Municipal wastewater treatment works construction grants program : references, regulations, guidance, procedures : Supplement 2.

"November 1976."

Supplement to former paper, entitled, Experimental inquiry into the composition of some of the animals fed and slaughtered as human food. Composition of the ash of the entire animals, and of certain separated parts,

From the Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society--Part III, 1883.

NIOSH manual of analytical methods (NMAM) : first supplement to NIOSH manual of analytical methods (NMAM).

Originally published in 1984.

The bibliographer's manual of Gloucestershire literature. Supplement to the Bibliographer's manual of Gloucestershire literature; being a classified catalogue of biographical and genealogical literature relating to men and women connected by birth, office, or many years' residence with the county of Gloucester or the city of Bristol, with descriptive and explanatory notes;

Mode of access: Internet.

1960 price list and supplement to volume 1 of Criswell's currency series : current market value on notes listed by Criswell's numbers.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Registrar General's Statistical Review of England and Wales. The Registrar General's Decennial Supplement, England and Wales

Mode of access: Internet.

Driver Licensing Laws Annotated; Annual Supplement

Supplements to National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances. Driver Licensing Laws Annotated

Air Force federal acquisition regulation supplement (AFFARS).

Loose-leaf for updating by periodic change publications.

Mental health : culture, race, and ethnicity : executive summary : a supplement to Mental health : a report of the Surgeon General.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 21).

Supplement: oder viertes Bändchen: Lesebuch

Neues kleines Englisches Lesebuch , enthaltend Uebungen zum Uebersetzen, eine Verslehre und Lesestücke in Poesie und Prosa nach den besten Meistern bearbeitet mit der Aussprache

Atlas der physiologischen Chemie : zugleich als Supplement zu C.G. Lehmann's Lehrbuch der physiologischen Chemie : achtzehn Tafeln, enthaltend 180 Abbildungen, sämmtlich nach dem Mikroskop gezeichnet und erläutert

von Dr. Otto Funke

The effect of the dietary supplement, Chitosan, on body weight: a randomised controlled trial in 250 overweight and obese adults

CONTEXT: Chitosan, a deacetylated chitin, is a widely available dietary supplement purported to decrease body weight and serum lipids through gastrointestinal fat binding. Although evaluated in a number of trials, its efficacy remains in dispute. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of chitosan for weight loss in overweight and obese adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: A 24-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, conducted at the University of Auckland between November 2001 and December 2002. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 250 participants (82% women; mean (s.d.) body mass index, 35.5 (5.1) kg/m(2); mean age, 48 (12) y). INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomly assigned to receive 3 g chitosan/day (n = 125) or placebo (n = 125). All participants received standardised dietary and lifestyle advice for weight loss. Adherence was monitored by capsule counts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was change in body weight. Secondary outcomes included changes in body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, blood pressure, serum lipids, plasma glucose, fat-soluble vitamins, faecal fat, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS: In an intention-to-treat analysis with the last observation carried forward, the chitosan group lost more body weight than the placebo group (mean (s.e.), -0.4 (0.2) kg (0.4% loss) vs +0.2 (0.2) kg (0.2% gain), P = 0.03) during the 24-week intervention, but effects were small. Similar small changes occurred in circulating total and LDL cholesterol, and glucose (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between groups for any of the other measured outcomes. CONCLUSION: In this 24-week trial, chitosan treatment did not result in a clinically significant loss of body weight compared with placebo.

Health characteristics of older Australian dietary supplement users compared to non-supplement users

The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of dietary and health supplement use among Australians aged 65 years and over, and to contrast the health differences between supplement users and non-supplement users. Data was obtained from 1,263 randomly selected older Australians, who provided general demographic data, in addition to information related to their health, symptoms experienced and uses of medication, including dietary supplements. Supplement use was reported by 43% of the sample (52% of females and 35% of males). This investigation has revealed distinct differences in the health profile of older supplement users compared to non-users. Although there was no difference in the number of visits to medical doctors or self-rated health status between supplement users and non-supplement users, supplement users were more likely to report arthritis and osteoporosis, and experience more symptoms and consume more medication than non-supplement users. In contrast, there was a reduced likelihood of taking a supplement for those with hypertension and by those using blood pressure medication and heart tablets. These results suggest that older dietary supplement users may benefit from education and professional advice to assist them make appropriate and informed choices, particularly if they expect these preparations to attenuate their health concerns.

Wading through the quagmire: Making sense of dietary supplement utilization

Since the 1980s, numerous studies conducted in the United States have attempted to estimate the prevalence of supplement use among the population (e.g., the National Health and Nutrition Survey and the National Health Interview Surveys). Despite these efforts, the true extent of supplement use is unclear. The literature pertaining to the prevalence of supplement use refers to a confusing array of ambiguous terms. Forming accurate conclusions about supplement use is confounded by differences in terminology and methodology between studies. Direct comparisons between studies are therefore inherently problematic. The emphasis in future investigations should be on standardizing the study design; recording data on daily, weekly, or even monthly use in order to establish the safety and efficacy of supplement use; and adopting a consistent, uniform definition of the term supplement.