Alterações microestruturais decorrentes dos sucessivos reparos de solda TIG aplicados ao longo da vida útil de uma estrutura aeronáutica crítica à segurança de vôo

The steel type AISI 4130 (ultra-high strength steel) is an alloy of low carbon and its main alloying elements are chromium and molybdenum, which improves the toughness of the weld metal. It has numerous applications, especially where the need for high mechanical strength. It is widely used in equipment used by the aviation industry, such as cradle-tomotor, and this is the motivation for this study. Cots are of fundamental importance, because the engine supports and maintains balance in the fixed landing gear. This equipment is subjected to intense loading cycles, whose fractures caused by fatigue are constantly observed. Will be determined the effects caused by re-welding the structure of aeronautical equipment, and will also study the microstructure of the metal without welding. The studies will be done on materials used in aircraft, which was given to study. The results provide knowledge of microstructure to evaluate any type of fracture that maybe caused by fatigue. Fatigue is a major cause of aircraft accidents and incidents occurred, which makes the study of the microstructure of the metal, weld and re-solder the knowledge essential to the life of the material. The prevention and control of the process of fatigue in aircraft are critical, since the components are subjected to greater responsibility cyclic loading

Checklist de cirurgias da OMS: análise da segurança e comunicação da equipe cirúrgica de um hospital escola

WHO has launched the “Safe Surgery Saves Lives” program with the purpose to reduce damage to surgical patients and define safety standards specifically in order to reduce such patients’ morbi-mortality by providing surgery teams and hospital managers with orientation about the standards of safe surgery and a uniform service evaluation instrument for national and international surveillance. Hence, this study aimed at applying the WHO safe-surgery checklist to the surgical specialties of a university hospital and evaluating the team’s opinion about the influence of its application on the safety of surgical process and on the team’s interpersonal communication. It was a descriptive, analytical, qualitative field study conducted in the surgery facilities of a university hospital in a public establishment in São Paulo state. The checklist was applied to eight surgical specialties, resulting in a total number of 30 surgeries. Its application was conducted by the researcher in three phases: Sign in, Time out, Sign Out. Next, one member of the surgery team was invited to voluntarily participate in the study by signing an informed consent form and answering guiding questions. Thirty members of the surgery team participated in the study. Bardin’s Content Analysis Method was used to organize and analyze the data. As regards the safety provided by the checklist, the following thematic categories emerged: “It reduces risk and possible complications”; “It standardizes conducts and reviews safety steps”; “It allows for better understanding of the process”; and “It provides safety to the team as a whole”. The category “It is not included in the institution’s routine” emerged from the subjects’ statements when they understood that, in this form, the checklist does not provide safety to surgical procedures. As regards communication, two thematic categories emerged: ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Diagnóstico dos resíduos gerados nas oficinas mecânicas de veículos automotivos do município de São Carlos-SP

The mechanical garages do varied types to activities related to the reparation from vehicles such as change from Motor oil, change and cleaning from car pieces, motor rectification, among others. These activities generate different kinds of waste and wastewater that when disposed in an inappropriate way can pollute the environmentand cause risks to the public health. Despite the environmental issues that involves these enterprises, they aren´t object of environmental licensing and there are any rules that regularizes their activities with the goal of these possible environmental impacts mitigation. The environmental diagnosis proposed by the present work has as goal the knowledge of the possible environmental aspects and their effects in the environment, for establishing control measures and from that to generate subsidy for environmental normatization of the sector in the municipal level. Furthermore, it should also define practices as waste production reduction, separation of them at the generator source and convenient final disposal, as well as wastewater production reduction and treatment of them before its launching in the wastewater network. The environmental diagnosis was based on a survey realized in garages from the city of São Carlos – SP, in order to define the more important characteristics of this activity that are related to the environment and public health. From the obtained information from the survey and the interpretation of the data, subsidy for the municipal environment management of the mechanical garages were generated.

Avaliação da segurança hepática e cardíaca do composto LYSO-07 – nova tiazolidinodiona

A introdução de um novo produto farmacêutico no mercado requer prévia realização de estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos, principalmente aqueles relacionados à toxicidade e segurança do novo composto e incluem a investigação de efeitos deletérios. Uma nova tiazolidinodiona (TZD) – lyso-07 - sintetizada pelo Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Fármacos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco foi submetida a testes em ratos wistar para avaliação de toxicidade. O estudo envolveu a utilização de 20 animais distribuídos em quatro grupos: água (1ml/0,25kg animal), suspensão (1ml/0,25kg animal), lyso-07 (4,5 mg/ml) e lyso-07 na dose equimolar da pioglitazona (3,58 mg/ml). Os resultados dos parâmetros ALT, AST, colesterol, creatinina, glicose e ureia nos grupos tratados com a lyso – 07 não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação ao grupo controle, o que permite inferir que a nova molécula não apresentou hepatotoxicidade, nefrotoxicidade e disfunções dos níveis de colesterol e glicemia nas condições experimentais empregadas. Já os resultados de CK e CK-MB apresentaram resultados dispersos dentro e fora da normalidade descrita na literatura, dificultando a obtenção de resultados conclusivos quanto a cardiotoxicidade da lyso - 07. Portanto, esta molécula demonstrou-se promissora, mas ainda requer novos estudos para sua introdução futura no mercado

Contagem automatizada de veículos utilizando segmentação estatística

In this work was developed a program capable of performing automatic counting of vehicles on roads. The problem of counting vehicles is using expensive techniques for its realization, techniques which often involve manual counting or degradation of the pavement. The main motivation for this work was the importance that the vehicle counting represents to the Traffic Engineer, being essential to analyze the performance of the roads, allowing to measure the need for installation of traffic lights, roundabouts, access ways, among other means capable of ensuring a continuous flow and safe for vehicles. The main objective of this work was to apply a statistical segmentation technique recently developed, based on a nonparametric linear regression model, to solve the segmentation problem of the program counter. The development program was based on the creation of three major modules, one for the segmentation, another for the tracking and another for the recognition. For the development of the segmentation module, it was applied a statistical technique combined with the segmentation by background difference, in order to optimize the process. The tracking module was developed based on the use of Kalman filters and application of simple concepts of analytical geometry. To develop the recognition module, it was used Fourier descriptors and a neural network multilayer perceptron, trained by backpropagation. Besides the development of the modules, it was also developed a control logic capable of performing the interconnection among the modules, mainly based on a data structure called state. The analysis of the results was applied to the program counter and its component modules, and the individual analysis served as a means to establish the par ameter values of techniques used. The find result was positive, since the statistical segmentation technique proved to be very useful and the developed program was able to count the vehicles belonging to the three goal..

Elaboração de manual da qualidade e manual de segurança em laboratório para a unidade operacional de equivalência farmacêutica da UNESP

No ambiente competitivo em que as empresas estão inseridas, verifica-se um crescimento significativo da divulgação sobre a importância de uma gestão adequada, objetivando a manutenção de sua sustentação competitiva. As exigências de mercado fazem crescer continuamente a preocupação em implantar Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade, não só no universo das grandes corporações, mas também das empresas prestadoras de serviços, como por exemplo, os laboratórios de ensaio. A Promulgação da Lei dos medicamentos Genéricos (LEI 9787), por meio da RDC 299/99 estabelece que os laboratórios possuem o dever de prestar serviços que atendam aos princípios fundamentais de gestão da qualidade analítica e de boas práticas de laboratório. Nesse contexto e visando a condução dos ensaios exigidos para o registro de medicamentos genéricos, a Rede Brasileira de Laboratórios Analíticos em Saúde teve sua origem. Dentre os requisitos estabelecidos pela REBLAS para habilitação de laboratórios na condução de ensaios de Equivalência Farmacêutica, é determinado que “o laboratório deve estabelecer, implementar e manter um Sistema da Qualidade apropriado ao escopo das suas atividades” (ANVISA, 2002). Assim, torna-se indispensável a existência de um Manual da Qualidade, ferramenta que descreve o Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade de acordo com a política e objetivos que são declarados pela organização, bem como um Manual de Segurança em Laboratório para a Unidade Operacional de Equivalência Farmacêutica da UNESP.

Controle de velocidade e tração de rodas independentes para veículos elétricos

This work presents a proposal to replace thetraditional system of traction electric car that usesone electric motor and a mechanical differential, by two electric motors of lower power, controlled byelectronic control low cost. The proposed control isopen loop and uses the technique of Pulse WidthModulation (PWM), discrete and synchronizedaiming to reduce the generation of harmonics. The implementation of two smaller motor one on each wheel-drive distributes the weight of the vehicle, improving the heat exchange of the windings,beyond enable the power components supporting a current of 50% predicted for only one motor . The solution adopted for being open-loop, has a similar behavior to the mechanical differential, where theeffort imposed by the trajectory makes the velocity distribution between the wheels be appropriate tovehicle trajectory

Mídias radicais e a utilização do Culture Jamming: quebrando as barreiras construídas pelos veículos hegemônicos

This monograph aims to analyze the ability of the radical media to lead journalistic productions performed by O Globo during debates of the event Rio +20. The concentration of the major means of communication in the minor part of the population consolidates what can be called by hegemonic media. These media are primarily responsible for controlling the content viewed by a large portion of the population. Aiming a true plurality of information the alternative media day-by-day is looking for a bigger space within the communication market. Thus, the hegemonic media use capable tools to interfere in editorial policies consolidated by corporative media. One of those possible tools is the Culture Jamming, an activist action that interferes in a variety of marketing branches of communication. Therefore, having in its basis theorists such as John Downing and Perseu Abramo this study analyzed the journalistic content produced by the newspaper O Globo between the days 13 to 22 of June, in which the Rio +20 activities were held

Processamento de peças em materiais compósitos para o projeto BAJA SAE

The weight of a vehicle has always been considered an extreme important factor, because it interferes in the performance, steering, consume, environmental impact, wear of components, among the others. Because of the new demand, consume reduction aim and gases emission increased the necessity to manufacture lighter vehicles, guaranteeing the complying with the gas emission international law. Besides the legal demand, the low weight will certainly be essential for the competitiveness for the next generation of vehicles. It is with this thinking the composite materials have been introduced in the automobilist industry, because those materials show an excellent relation of strength/weight, providing a reduction of consume and the increase of load capacity. Those factors justify the increase of interest of industry and the necessity of optimization of those materials and of their process. For this research, the field of application will be the Baja SAE Project, a project that is fully developed by engineering students, where they build a prototype single seat, off-road category, for use on hilly slopes with obstacle. This research aims to study two key components of the prototype are made of composite materials, analyzing all the processing. In addition, there is the analysis of the viability of this production parts to a Baja SAE vehicle, in order to increase their performance and reduce their weight without reducing the safety and robustness of the prototype. It was possible to achieve weight reduction of the steering subsystem with manufacturing the flywheel hybrid composite (carbon/glass) and the replacement of SAE 1010 steel by hybrid composite (carbon/aramid) in CVT box. The importance of this study is to obtain a good project for the vehicle of technical and scientific manner, contributing to the know-how to the team and providing a basis for optimization for upcoming projects

Uma proposta de resolução para problemas de roteirização de veículos baseada no algoritmo genético

The vehicle routing problem is to nd a better route to meet a set of customers who are geographically dispersed using vehicles that are a central repository to which they return after serving customers. These customers have a demand that must be met. Such problems have a wide practical application among them we can mention: school transport, distribution of newspapers, garbage collection, among others. Because it is a classic problem as NP-hard, these problems have aroused interest in the search for viable methods of resolution. In this paper we use the Genetic Algorithm as a resolution

Estimativa das emissões de monóxido de carbono por veículos automotivos na cidade de Campinas/SP utilizando o modelo CAL3QHCR

Air pollution is an environmental issue worldwide and frequently cause negative effects on population health and ecosystems on cities. The relationship between climate and atmospheric pollution can be used as a surrogate to the intensity of air pollution. The present and quantity of some gases can be used as indicators to air quality: particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Among those gases, CO has its major source within the cities, where automobiles are the main emitter. But measure pollutant concentration are challenging, sometimes because the lack of good equipments due to high costs and of the large variability of models that varies in precision, way of measure and distribution of sellers. Modeling are useful when there are an intend to evaluate air pollution, its sources and evaluate scenarios. This work aims to use CAL3QHCR model developed by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to generate predictive surfaces of CO concentration distribution on a site within Campinas city, located in São Paulo state, Brazil. CAL3QHCR model use data urban automobile circulation to generate spatial results for CO distribution. We observed that the pollution concentration was lower on our modeling than the concentrations measured by Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), the main environmental company on the São Paulo state. Also the correlation between average estimates of our model and the measure by CETESB was weak, indicating that the model used on this study need to be or better parameterized, or the scale we measured of CO emissions need to be rescaled. Although the model failed to correlate to CETESB data, maybe one that explore the estimated emissions distributed within the sites to understand spatial distributions of CO on the regions. Also, the generated information can also be used to other studies, and come to be useful to explain heat island

Estudo da sinistralidade no mercado securitário de veículos: uma abordagem multivariada

Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB

Estudo sobre o funcionamento de sistema de controle de tração em veículos automotores

This study explores the subject of traction control systems through bibliografy review on the spot of Mechanical Engineering. This paper has the objetivo of high light the main components and tecnology involved since MaxTrac system in 1971. It describes systems controled by throttle valve and breaks. Additionally, it i also presented basic knowlodged regarding electronic control unit and wheel sensors

Impacto do polimorfismo genético do polipeptídeo transportador de ânions orgânicos 1B1 (OATP1B1) na eficácia e segurança da atorvastatina

A atorvastatina, amplamente utilizada no tratamento de dislipidemias, é fármaco inibidor da enzima 3-hidroxi-3-metilglutaril coenzima A redutase (HMG-CoA) redutase que atua na etapa limitante da síntese do colesterol nas células hepáticas. O transporte hepatocelular da atorvastatina é mediado principalmente pelo polipeptídeo transportador de ânions orgânicos (OATP) 1B1, o qual é altamente polimórfico geneticamente e está sujeito a interação com outros fármacos usados na clínica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura científica baseada em estudos clínicos, in vitro e experimentais a fim de avaliar o impacto de polimorfismos genéticos de OATP1B1 na disposição cinética, eficácia e toxicidade da atorvastatina. Os estudos clínicos demonstram que o polimorfismo c.521T>C, presente nos alelos SLCO1B1 *5 e *15, resulta em alteração funcional da atividade transportadora, sendo que indivíduos homozigotos para o alelo raro C, apresentam maiores concentrações plasmáticas de atorvastatina e seus metabólitos ativos 2-hidroxiatorvastatina e 4- hidroxiatorvastatina. Entretanto, o aumento na concentração plasmática da atorvastatina e seus metabólitos ativos em indivíduos c.521 CC parece não ser acompanhado de redução na concentração dos mesmos no sítio alvo, tendo em vista que não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na redução da LDL-C ou colesterol total quando comparados aos indivíduos homozigotos para o alelo selvagem. O alelo SLCO1B1*15 mostrou-se significativamente associado a miopatia induzida pela atorvastatina, apesar do pequeno número de pacientes investigados. Estudos in vitro em células expressando OATP1B1 são necessários a fim de investigar o impacto do polimorfismo c.521T>C na concentração de atorvastatina nos hepatócitos. Sugere-se ainda que estudos clínicos sejam conduzidos a fim de avaliar se a redução da dose de...

Segurança em redes sem fio: estudo sobre o desenvolvimento de conjuntos de dados para comparação de IDS

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS