Study of a high power density sodium polysulfide/bromine energy storage cell

Nickel catalyst supported on carbon was made by reduction of nickelous nitrate with hydrogen at high temperature. Ni/ C catalyst characterization was carried out by XRD. It was found that the crystal phase of NiS and NiS2 appeared in the impregnated catalyst. Ni/ C and Pt/ C catalysts gave high performance as the positive and negative electrodes of a sodium polysulfide/ bromine energy storage cell, respectively. The overpotentials of the positive and negative electrodes were investigated. The effect of the electrocatalyst loading and operating temperature on the charge and discharge performance of the cell was investigated. A power density of up to 0.64 W cm(-2) ( V = 1.07 V) was obtained in this energy storage cell. A cell potential efficiency of up to 88.2% was obtained when both charge and discharge current densities were 0.1 A cm(-2).

Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction sorbent for removal of nicotine from tobacco smoke

A sorbent showing specific affinity for nicotine was prepared by molecular imprinting technique, using nicotine as the template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as the crosslinker and chloroform as the porogen. UV spectroscopic analysis in the molecular imprinting prepolymerization stage confirmed that nicotine could complex with the functional monomer by electrostatic interaction (ionic interaction and hydrogen bonding). The affinity and the binding properties of the imprinted polymer towards nicotine were investigated by equilibrium rebinding experiments. The results indicated the presence of nicotine-specific binding sites in the imprinted polymer, and that the imprinted polymer had a good capacity (90 mumol/g polymer) for nicotine. The elution conditions were optimized on the column packed with the imprinted polymer to elute nicotine quantitatively. The imprinted polymer was used as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) material for the removal of nicotine from tobacco smoke. The results obtained showed that the imprinted polymer was superior in terms of removing nicotine in tobacco smoke, compared with the commercial filter tip.

Carbon monoxide adsorption on molybdenum phosphides: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and density functional theory studies

Molybdenum phosphide (MoP) and supported molybdenum phosphide (MoP/gamma-Al2O3) have been prepared by the temperature-programmed reduction method. The surface sites of the MoP/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst were characterized by carbon monoxide (CO) adsorption with in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. A characteristic IR band at 2037 cm(-1) was observed on the MoP/gamma-Al2O3 that was reduced at 973 K. This band is attributed to linearly adsorbed CO on Mo atoms of the MoP surface and is similar to IR bands at 2040-2060 cm(-1), which correspond to CO that has been adsorbed on some noble metals, such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium. Density functional calculations of the structure of molybdenum phosphides, as well as CO chemisorption on the MoP(001) surface, have also been studied on periodic surface models, using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation functional. The results show that the chemisorption of CO on MoP occurred mainly on top of molybdenum, because the bonding of CO requires a localized mininum potential energy. The adsorption energy obtained is DeltaH(ads) approximate to -2.18 eV, and the vibrational frequency of CO is 2047 cm-1, which is in good agreement with the IR result of CO chernisorption on MoP/gamma-Al2O3.

A density function theory study on the properties and decomposition of CF3OF

The density function theory was used to calculate the potential energy surface for the decomposition of CF3OF. The geometries, vibrational frequencies and energies of all stationary points were obtained. The calculated harmonic frequencies agreed well with the experimental ones. Three decomposition channels of CF3OF were studied. The calculated reaction enthalpy (29.85 kcal/mol) of the elimination reaction CF3OF --> CF2O + F-2 was in good agreement with the experimental value (27.7 kcal/mol). The O-F bond of CF3OF is broken easily by comparing the energies, while the decomposition channel to yield the CF30 and F radicals is the main reaction path. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

Preparation and properties of polyether pentaerythritol mono-maleate grafted linear low density polyethylene by reactive extrusion

A reactive type nonionic surfactant, polyether pentaerythritol mono-maleate (PPMM) was synthesized in our laboratory. PPMM was adopted as functionalizing monomer and grafted onto linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) with a melt reactive extrusion procedure. FT-IR was used to characterize the formation of grafting copolymer and evaluate their degree of grafting. The effects of monomer concentration, reaction temperature and screw run speed on the degree of grafting were studied systematically. Isothermal crystallization kinetics of LLDPE and LLDPE-g-PPMM samples was carried out using DSC.

Density functional study on the reaction mechanism of palladium-catalyzed addition of cyanoboranes to Alkynes

The B3LYP hybrid density functional method has been carried Out to Study theoretically the mechanisin of Pd(0)-catalyzed alkyne cyanoboration reaction. Both the intermolecular and intramolecular alkyne cyanoboration reactions were studied. For each reaction, three paths were proposed. In path A of each reaction, the first step is B-CN bond oxidative addition to bisphosphine complex Pd(PH3)(2), in path B of each reaction, the first step is alkyne coordination to bisphosphine complex Pd(PH3)2, and in path C of each reaction, the first step is the PH3 dissociation front Pd(PH3)2 to form monophosphine complex Pd(PH3) For both reactions, path B is favored.

Effect of secondary ligands' size on energy transfer and electroluminescent efficiencies for a series of europium(III) complexes, a density functional theory study

In this paper, a quantum chemistry method was used to investigate the effect of different sizes of substituted phenanthrolines on absorption, energy transfer, and the electroluminescent performance of a series of Eu(TTA)(3)L (L = [1,10] phenanthroline (Phen), Pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline (PyPhen), 2-methylprrazino[2,3-f][1,10] phenanthroline(MPP), dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine(DPPz), 11-methyldipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'c]phenazine(MDPz), 11.12-dimethyldipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine(DDPz), and benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (BDPz)) complexes. Absorption spectra calculations show that different sizes of secondary ligands have different effects on transition characters, intensities, and absorption peak positions.

Microphase Separation of Mixed Polymer Brushes: Dependence of the Morphology on Grafting Density, Composition, Chain-Length Asymmetry, Solvent Quality, and Selectivity

Microphase separation of binary mixed A/B polymer brushes exposed to different solvents is studied using Single-Chain-in-Mean-Field simulations. Effects of solvent quality and selectivity, grafting density, composition, and chain-length asymmetry are systematically investigated, and diagrams of morphologies in various solvents are constructed as a function of grafting density and composition or chain-length asymmetry. The structure of the microphase segregated morphologies lacks long-range periodic order, and it is analyzed quantitatively Using Minkowski measures.