Avaliação da Gravidade Específica e de Outras Medidas Corporais e da Carcaça para Estimar a Composição Corporal de Novilhos Nelore

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da composição química e física dos cortes da costela para estimar a composição química corporal de novilhos nelore

The objective of this study was to establish equations to estimate the empty body chemical composition of Nellore steers using the following indirect techniques: 1) physical composition of the 9-10-11(th) rib cut;) physical composition of the 10(th) rib cut; and 3) chemical composition of the 10(th) rib cut. Thirty-one Nellore steers with weights ranging from 245 to 489 kg and ages from 20 to 29.7 months at slaughter were utilized. The empty body chemical composition was established through samples collected after grinding all animal tissues. The equations using the percentage of dissectable fat in the 9-10-11(th) rib cut shored a high precision for estimating the percentage of water (r(2) = 0.91; Syx = 1.168) and ether extract (r(2) = 0.94; Syx = 1.298) of the empty body; the same was observed when the percentage of dissectable fat in the 10(th) rib cut was used (r(2) = 0.82 and 0.85; Syx = 1.658 and 1.942, respectively, for water and ether extract). The equations using the percentage of ether extract in the 10(th) rib cut showed a high precision for estimating the percentage of water (r(2) = 0.89; Syx = 1.311) and the ether extract (r(2) = 0.89; Syx = 1.730) of the empty body, but there was no advantage over the physical composition of the 9-10-11(th) and 10(th) rib cut. Multiple regressions using carcass weight and the percentage of bones and kilograms of lean, fat, and bones dissectable in the 10(th) rib cut improved the coefficients of determination for water and ether extract to 0.87 and 0.91. The equations to estimate the percentages of protein and ach showed a low precision, indicating that those techniques are not recommended to estimate these components in the empty body of Nellore steers.

Composição Corporal e Exigências Nutricionais de Magnésio, Potássio e Sódio de Cordeiros Santa Inês em Crescimento dos 15 kg aos 25 kg de Peso Vivo

This study was carried out to determine body composition and magnesium, potassium and sodium requirements for weight gain of Santa Ines lambs (hairy coat breed). Eighteen animals were used with average 15 kg initial LW. At the beginning of the experiment, six animals were slaughtered for the determination of the amount of each mineral retained in the body, and serving as reference animals in the comparative slaughter technique. The remaining 12 animals were divided in two groups: six were ad libitum fed and six animals were restricting fed at maintenance plus 20%. The animals from the ad libitum and restrict feeding groups started in the experimental period by pairs and they both were slaughtered when the animals from the ad libitum group reached 25 kg LW. The estimates of magnesium, potassium and sodium body composition were obtained through the prediction equations obtained by the logarithm regression of the amount of each present minerals in the empty body in function of the empty body weight (EBW). The net requirements for weight gain were obtained through the derivation of these prediction equations. The estimates of body composition per kg EBW for the animals from 15 to 25 kg were: 0.591 and 0,578 g for Mg: 2.914 and 2.776 g for K 1.830 and 1.637 g for Na; and the net requirements for kg weight gain were: 0.515 and 0.503 g for Mg: 2.408 and 2.294 g for K; 1.315 and 1.177 g for Na, respectively.

Modelagem da variação horária da temperatura do ar em Petrolina, PE, e Botucatu, SP

The air temperature is a climatic element of interest for several agricultural related studies. Hence, daily air temperature from two locations in Brazil (Botucatu and Petrolina, with different climate classification), hourly recorded from January 2004 to December 2005, were analysed to verify if 24 h long air temperature variation can be predicted with 6 h interval records. Three data set were selected, with different first time record of air temperature, and analyses performed using geoestatistics to confirm the temporal dependency of records. Then, ordinary krigging was used to model air temperature variation within 1 h interval, and spherical model presented the best approach, with range of 11.6 h for Botucatu and 12.7 for Petrolina. For both locations, the time of air temperature recording was the most importnat factor on accuracy of estimation of air temperature variation. Records at 2, 8, 14 and 20 h and at 4, 10, 16 and 22 h presented the best approaches, but for records at 9, 15 and 21 h, the approach was worst.

ARE CORPORAL ALLOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS GOOD PREDICTORS of PALATABILITY IN NEOTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA)?

Since palatable butterflies are more dependent on evasive flight to escape from predators, they should be more restricted in their flight-related morphology than unpalatable ones. We compared: the ratios between the (1) length of head plus thorax and the length of abdomen (A/B), (2) length of the tip of the head to wing base and the length of the wing base to end of the abdomen (C/D), (3) the variances of A/B and C/D, (4) the proportion between the thoracic and the body weight, and (5) the flight speed between palatable and unpalatable butterflies. A/B and thoracic/body weight were higher for palatable species, indicating higher body symmetry and muscular mass. However, flight speed did not differ. Unexpectedly, the variance of A/B was higher for palatable species while that of C/D did not differ. Therefore, corporal allometric measurements of Neotropical butterflies are good predictors of palatability, though not of flight speed.

Evolução do peso corporal e desenvolvimento da mandíbula de ratos em função da administração de flúor.

The body weights evolution and the development of mandible were analyzed in rats that received 0.25 mg F contained into a commercial product, during 30 and 60 days consecutively, beginning at birth. The study presented the following conclusions: 1. The treated animals showed body weights always inferior to the controls, with more evident difference at 60 days period; 2. Analysis showed a reduction in the horizontal linear measurements, but not in the length of the mandibular diastem. No influence was observed in relation to the verticals.

Rugosidade superficial de ligas com alto conteúdo de cobre, em função do aquecimento acima da temperatura de fusão.

Being the surface roughness a fundamental property in the fit of the castings, it was determined the roughness of 5 high-copper casting alloys, according to the heating over their melting temperature. That way, the specimens made with smooth plastic in the shape of a rectangular plate, 2 mm x 7 mm x 11 mm were invested into a cristobalite investment. After heating and elimination on the plastic, the molds were filled by 3 g of molten alloy, casted in a electrical casting machine at the casting temperature at 25 degrees C and 50 degrees C overheating. The surface roughness was measured in a roughness analyser, Talysurf. As a result, it was verified that there is a variation of surface roughness among the alloys tested, and the heating of the alloys until 50 degrees C over the melting temperature does not interfere in the roughness.

Efeito da seleção quanto ao peso corporal nas características reprodutivas em linhagens de frangos de corte

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito da temperatura sobre o desenvolvimento de Scymnus (Pullus) argentinicus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

The biology of Scymnus (Pullus) argentinicus Weise on Schizaphis graminum at the temperatures 20, 25 and 30°C was studied. The temperatures of 25 and 30°C were favorable to S. (Pullus) argentinicus development. The average of the incubation period was 3.24 days and the larval development was 8.43 days at 25°C. The duration of the instars and pre-pupal and pupal periods was significantly shorter at 25 and 30°C. The percentage of emerging adults was higher at 30°C (98%) while at 20°C this percentual was 82%.

Composição Corporal e Exigências Nutricionais em Cálcio e Fósforo para Ganho e Mantença de Cordeiros Santa Inês dos 15 kg aos 25 kg de Peso Vivo

The research was carried out to determine body composition and calcium and phosphorus requirements of Santa Ines lambs. Eighteen entire male lambs with average initial live weight of 15 kg were used. The animals were allotted to three groups: six animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment, to access the amount of calcium and phosphorus present in the body, as reference animals for the comparative slaughter technique. Six animals were ad libitum fed and six were restrict fed (maintenance level plus 20%). The animals ad libitum and restrict fed started the experimental period by pairs and they were both slaughtered when the first reached 25 kg body weight. The body composition was estimated through the prediction equations obtained by regression of the logarithm of the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the empty body on the logarithm of the empty body weight. Net requirements for calcium and phosphorus for maintenance and the absorption coefficient were obtained through the correlation between the amount of each mineral consumed and retained in the animal body. The net requirements maintenance for live weight gain were obtained by means of derivation of the prediction of body composition equations. The net requirements maintainance of calcium and phosphorus for animals from 15 to 25 kg body weight were: 305 mg Ca/day and 325 mg P/day and net requirements for kg of the body weight gain for animals with 15 and 25 kg LW were 11.41 and 10.33 g Ca and 5.72 and 4.94 g P, respectively. The absorption coefficients were estimated to be .44 and 0.55 for Ca and P, respectively.

Efeito da restrição alimentar inicial e da temperatura ambiente sobre o desenvolvimento de vísceras e ganho compensatório em frangos de corte

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Composição corporal e índices biométricos do pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes, Characidae) submetido a ciclos alternados de restrição alimentar e realimentação

The present paper evaluated, through hepatosomatic/mesenteric fat indexes and body composition, the pacu energy utilization when submitted to alternated food restriction/refeeding cycles during the growout period. Juveniles were distributed in three pounds and submitted to different feeding programs: A (ad libitum daily feeding), B (4-week feeding restriction and 9-week refeeding) and C (6-week feeding restrictions and 7-week refeeding), totaling 13 weeks for each cycle (4 experimental cycles). At the end of the periods, fish were sampled to obtain biometrics and biochemical data. The results showed that, during the first two cycles, C treatment obtained the best compensatory growth. Carcass lipid and water contents were inversely related, with body fat decrease. Fishes under B and C treatment during food restriction utilized liver and mesentery energy stores. These parameters were re-established in the refeeding phase, in all cycles.