Automating fault tolerance in high-performance computational biological jobs using multi-agent approaches

Background: Large-scale biological jobs on high-performance computing systems require manual intervention if one or more computing cores on which they execute fail. This places not only a cost on the maintenance of the job, but also a cost on the time taken for reinstating the job and the risk of losing data and execution accomplished by the job before it failed. Approaches which can proactively detect computing core failures and take action to relocate the computing core's job onto reliable cores can make a significant step towards automating fault tolerance. Method: This paper describes an experimental investigation into the use of multi-agent approaches for fault tolerance. Two approaches are studied, the first at the job level and the second at the core level. The approaches are investigated for single core failure scenarios that can occur in the execution of parallel reduction algorithms on computer clusters. A third approach is proposed that incorporates multi-agent technology both at the job and core level. Experiments are pursued in the context of genome searching, a popular computational biology application. Result: The key conclusion is that the approaches proposed are feasible for automating fault tolerance in high-performance computing systems with minimal human intervention. In a typical experiment in which the fault tolerance is studied, centralised and decentralised checkpointing approaches on an average add 90% to the actual time for executing the job. On the other hand, in the same experiment the multi-agent approaches add only 10% to the overall execution time

A HuGE Review and Meta-Analyses of Genetic Associations in New Onset Diabetes after Kidney Transplantation

PURPOSE: New onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a serious complication following solid organ transplantation. There is a genetic contribution to NODAT and we have conducted comprehensive meta-analysis of available genetic data in kidney transplant populations.

METHODS: Relevant articles investigating the association between genetic markers and NODAT were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. SNPs described in a minimum of three studies were included for analysis using a random effects model. The association between identified variants and NODAT was calculated at the per-study level to generate overall significance values and effect sizes.

RESULTS: Searching the literature returned 4,147 citations. Within the 36 eligible articles identified, 18 genetic variants from 12 genes were considered for analysis. Of these, three were significantly associated with NODAT by meta-analysis at the 5% level of significance; CDKAL1 rs10946398 p = 0.006 OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.11-1.85 (n = 696 individuals), KCNQ1 rs2237892 p = 0.007 OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.10-1.86 (n = 1,270 individuals), and TCF7L2 rs7903146 p = 0.01 OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.07-1.85 (n = 2,967 individuals).

CONCLUSION: Evaluating cumulative evidence for SNPs associated with NODAT in kidney transplant recipients has revealed three SNPs associated with NODAT. An adequately powered, dense genome-wide association study will provide more information using a carefully defined NODAT phenotype.

Identification and bioactivity evaluation of a novel bradykinin inhibitory peptide from the skin secretion of Chinese large odorous frog, Odorrana livida

A novel peptide was isolated from the skin secretion of Chinese large odorous frog, Odorrana livida, and was named as Rana-BI. The cDNA sequencing was obtained by 'shotgun' cloning. The amino acid sequence of the mature peptide was identified as Gly-Leu-Leu-Ser-Gly-Lys-Ser-Val-Lys-Gly-Ser-Ile-OH by automated Edman degradation, and the molecular weight of the peptide was confirmed to be 1144.68 Da by MALDI-TOF and liquid chromatography/MS. Subsequently, the bioactivity of synthetic peptide was evaluated by smooth muscle assay using isolated rat bladder preparation. It was demonstrated that Rana-BI inhibited the contraction of rat bladder induced by bradykinin. Comparing with other peptides by searching from database, the primary structure of Rana-BI showed high similarity with that of an antimicrobial peptide of Rana family (12/12 residues). These data revealed a novel biological function of this peptide

The effectiveness of disaster risk communication: a systematic review of intervention studies

INTRODUCTION: A disaster is a serious disruption to the functioning of a community that exceeds its capacity to cope within its own resources. Risk communication in disasters aims to prevent and mitigate harm from disasters, prepare the population before a disaster, disseminate information during disasters and aid subsequent recovery. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, appraise and synthesise the findings of studies of the effects of risk communication interventions during four stages of the disaster cycle.

METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science and grey literature sources for randomised trials, cluster randomised trials, controlled and uncontrolled before and after studies, interrupted time series studies and qualitative studies of any method of disaster risk communication to at-risk populations. Outcome criteria were disaster-related knowledge and behaviour, and health outcomes.

RESULTS: Searches yielded 5,224 unique articles, of which 100 were judged to be potentially relevant. Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, and two additional studies were identified from other searching. The studies evaluated interventions in all four stages of the disaster cycle, included a variety of man-made, natural and infectious disease disasters, and were conducted in many disparate settings. Only one randomised trial and one cluster randomised trial were identified, with less robust designs used in the other studies. Several studies reported improvements in disaster-related knowledge and behaviour.

DISCUSSION: We identified and appraised intervention studies of disaster risk communication and present an overview of the contemporary literature. Most studies used non-randomised designs that make interpretation challenging. We do not make specific recommendations for practice but highlight the need for high-quality randomised trials and appropriately-analysed cluster randomised trials in the field of disaster risk communication where these can be conducted within an appropriate research ethics framework.

Infrared and Raman screening of seized novel psychoactive substances: A large scale study of >200 samples

The potential of IR absorption and Raman spectroscopy for rapid identification of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) has been tested using a set of 221 unsorted seized samples suspected of containing NPS. Both IR and Raman spectra showed large variation between the different sub-classifications of NPS and smaller, but still distinguishable, differences between closely related compounds within the same class. In initial tests, screening the samples using spectral searching against a limited reference library allowed only 41% of the samples to be fully identified. The limiting factor in the identification was the large number of active compounds in the seized samples for which no reference vibrational data were available in the libraries rather than poor spectral quality. Therefore, when 33 of these compounds were independently identified by NMR and mass spectrometry and their spectra used to extend the libraries, the percentage of samples identified by IR and Raman screening alone increased to 76%, with only 7% of samples having no identifiable constituents. This study, which is the largest of its type ever carried out, therefore demonstrates that this approach of detecting non-matching samples and then identifying them using standard analytical methods has considerable potential in NPS screening since it allows rapid identification of the constituents of the majority of street quality samples. Only one complete feedback cycle was carried out in this study but there is clearly the potential to carry out continuous identification/updating when this system is used in operational settings.

Healthcare Staff Experience of Providing End-of-Life Care to Children: A Mixed Method Review

Background: Staff who provide end-of-life care to children not only have to deal with their own sense of loss, but also that of bereaved families. There is a dearth of knowledge on how they cope with these challenges.
Aim: The aim of this review is to explore the experiences of health care professionals who provide end-of-life care to children in order to inform the development of interventions to support them, thereby improving the quality of paediatric care for both children and their families.
Data sources: Searches included CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and The Cochrane Library in June 2015, with no date restrictions. Additional literature was uncovered from searching reference lists of relevant studies, along with contacting experts in the field of paediatric palliative care.
Design: This was a systematic mixed studies review. Study selection, appraisal and data extraction were conducted by two independent researchers. Integrative thematic analysis was used to synthesise the data.
Results: The 16 qualitative, six quantitative, and eight mixed-method studies identified included healthcare professionals in a range of settings. Key themes identified rewards and challenges of providing end-of-life care to children, the impact on staff’s personal and professional lives, coping strategies, and key approaches to help support staff in their role.
Conclusions: Education focusing on the unique challenges of providing end-of-life care to children and the importance of self-care, along with timely multidisciplinary debriefing are key strategies for improving healthcare staffs’ experiences, and as such the quality of care they provide.

Systematically retrieving research in the digital age: Case study on the topic of social networking sites and young people’s mental health

Online information seeking has become normative practice among both academics and the general population. This study appraised the performance of eight databases to retrieve research pertaining to the influence of social networking sites on the mental health of young people. A total of 43 empirical studies on young people’s use of social networking sites and the mental health implications were retrieved. Scopus and SSCI had the highest sensitivity with PsycINFO having the highest precision. Effective searching requires large
generic databases, supplemented by subject-specific catalogues. The methodology developed here may provide inexperienced searchers, such as undergraduate students, with a framework to define a realistic scale of searching to undertake for a particular literature review or similar project.

Improving the wellbeing of staff who work in palliative care settings: a systematic review of psychosocial interventions

Background: Staff in palliative care settings perform emotionally demanding roles which may lead to psychological distress including stress and burnout. Therefore, interventions have been designed to address these occupational risks.

Aim: To investigate quantitative studies exploring the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions that attempt to improve psychological wellbeing of palliative care staff.

Design: A systematic review was conducted according to methodological guidance from UK Centre for Reviews and Dissemination.

Data sources: A search strategy was developed based on the initial scans of palliative care studies. Potentially eligible research articles were identified by searching the following databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently screened studies against pre-set eligibility criteria. To assess quality, both researchers separately assessed the remaining studies using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.

Results: A total of 1786 potentially eligible articles were identified – nine remained following screening and quality assessment. Study types included two randomised controlled trials, two non-randomised controlled trial designs, four one-group pre–post evaluations and one process evaluation. Studies took place in the United States and Canada (5), Europe (3) and Hong Kong (1). Interventions comprised a mixture of relaxation, education, support and cognitive training and targeted stress, fatigue, burnout, depression and satisfaction. The randomised controlled trial evaluations did not improve psychological wellbeing of palliative care staff. Only two of the quasi-experimental studies appeared to show improved staff wellbeing although these studies were methodologically weak.

Conclusion: There is an urgent need to address the lack of intervention development work and high-quality research in this area.

The effectiveness, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for maltreated children and adolescents: An evidence synthesis

DESIGN We will address our research objectives by searching the published and unpublished literature and conducting an evidence synthesis of i) studies of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions provided for children and adolescents who have suffered maltreatment, ii) economic evaluations of these interventions and iii) studies of their acceptability to children, adolescents and their carers. SEARCH STRATEGY: Evidence will be identified via electronic databases for health and allied health literature, social sciences and social welfare, education and other evidence based depositories, and economic databases. We will identify material generated by user-led,voluntary sector enquiry by searching the internet and browsing the websites of relevant UK government departments and charities. Additionally, studies will be identified via the bibliographies of retrieved articles/reviews; targeted author searches; forward citation searching. We will also use our extensive professional networks, and our planned consultations with key stakeholders and our study steering committee. Databases will be searched from inception to time of search. REVIEW STRATEGY Inclusion criteria: 1) Infants, children or adolescents who have experienced maltreatment between the ages of 0 17 years. 2) All psychosocial interventions available for maltreated children and adolescents, by any provider and in any setting, aiming to address the sequelae of any form of maltreatment, including fabricated illness. 3) For synthesis of evidence of effectiveness: all controlled studies in which psychosocial interventions are compared with no-treatment, treatment as usual, waitlist or other-treated controls. For a synthesis of evidence of acceptability we will include any design that asks participants for their views or provides data on non-participation. For decision-analytic modelling we may include uncontrolled studies. Primary and secondary outcomes will be confirmed in consultation with stakeholders. Provisional primary outcomes are psychological distress/mental health (particularly PTSD, depression and anxiety, self-harm); ii) behaviour; iii) social functioning; iv) cognitive / academic attainment, v) quality of life, and vi) costs. After studies that meet the inclusion criteria have been identified (independently by two reviewers), data will be extracted and risk of bias (RoB) assessed (independently by two reviewers) using the Cochrane Collaboration RoB Tool (effectiveness), quality hierarchies of data sources for economic analyses (cost-effectiveness) and the CASP tool for qualitative research (acceptability). Where interventions are similar and appropriate data are available (or can be obtained) evidence synthesis will be performed to pool the results. Where possible, we will explore the extent to which age, maltreatment history (including whether intra- or extra-familial), time since maltreatment, care setting (family / out-of-home care including foster care/residential), care history, and characteristics of intervention (type, setting, provider, duration) moderate the effects of psychosocial interventions. A synthesis of acceptability data will be undertaken, using a narrative approach to synthesis. A decision-analytic model will be constructed to compare the expected cost-effectiveness of the different types of intervention identified in the systematic review. We will also conduct a Value of information analysis if the data permit. EXPECTED OUTPUTS: A synthesis of the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for maltreated children (taking into account age, maltreatment profile and setting) and their acceptability to key stakeholders.

Estratégia empresarial: contribuição para a análise estratégica das cooperativas vitivinícolas do Alentejo

O presente estudo tem como objetivos analisar a estratégia competitiva das adegas cooperativas do Alentejo, através da análise das ações que têm sido por elas desenvolvidas, propor linhas adicionais de ação estratégica e perspectivar as suas possibilidades de sucesso. A inovação e a flexibilidade das adegas cooperativas para se adaptarem ao crescente dinamismo dos contextos empresariais, conduziu a uma gestão mais profissional e a encarar a estratégia como necessária para uma maior competitividade. Nesse sentido, a cooperação entre as adegas cooperativas é vista como um meio de aumentar a competitividade no mercado internacional. A investigação permitiu constatar que o sector vitivinícola a nível mundial esta na fase de maturidade, com excesso de capacidade produtiva, procura global decrescente e queda de pregos, apresenta, no entanto, alterações significativas nos hábitos de consumo. As adegas cooperativas utilizam estratégias de diferenciação, apostam em produtos de qualidade e com elevados índices de notoriedade entre os consumidores. As principais diferenças competitivas entre elas estão relacionadas com a dimensão e a relação entre esta e a capacidade de recursos para investir ao nível do Marketing-Mix por forma a construir vantagens competitivas duradouras através da notoriedade dos seus vinhos. Para além disso, verifica-se também nas adegas de maior dimensão uma gestão estratégica mais orientada para a competitividade sustentável e maior visão estratégica. O método utilizado (estudo de caso comparativo, de natureza exploratória e, essencialmente qualitativo) não permite uma generalização extensiva dos seus resultados para além das cooperativas estudadas. Os resultados devem ser entendidos, de forma ponderada, no seu contexto específico e para os casos em concreto, pois, cada organização tem características únicas que influenciam o funcionamento da gestão. ABSTRACT - The present study has has been to analyse the competitive strategy of the Alentejo cooperative cellars, through the analysis of the shares that have been developed for the cooperative cellars, propose additional lines of strategic action and preview their possibility of success. The innovation and the flexibility of the cooperative cellars to the dynamic growth of the business contexts, accelerated shattering process of the enterprise contexts, lead to a more professional management and to face the strategy as necessary for a bigger competitiveness. In this direction, the cooperation between the cooperative cellars is seen as a way to increase the competitiveness in the international market. The inquiry allowed to evidence a world industry in maturity phase, with excess of productive capacity, presents a decreasing demand, alteration of the consumption habits and fall of the prices. The cooperative cellars use differentiation strategies, bet in products of quality and with raised indices of notoriety between the consumers. The main competitive differences between them are related with the dimension and the relation between this and the capacity of resources to invest to the level of Marketing-Mix for form to construct lasting competitive advantages through the notoriety of its wines. For moreover, a strategic management more guided for the sustainable competitiveness is also verified in the cellars of bigger dimension and bigger strategic vision. Due to the applied method (comparative case study, in searching manner and, essencialy qualitative) it cannot be purposed an extensive generalization of the results to another non-studied population. The results must be understood in a balanced way, in their Enterprise Strategy: Contribution for the Strategic Analysis of the Alentejo Wines Cooperatives specific context, and for real cases, since each company has its own features that influences the management work.

O design dos jornais diários e generalistas portugueses

O presente trabalho é um estudo comparativo de imagem gráfica que visa analisar o estado actual do design gráfico dos jornais diários nacionais de cariz generalista – Público, Diário de Notícias, Jornal de Notícias, Correio da Manhã e 24 Horas. Efectuada a análise dos jornais, é proposto o redesign do Jornal de Notícias, com o objectivo de aplicar as conclusões obtidas de forma teórica num projecto prático. As opiniões resultantes deste trabalho apresentam dois tipos de contributo: em primeiro lugar, permitem caracterizar num determinado período de tempo a apresentação visual das publicações diárias e generalistas em Portugal. Em segundo lugar, contribuem para ultrapassar as soluções de menor eficácia, potenciando a apresentação visual do conteúdo informativo das publicações acima referidas, com o objectivo de fidelizar e aumentar o número de leitores e potenciar as vendas. A metodologia utilizada para a realização da presente tese desenvolve-se em três partes: na primeira parte, a leitura bibliográfica, a investigação e o registo de informações, distribuída ao longo de treze áreas fundamentais para a compreensão e posterior aplicação às restantes partes; na segunda parte, o recurso a entrevistas a profissionais ligados ao design de publicações jornalísticas, bem como a análise de jornais diários nacionais e estrangeiros, tendo como base os resultados obtidos pelo Poynter Institute for Media Sudies no projecto Eye-Trac Research, um dos maiores estudos realizados sobre a importância da cor nas publicações jornalísticas e da forma como o leitor percorre as páginas de um jornal; na terceira parte, a realização de um projecto de redesign para o Jornal de Notícias. Na opinião de alguns especialistas, como Mario García e Rodrigo Fino, no futuro os jornais terão uma função de complementaridade relativamente às restantes plataformas de informação e o público será simultaneamente leitor no ecrã e no papel. Nesse sentido, os designers deverão encontrar novas formas de potenciar o conteúdo e de estabelecer graficamente meios eficazes de ligação entre as diferentes plataformas de informação. Independentemente do suporte, em papel ou no ecrã, a função do designer será sempre a de encontrar soluções mais eficazes para cada caso concreto.

Clínica de ruminantes

O presente relatório surge na sequência da realização do estágio curricular na coo-perativa Fomento Extremeño Ovino Sociedad Agraria de Transformación no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária na Universidade de Évora. Este relatório apresenta-se dividido em duas partes. Na primeira são descritas as atividades desenvolvi-das no controlo reprodutivo, profilaxia médica e clínica médica. A segunda parte é cons-tituída por uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tétano em ovinos, patologia que tem especial importância nesta espécie devido aos procedimentos realizados no maneio ainda muito tradicionais, e no final são apresentados dois casos clínicos e a sua respetiva discussão à luz do estado de arte; Ruminants clinics Abstract: This report follows up on the completion of the internship at the Fomento Extre-meño Ovino Sociedad Agraria de Transformación as part of the Master Degree in Vete-rinary Medicine at the University of Évora. Thereby the present repor is divided into two parts. The first part describes the activities performed in reproductive control, medical prophylaxis and medical clinic. The second part is composed by a bibliographical review about tetanus in sheeps, a pathology that has special importance in this species due to animal management procedures performed wich are still very tradicional. Lastly, this re-port presents two clínical cases and its respective discussion according to presente knowledge.

A cartografia educacional de um território como factor enriquecedor da oferta educativa: O caso do agrupamento de escolas nº 4 de Évora

A presente dissertação teve como linha de rumo a questão de partida: De que forma é que a existência de ambientes de aprendizagem não formal e informal no território/comunidade pode enquadrar e reforçar as aprendizagens formais e a relação com a escola? Através duma abordagem teórica que inclui uma revisão bibliográfica e a análise de normativos legais que abordam e regulamentam a área em que decorre o nosso estudo, procurámos dar resposta aos seguintes objectivos: a) efectuar a cartografia institucional do território educativo do Agrupamento de Escolas nº4 de Évora; b) conhecer o potencial educativo existente nas associações e instituições localizadas no território; c) identificar instituições que possibilitem novas ofertas educativas e possam promover e potenciar o sucesso educativo, d) avaliar a oferta local de ambientes de aprendizagem e a sua disponibilidade para a promoção de parcerias educativas. Ao nível do estudo empírico e como forma de dar resposta às questões da investigação, optámos por uma metodologia mista (quantitativa/qualitativa), numa aproximação conceptual ao estudo de caso, tendo recorrido ao inquérito por questionário, aplicado como técnica de recolha de dados. Após a apresentação dos dados disponíveis, sua análise e interpretação, apurámos as seguintes conclusões: a) as instituições objecto do nosso estudo constituem um recurso do qual este Agrupamento não pode prescindir para a prossecução da sua acção educativa; b) estas instituições desenvolvem no seu seio uma considerável quantidade de actividades que envolvem aprendizagens; c) estas instituições estão receptivas à promoção de parcerias com o Agrupamento; d) estas instituições, pela área de actividade desenvolvida e pelo desenvolvimento de actividades com aprendizagem, podem potenciar novas ofertas educativas; e) estão reunidas as condições, nesta comunidade educativa, para a construção duma Carta Educativa de Agrupamento envolvendo todos os ambientes de aprendizagem disponíveis. No final da nossa dissertação expressámos as recomendações e sugestões que possam potenciar futuras investigações ABSTRACT; The following dissertation had, has a basis, the starting question (How can the existence of formal and informal environments in the territory/community regulate and reinforce the formal apprenticeships and the relationship with the school?). Through a theoretical approach and bibliographical and an analysis of legislation concerning to the area of our study we have tried to answer to the following objectives: a) create an institutional map of the educative territory of 4th Group of Schools of Évora) understand the educational potential of the institutions and associations in the territory; c) identify the institutions that may offer new educational offers that promote and may increase the educational success and d) evaluate the local offer of apprenticeship environments and their willingness to promote educational partnerships. ln terms of empirical study and as a way to answer the questions of our investigation we have opted to use a mixed quantitative/qualitative methodology in a conceptual approach to the case study having used a survey by questionnaire which was used as a technique for data collection. After the presentation of the available data, we have analyzed and interpreted it and got to the following conclusions: a) the institutions that we have studied are a resource that our Group of Schools must use to fulfill its educational action; b) these institutions create inside themselves a considerable amount of activities that involve apprenticeships; c) these institutions are receptive to the creation of partnerships with the group; d) these institutions may create new educational offers because of their activity area and their development of apprenticeship activities; e) there are conditions, in this educational community for the creation of a real Educational Chart for the 4th Group of Schools concerning all the learning environments. At the end of our dissertation we express our recommendations and suggestions that may help in future investigations

A construção escolar do plano nacional de leitura: um estudo num agrupamento de escolas do ensino básico

As medidas políticas tornam-se palco dos processos de apropriação e recepção que se desenvolvem a vários níveis, especificamente, na escola, na sociedade civil e na comunidade científica. A escola apresenta-se, neste processo, como um dos cenários em que alunos, pais e, em especial, os professores surgem como actores que reinterpretam o discurso oficial, reconhecendo nele potencialidades e limites, em face das suas expectativas, concepções e práticas, e que procedem à sua transposição pedagógica, através dos objectivos que seleccionam, dos objectos que lêem, das actividades e dos recursos mobilizados. A relevância social da leitura, a sua centralidade e transversalidade curriculares, assim como o investimento político no domínio da promoção leitora, na escola, através da criação do Plano Nacional de Leitura, fazem desta medida política, um campo privilegiado para a análise dos modos de recepção desenvolvidos pelos professores. Enquadrado numa perspectiva descritiva e interpretativa da investigação em Didáctica, assumindo a importância da construção pessoal e colectiva da leitura e dos leitores num quadro escolar, este estudo baseia-se no pressuposto de que a promoção da leitura, na escola, tendo como referência o PNL, terá de se ancorar no conhecimento sobre os modos de recepção desta medida política. Partindo de um desenho metodológico assente num estudo de caso, recolhemos dados, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, que nos permitem conhecer e interpretar a relação de um agrupamento de escolas do ensino básico com as práticas de leitura realizadas no âmbito do PNL. O percurso de análise e reflexão que construímos durante este estudo permitiu-nos sobretudo evidenciar a receptividade às propostas políticas, de nível global, actualizadas numa lógica de especificidade local. Constituem lugares de maior adesão, por parte dos professores, o reconhecimento das potencialidades do PNL, especificamente, o alargamento do fundo bibliográfico, o aumento das práticas de leitura, o maior conhecimento de diferentes géneros textuais e a possibilidade de integrar o livro nas práticas de leitura. O processo de interpretação destas propostas aparece contudo atravessado por tensões e ambiguidades. Entre os lugares de resistência, verifica-se uma certa dificuldade em desenvolver competências de leitura, de diversificação de textos e de modos de os ler. O estudo pretende constituir um contributo para o alargamento do conhecimento sobre os processos de construção escolar da leitura, de recepção desenvolvidos pelos professores, no âmbito do PNL, apresentando igualmente pistas para a avaliação das possibilidades de desenvolvimento e consecução desta medida política, assim como para a definição de políticas de formação contínua de professores.

Roma na poesia de Marcial: imagens e ecos de um espaço físico e social

A presente tese assenta na forma como Roma, considerada nas suas dimensões física e social, se encontra representada na poesia de Marcial. Estruturalmente, o trabalho encontra-se dividido em três partes: I. Marcial: a vida e a obra; II. Enquadramento Urbano: Roma, espaço físico; III. Enquadramento Urbano: Roma, espaço social. Após um momento introdutório, inicia-se a primeira parte do trabalho, centrada em aspectos de cariz biobibliográfico considerados relevantes para a compreensão da obra do epigramatista. A segunda parte da tese é consagrada à análise da representatividade dos diferentes espaços físicos de Roma, na sua poesia. Na terceira parte, a forma como os diferentes tipos sociais, agentes e profissionais se encontram retratados foi o principal alvo de investigação. Deste modo, pretendeu-se contribuir para uma visão de conjunto de uma realidade que, até ao momento, contou sobretudo com estudos parcelares.