Estudo psicossocial das perdas dentárias na terceira idade

The present study seeks to understand tooth loss by investigating the social representations in the daily life of elderly individuals, thus characterizing itself as a comparative and analytic research. It is known that tooth loss is a common occurrence in elderly individuals, interfering at the psychosocial and biological levels, through its functional, esthetical and social implications. The area of oral health in Brazil is lacking studies on this topic, especially with respect to the psychosocial aspects of the elderly. The Theory of Social Representations and the Central Nucleus Theory were selected for theoretical-methodological support. The Free Association of Words Test was used, whose inducing stimulus were the words tooth loss , in which each subject was asked to associate 3 words, to respond to a questionnaire related to socio-economic conditions and containing an investigation of tooth loss, access to odontological services and the need for dental treatment, and to undergo a focus group interview. The study sample consisted of 120 individuals 60 years of age or over, resident in Natal, RN, Brazil and participants of the Live Together to Live Better group of the Basic Health Unit of Felipe Camarão Residential District and Unati (Open University of the Elderly); an interview was performed with 36 subjects. Data analysis was performed by Evoc 2000, SPSS/99, Graph Pad and Alceste softwares. The results demonstrate that the central nucleus of the social representations of tooth loss for the Live Together group emerged from the difficulty in eating categories, showing a relation between physiologic necessity, desire and pleasure from eating, not to mention the pain that resulted from justifying the tooth loss. Besides the central discourses, the following peripheral elements were gathered: difficulty in adapting to the prosthesis, treatment and difficulty in speaking. All of these categories, except the last, also comprised the class themes of the group interview. For the Unati group the central nucleus emerged from the socio-economic difficulties categories, demonstrating a narrow relation between poverty, access to health and education and esthetics, confirming in the discourse of common sense, the association between tooth loss and aging. At the margin of the central discourses was collected the peripheral element difficulty in adapting to the prosthesis, found both in the Live Together and Unati groups, which expresses the resistance of the subject to this new situation and the failure of the rehabilitation treatment in the sense of reviving the memory of their natural teeth. All of these categories also constitute the class themes of the of the group interview. Thus, through the study of the social representations, we can reveal a reality in the perspective of the social subjects, contemplating the multiple facets of the social-cultural reality experienced by these individuals

Freqüência e etiologia das dermatomicoses em pacientes atendidos no Hospital Giselda Trigueiro, Natal, RN

Dermatomycoses are fungal infections that attack the skin, hair and nails, in addition to the mucosal and cutaneous-mucosal zones. Objective: Observe the frequency of dermatomycoses, identify etiological agents and establish an association between the results and sex. Age, collection site, time and lesion location. Methods: Between February, 2002 and December, 2004, samples were collected from patients at Giselda Trigueiro Hospital in Natal, Brazil, by lesion scraping and hair removal, following 70% alcohol disinfection, and submitted to direct and culture examination. Results: Of the 817 lesions collected, 325 (39.8%) were fungus positive, with the hair collection site yielding the highest number of positive results (65.8%) and the scalp and hair representing the most frequent lesion sites (65.9%). Negative results occurred mainly in the lower limbs (78.6%). Of the species identified, 55.9% were yeasts, 41.6% dermatophytes and 2.5% Fusarium spp. Non-albicans Candida was the most isolated yeast (43.3%), mainly in females (61.7%) over the age of 40 years (56.4%). T. rubrum was the most isolated dermatophyte (67.9%),notably in males (59.2%) in the 0-20 age group (44.7%). With respect to collection site, 73.9% of the dermatophytes were present in the skin and 61.1% of the yeasts in the nails. When assessing the collection site, the inguinocrural regional was 22.6% positive for dermatophytes, and the nails and hands, 41.8% for yeasts. Conclusions: The results obtained verified that: most of the positive lesions were found in the hair, whereas skin and nail lesions yielded more negative results; T. rubrum was the most isolated dermatophyte and non-albicans candida the most commonly found yeast; positivity was greater in males in the 0-20 year age group at the skin site and in the inguinocrural region, while yeasts were more frequent in females in the over-40 age group at the nail sites

Estudo dos fatores associados à infecção chagásica em área endêmica do Rio Grande do Norte

The Chagas disease is a infectious and parasite disease that has as the causative agent a Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite that can be transmitted to humans by the faeces of triatomines ( barbeiros ) in the blood-sucking. To understand the relationship between factors associated with chagasic infection and the risk of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, this work aimed to make a correlation between the results of serology, obtained by different immunological techniques, used for diagnosis of Chagas disease and risk factors to which the population of the city of Apodi-RN is exposed, to be considered a endemic area. The case-control study was conducted with 199 individuals, which initially was applied a questionary about socio-economic questions and some risk factors which they were exposed and also favor the spread of disease. Then was given the diagnosis by immunological techniques of serology by indirect hemagglutination, ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence. From the diagnosis, the subjects were divided into case group (presence of infection) and control group (no infection). Regarding the descriptive characteristics of the sample, were found a higher frequency of female individuals (59.3%), between 36 and 50 years of age (36.7%), with low education level (91%) and income monthly up to 1 minimum wage (67.8%). The serology, performed by three techniques of different principles, had a reactivity of 38.9% by Indirect Hemagglutination, 39.7% by ELISA and 38.7% by Indirect Immunofluorescence. As the result of the serology, 71 of samples showed reactivity in 2 or more techniques. On some risk variables, was found a significant relationship between individuals who had been bitten by the triatomines and had positive serology for Chagas disease (93.3%). Other variables of risk revealed individuals who had positive serology and had domestic animal (80.3%), lived in poorly maintained homes (97.2%) and near the forest (84.5%). A better understanding of the dynamics of transmission of T. cruzi and the risk factors that contribute to its occurrence in a region are needed to develop effective strategies for control of Chagas disease in these áreas

Estudo de polimorfismos em genes relacionados ao metabolismo do ácido fólico e sua associação com o desenvolvimento de fendas orais não-sindrômicas

The congenital facial clefts are characterized by incomplete formation of the structures that separate the oral and nasal cavity. It is known that several environmental and genetic factors are involved in its development, among these, polymorphisms associated with folic acid metabolism have been investigated. In this sense, the objective was to observe the frequency of polymorphisms C677T and A1298C methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR), methionine synthase A2756G of (MTR), A66G of methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A80G and the reduced folate carrier (RFC1) in patients with non-syndromic oral clefts, trying to match them with their development. Methods: We studied 140 patients with non-syndromic oral clefts and their mothers and 175 control subjects with their mothers, who underwent a questionnaire to obtain family information. Were collecting blood for DNA extraction from patients and their mothers to identify the genotypes of both by PCRRFLP, in addition to carrying out the determination of glucose, AST, ALT and serum creatinine, folic acid and vitamin B12 Serum and plasma homocysteine, and the hemogram. Results: Most patients have cleft lip and palate (55.8%), followed by isolated cleft palate (24.2%) and cleft lip (20%). Regarding gender, 62% of patients were male and 48% female and, after subdivision of the type of screwdriver according to sex was found a prevalence of males in the cracks of the type lip and palate (69 %) and lip (69.2%) and in the case of cleft palate was a female predominance (59%). The average concentration of serum folate in the group of mothers of cleft patients was significantly lower (13.8 ± 2.4 ng / mL) compared with the group of mothers of control subjects (18.8 ± 3.4 ng / mL) This was also observed for the group of cleft children as compared to controls, the dosage of folic acid had a significant difference with values of 15.6 ± 0.6 (ng / mL) and 17.9 ± 0.6 (ng / mL), respectively. For the biochemical measurements of glucose, AST, ALT and creatinine were not statistically different, nor was observed for haematological parameters performed. In assessing the frequency of polymorphisms C677T and A1298C MTHFR, A2756G MTR, MTRR A66G and A80G of the RFC1 there was no statistically significant difference in genotype distribution between cases and controls both for mothers and in the cleft. Conclusion: Although not observed association of polymorphisms with the development of cracks, the decrease in serum folate in the group of cleft patients and their mothers may reflect a disturbance in the metabolism of this metabolite, necessitating further studies such as studies methylation and expression to further elucidate the involvement of folate in the development of oral clefts

Desvendando o padrão alimentar de famílias rurais: o que tem no prato?

That work looked for to point out the different conceptions on the family agriculture and the established self-consumption practices inside the unit of production. Hypothesis: due to the conditions, more and more restricted of producing for the self-consumption, the rural families are more favorable present her situation of alimentary insecurity as severe as for the urban families, unlike what he/she defends. The research was accomplished in three states of the Northeast: Paraíba; Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe. The results revealed that among the main factors that expose those families to situations of constant alimentary vulnerability are had: the low quality of the alimentary consumption in what concerns the readiness, to the diversification and mainly, to the accessibility. The analyses can be to subsidize a reflection concerning the alimentary pattern of families rural front to the precepts of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) politics

Preferência alimentar de Dione juno juno (Cramer) por genótipos de maracujazeiro e avaliação do uso de extratos aquosos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeitos da restrição alimentar protéica ou energética sobre o crescimento de frangos de corte criados em diferentes temperaturas ambiente

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A weight loss protocol and owners participation in the treatment of canine obesity

O sucesso de um programa de perda de peso para animais de estimação depende da colaboração do proprietário. A adesão deste é fundamental para a correta instituição do manejo alimentar do paciente. Este trabalho teve por objetivo comparar a efetividade de um programa de perda de peso em dois grupos de cães, um mantido sob condições experimentais e outro com seus proprietários. Empregou-se a mesma ração hipocalórica para todos os animais. A quantidade fornecida foi restrita a 60% da necessidade energética de manutenção estimada para o peso corporal meta, definido como o peso autal reduzido em 15%. Os animais foram acompanhados durante 90 dias. Por meio de um questionário padronizado, estudou-se a percepção dos proprietários quanto à obesidade e seu tratamento. Verificou-se que o protocolo e a dieta empregados foram eficazes. Os animais controle apresentaram uma perda de peso média de 1,39% por semana. Os cães de proprietário perderam, em média, 0,75% do peso vivo por semana, resultado estatisticamente menor (P<0,05), o que sugere uma indisponibilidade dos mesmos em cumprir rigorosamente o tratamento. Mesmo com esta perda de peso modesta, foi perceptível a satisfação dos proprietários com os resultados obtidos. O uso de questionários demonstrou ser uma ferramenta importante na investigação das causas e no acompanhamento do tratamento da obesidade canina.

Caracterização do nicho alimentar do polvo octopus insularis (cephalopoda: octopodidae): da população ao indivíduo

Octopus insularis, target species in this study, is the dominant benthic octopus of the North and Northeast Brazil. Studies on behavior and ecology of the species have been conducted primarily on oceanic islands, with little information on the continental populations. In this study, two regions of the coast of RN, Rio do Fogo and Pirangi, were chosen for the characterization of the niche by O. insularis populations. The dietary niche, habitat and distribution of O. insularis of oceanic islands and the mainland, were compared. In addition, individual characteristics of feeding behavior in a population at Atol das Rocas was studied, taking into account the size of individuals, the proximity of the dens and characteristics of their "personality". The diet of the Rio do Fogo population was composed mainly of bivalve molluscs (82%), unlike Pirangi population that has a diet consisting mainly of crustaceans Decapoda (68%), similar to that described for the populations of the islands. Consequently, the feeding niches of the island populations were more similar, with greater overlap, but the niche breadth of the continent was larger. The habitats of occurrence on the coast includes reefs, rocks, gravel and an environment called Restinga, a plateau composed of biogenic gravel, sand, sponges and algae, showed a high density of animals. Similarly to that found in the islands, O. insularis in the continent, had a clumped distribution, and a bathymetric segregation between small and large individuals. The differences in diet composition among populations were explained by differences in habitat and coverage of the substrate, which may be directly influencing the diversity and prey availability in these environments. The individual analyzes of the population at Atol das Rocas, showed no relationship between the degree of individual specialization and the different personalities, or the distance between dens. The results suggest that the foraging strategy with greater availability of prey in the environment has an influence on diet octopuses over preferences or personalities

Ingestão alimentar e nutricional de callithrix jacchus: relaçao com hierarquia social e disponibilidade de alimento

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Avaliação do crescimento e do custo da alimentação do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887) submetido a ciclos alternados de restrição alimentar e realimentação

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da utilização de ciclos alternados de restrição alimentar e realimentação no crescimento do pacu, durante o período de engorda, e a viabilidade desta prática na produção comercial da espécie. Juvenis foram distribuídos em três tanques e submetidos a diferentes manejos alimentares, constituindo os tratamentos: A (alimentado ad libitum), B (restrição alimentar de 4 semanas, realimentado por 9 semanas) e C (6 semanas de restrição alimentar, realimentado por 7 semanas), em um total de 13 semanas por ciclo (4 ciclos experimentais). No final de cada ciclo alimentar, 20 peixes de cada tratamento foram amostrados e os dados biométricos registrados. Os valores obtidos para peso, comprimento total e fator de condição (K) foram submetidos a ANOVA e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento C é o mais indicado somente para outono/inverno, promovendo maior crescimento, menor custo com ração, baixa conversão alimentar e maior receita líquida parcial. Entretanto, durante as estações mais quentes do ano (primavera/verão) outros programas de alimentação devem ser testados, utilizando-se períodos mais curtos de restrição alimentar. Quando se tratou da produção anual, o tratamento A respondeu melhor em termos de biomassa produzida, apesar do maior gasto com alimentação, visto que, com o aumento da temperatura, o crescimento dos peixes dos demais tratamentos ficou prejudicado.

Freqüência da fertirrigação da bananeira prata-anã com nitrogênio e potássio aplicados por microaspersão

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Preferência alimentar de adultos de Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) por genótipos de batata (Solanum spp.)

Avaliou-se a preferência alimentar de adultos de Diabrotica speciosa (Germar), pelos genótipos de batata Achat, Baronesa, Monalisa, N 140-201 e NYL 235-4. Foram realizados ensaios com e sem chance de escolha, em laboratórios e em casa de vegetação, na FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP. em dois testes utilizaram-se discos de folíolos provenientes de plantios em vaso (plantas com 40 dias); em outros seis semelhantes (exceção ao genótipo N 140-201) foram utilizados discos de folíolos provenientes de plantio de campo (plantas com 30, 50 e 70 dias). Nas placas de Petri (repetições) foram liberados dois adultos/disco. Dois outros ensaios foram efetuados em gaiolas (sem chance de escolha), no interior de casa de vegetação, com plantas com 15 e 45 dias de idade, liberando-se três e 10 adultos/planta respectivamente, avaliando-se o consumo de área foliar quatro e cinco dias após. Nos testes em laboratório com material de vaso, o genótipo NYL 235-4 (com e sem chance) foi o menos consumido (1,08 a 1,12 mg de peso seco). Com material de campo (com e sem chance), o peso de matéria fresca consumida pela praga foi menor em NYL 235-4 (médias de 26,2 e 66,1 mg) e Baronesa (30,2 e 57,9 mg). Nos ensaios em gaiolas (sem chance) também verificou-se menor consumo em NYL 235-4 (3,35 cm² e 16,70 cm²/planta). Esses resultados revelam que o genótipo NYL 235-4 apresenta resistência do tipo não-preferência para alimentação em relação a D. speciosa.

Preferência alimentar do bicudo-do-algodoeiro por frutos de diferentes cultivares e idades

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a preferência alimentar de adultos do bicudo-do-algodoeiro, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, 1843 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), por duas cultivares de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.) com frutos de diferentes idades. Foram realizados quatro experimentos em laboratório, avaliando-se o número de orifícios de alimentação. Maçãs de 2, 8 e 12 dias de idade, das cultivares IAC-20 e Reba P288, foram oferecidas aos insetos, confinados em recipientes, com opção de escolha quanto à idade e cultivar (primeiro experimento), sem opção de escolha quanto à idade e cultivar (segundo experimento), sem opção de escolha quanto à cultivar e com opção quanto a idade (terceiro experimento) e sem opção quanto à idade e com opção de escolha quanto à cultivar (quarto experimento). Observou-se preferência por maçãs da cultivar IAC-20 com dois dias de idade, com uma redução de danos de 23,53% e 78,43%, respectivamente, aos oito e aos doze dias de idade.

Preferência alimentar de Diabrotica speciosa (Germ.) e Cerotoma sp. por genótipos de soja

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)