabilidade ruminal da fração fibrosa. Os aditivos aplicados à cana-de-açúcar resultaram em pequenas alterações na maior parte das variáveis avaliadas. Apesar de a degradabilidade ruminal das silagens ter sido pouco afetada pelo uso de aditivos, os valores observados foram próximos aos observados para a cana-de-açúcar in natura.
Resumo:
O trabalho teve como objetivo levantar e analisar preliminarmente possíveis mudanças de uso da terra nos municípios de cultivo tradicional de cana-de-açúcar, bem como do seu entorno, dentro do estado de Alagoas. Foram levantados dados secundários de fontes oficiais e consultas bibliográficas, sendo avaliada a área plantada (ha) com: a) a cana-de-açúcar e b) milho + mandioca + feijão, no período de 2002 e 2007. Os resultados permitem inferir que as alterações no uso da terra são constantes dentro de Alagoas. Entretanto, ainda são necessários estudos mais aprofundados para se afirmar com propriedade à situação real de possível competição entre a cultura da cana-de-açúcar e a produção de alimentos, bem como sua relação com as áreas de pastagens, em Alagoas.
Resumo:
Tem havido a expansão do complexo sucroalcooleiro para as regiões Centro-Norte do país, devido ao aumento da demanda pelo etanol, tornando relevante a elaboração do zoneamento agroclimático para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar para essas regiões, notadamente para o estado do Tocantins. As informações climáticas e edáficas favorecem a determinação de áreas mais aptas ao cultivo e à mecanização. Por outro lado poderá ocorrer a elevação do risco climático nas regiões produtoras devido à possível influência das mudanças do clima. O presente estudo visou simular o impacto das mudanças do clima sobre o zoneamento agroclimático para a cana-de-açúcar no Tocantins, considerando os dados do modelo GFDL e cenários de emissão B1 e A1B, para o período de 2021 a 2050. Os resultados mostraram que tanto para as condições climáticas atuais, quanto para projeção do modelo, não há restrição térmica para o desenvolvimento da cultura, e que para obter boa produtividade no Estado será necessário, de forma geral, a utilização de irrigação nos períodos de deficiência hídrica. Constatou-se que, existe potencial para a produção, apesar da predominância da classe de aptidão ?restrita?, e que as regiões potenciais com condições agroclimáticas favoráveis, estão localizadas no sul, sudeste e centro do Estado. As simulações dos cenários de emissões indicam fortes restrições hídricas para o Tocantins, com grande redução de áreas consideradas ?aptas? e ?marginais?, e aumento das áreas ?restritas? ao cultivo da cana-de-açúcar.
Resumo:
The Potiguar basin has large fields of viscous oil where the used method for recovering is based on vapor injection; this operation is carried out by injecting vapor in the oilwell directly, without the protection of a revetment through thermal insulation, what causes its dilation and, consequently, cracks in the cement placed on the annular, and lost of hydraulic insulation; this crack is occasioned by the phenomenon of retrogression of the compressive resistance due to the conversion of the hydrated calcium silicate in phases calcium-rich, caused by the high temperatures in the wells, subjected to thermal recuperation. This work has evaluated the application of composite pastes with addition of residue of biomass of ground sugar-cane bagasse as anti-retrogression mineral admixture for cementation of oil-wells subjected to thermal recuperation. The addition of the mineral residue was carried out considering a relative amount of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 59% in relation to cement mass, trying to improve the microstructure of the paste, still being developed a reference paste only with cement and a paste with addition of 40% of silica flour - renowned material in the oil industry as anti-retrogression additive. Pozzolanic activity of the ash was evaluated through XRD, TG/DTG, as the resistance to compression, and it was also determined the physical and mechanical behavior of the pastes when submitted to cure at low temperatures (22 and 38º C); besides it was evaluated the behavior of the pastes when submitted to two cycles of cure at high temperature (280ºC) and pressure (7 MPa). It was verified that the ash of the sugar-cane biomass presents pozzolanic reaction and has great efficiency in decrease the permeability of the paste by filler effect, as well as that addition of ash in a relative amount of 10, 20 e 30% increases cured compressive resistance at low temperatures. It was also showed that the ash in a relative amount of 40% and 59% has very significant efficiency as anti-retrogression additive, since it prevents the decrease of compressive resistance and forms hydrated calcium silicate type xenotlita and tobermorita which have more resistance and stability in high temperatures