Carl Gustav Jung a Eranos. Il contributo junghiano al Circolo di Eranos: ideazione, contributi e iniziative dal 1933 al 1952

The dissertation aims to explore the several forms in which the activity of the Swiss psychologist, Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) developed on the project and the realisation of the Eranos Conferences, founded in 1933 by Olga Fröbe-Kapteyn (1881-1962). The dissertation, in particular, focuses on the first twenty-year period (1933-1952) that determined the fundamental aspects and shaped the peculiar configuration of the Eranos Conferences as a “research laboratory” on the universal characteristics of the religious phenomenon. The dissertation contains the following chapters: 1) Aspects of C.G. Jung’s intellectual contribution to the religious hermeneutics proposed in the Eranos Conferences; 2) C.G. Jung’s conferences at Eranos: a historical examination; 3) C.G. Jung and the Eranos Archive for Research in Symbolism; 4) C.G. Jung and the hidden history of Eranos; 5) C.G. Jung’s commentary on Opicinus de Canistris’s Codex Palatinus Latinus 1993: fragments of a lost and rediscovered Eranos seminar.

Politiche attive del lavoro e ammortizzatori sociali in deroga: misure difensive o di promozione delle capacità?

Il tema generale del dottorato di ricerca è l'analisi delle politiche di attivazione in Italia durante la crisi economica. La combinazione di politiche attive e passive del lavoro viene interpretata ricorrendo al quadro teorico proposto da Amartya Sen e basato sul concetto di capability. Abbiamo considerato le misure nazionali e regionali nel quadro delle linee guida europee e analizzato le tendenze verso l'empowerment dei beneficiari di politiche del lavoro attraverso il concetto di capability proposto da Sen. La ricerca empirica ha utilizzato diversi strumenti per la raccolta dei dati: focus group, un questionario inviato ad un campione di 1.200 lavoratori, e interviste.

Capitals and capabilities: linking structure and agency to reduce health inequalities

While empirical evidence continues to show that low socio-economic position is associated with less likely chances of being in good health, our understanding of why this is so remains less than clear. In this paper we examine the theoretical foundations for a structure-agency approach to the reduction of social inequalities in health. We use Max Weber's work on lifestyles to provide the explanation for the dualism between life chances (structure) and choice-based life conduct (agency). For explaining how the unequal distribution of material and non-material resources leads to the reproduction of unequal life chances and limitations of choice in contemporary societies, we apply Pierre Bourdieu's theory on capital interaction and habitus. We find, however, that Bourdieu's habitus concept is insufficient with regard to the role of agency for structural change and therefore does not readily provide for a theoretically supported move from sociological explanation to public health action. We therefore suggest Amartya Sen's capability approach as a useful link between capital interaction theory and action to reduce social inequalities in health. This link allows for the consideration of structural conditions as well as an active role for individuals as agents in reducing these inequalities. We suggest that people's capabilities to be active for their health be considered as a key concept in public health practice to reduce health inequalities. Examples provided from an ongoing health promotion project in Germany link our theoretical perspective to a practical experience.

Der Capability-Ansatz in der Gesundheitsförderung: Ansatzpunkte für eine Neuausrichtung der Ungleichheitsforschung

Gesundheitliches Wohlergehen geht unmittelbar auf das aktive Zutun von Personen und Kollektiven zurück. Zugleich wird gesundheitsrelevantes Handeln nur unter der Berücksichtigung der jeweiligen physischen und sozialen Kontexte zu verstehen und zu beeinflussen sein. Dementsprechend wird hier eine Ausrichtung der modernen Gesundheitsforderung auf die gesundheitsrelevanten Ressourcen und Handlungsspielräume der Menschen vorgeschlagen. Hierfür sind theoretische Grundlagen erforderlich, die die Fragen der sozialen Ungleichheit mit den praktischen Zugängen des Empowerment und der Partizipation schlüssig verbinden. Die Autoren stellen dazu den Capability-Approach (CA) von Amartya Sen vor und ergänzsa diesen mit Erkenntnissen aus der Kapital-Interaktionstheorie von Pierre Bourdieu. Beide Ansätze beleuchten Grundfragen der sozialen Ungleichheit und können mit den Leitkonzepten der Ottawa-Charta fruchtbar verbunden werden. Sie liefern damit auch Anleitungen für neue Forschungsrichtungen zur Untersuchung der komplexen Wechselwirkungen von sozialen Kontexten und gesundheitsrelevantem Handeln.