Décrire et convaincre: rhétoriques visuelles de la cinématographie en médecine [Describe and convince: visual rhetoric of cinematography in medicine]

The tools of visualisation occupy a central place in medicine. Far from being simple accessories of glance, they literally constitute objects of medicine. Such empirical acknowledgement and epistemological position open a vast field of investigation: visual technologies of medical knowledge. This article studies the development and transformation of medical objects which have permitted to assess the role of temporality in the epistemology of medicine. It firstly examines the general problem of the relationships between cinema, animated image and medicine and secondly, the contribution of the German doctor Martin Weiser to medical cinematography as a method. Finally, a typology is sketched out organising the variety of the visual technology of movement under the perspective of the development of specific visual techniques in medicine.

Intraocular Straylight And Contrast Sensitivity Two Months After Lasik: Intraocular Straylight Measurement As A New Parameter In Visual Quality Assessment

PROPÒSIT: Estudiar l'efecte de la cirurgia LASIK en la llum dispersa i la sensibilitat al contrast. MÈTODES: Vint-i-vuit pacients van ser tractats amb LASIK. La qualitat visual es va avaluar abans de l'operació i dos mesos després. RESULTATS: La mitjana de llum dispersa i la sensibilitat al contrast abans de l'operació no va canviar en dos mesos després. Només un ull tenia un marcat augment en la llum dispersa. Nou ulls van presentar una lleugera disminució en la sensibilitat al contrast. S'han trobat dues complicacions. CONCLUSIÓ: Després de LASIK la majoria dels pacients (80%) no van tenir complicacions i van mantenir la seva qualitat visual. Uns pocs pacients (16%) van tenir una mica de qualitat visual disminuïda. Molt pocs (4%) van tenir complicacions clíniques amb disminució en la qualitat visual.

CoDaPack. An Excel and Visual Basic based software of compositional data analysis. Current version and discussion form upcoming versions

In the eighties, John Aitchison (1986) developed a new methodological approach for the statistical analysis of compositional data. This new methodology was implemented in Basic routines grouped under the name CODA and later NEWCODA inMatlab (Aitchison, 1997). After that, several other authors have published extensions to this methodology: Marín-Fernández and others (2000), Barceló-Vidal and others (2001), Pawlowsky-Glahn and Egozcue (2001, 2002) and Egozcue and others (2003). (...)

Net increase of lactate and glutamate concentration in activated human visual cortex detected with magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 tesla.

After the landmark studies reporting changes in the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlc ) in excess of those in oxygen (CMRO2 ) during physiological stimulation, several studies have examined the fate of the extra carbon taken up by the brain, reporting a wide range of changes in brain lactate from 20% to 250%. The present study reports functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements at 7 Tesla using the enhanced sensitivity to study a small cohort (n = 6). Small increases in lactate (19% ± 4%, P < 0.05) and glutamate (4% ± 1%, P < 0.001) were seen within the first 2 min of activation. With the exception of glucose (12% ± 5%, P < 0.001), no other metabolite concentration changes beyond experimental error were significantly observed. Therefore, the present study confirms that lactate and glutamate changes during physiological stimulation are small (i.e. below 20%) and shows that the increased sensitivity allows reproduction of previous results with fewer subjects. In addition, the initial rate of glutamate and lactate concentration increases implies an increase in CMRO2 that is slightly below that of CMRGlc during the first 1-2 min of activation.

Reconhecimento e construção da competência da pessoa com deficiência na organização em debate

Neste artigo, pretende-se analisar experiências de desenvolvimento de competências e reconhecimento profissional da pessoa com deficiência já inserida no contexto organizacional, considerando os principais atores envolvidos nesse processo. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo, realizado em uma multinacional farmacêutica, sediada no estado de São Paulo, em que se teve por objetivo descrever e discutir as práticas formais de desenvolvimento profissional da pessoa com deficiência (PcD) adotadas por essa organização, bem como as experiências informais pelas quais passaram esses indivíduos na empresa em questão. Além disso, buscou-se analisar a articulação entre atores externos que estavam imbricados no processo de inclusão, a saber: o sindicato das indústrias farmacêuticas e uma organização não governamental (ONG) especializada em PcDs. Os resultados problematizam a iniciativa de promover um processo de construção e desenvolvimento de competências por meio de experiências formais e informais, e mesmo de autodesenvolvimento, específicas para a PcD. Nesse sentido, a experiência em estudo revelou que nessa iniciativa prevaleceram as premissas acerca das limitações decorrentes das características biológicas dos indivíduos, já que as práticas de desenvolvimento nem sempre trabalharam sobre o potencial desses profissionais, que pouco avançaram, considerando-se as possibilidades que a organização oferece. Outro resultado relevante é que, embora a articulação entre empresa e agentes externos ocorra, não há um diálogo nem uma parceria efetiva que permita fazer avançar o processo de inclusão e de desenvolvimento desse grupo de profissionais. Ao final, procurou-se apresentar ainda elementos que permitam a reflexão sobre a condução de programas organizacionais voltados à PcD e suas implicações, que podem estar a serviço tanto da promoção como da manutenção do status quo da PcD na corporação.

Visual management of sags and incidents gathered in distribution substations for power quality management

Monitor a distribution network implies working with a huge amount of data coining from the different elements that interact in the network. This paper presents a visualization tool that simplifies the task of searching the database for useful information applicable to fault management or preventive maintenance of the network

Visual loss after orthopedic procedures.

Perioperative visual loss (PVL) is a very rare and unpredictable complication of surgery performed at distance from the visual pathways, mostly after spine or cardiac procedures. We report 6 consecutive patients with PVL after routine orthopedic procedures (osteosynthesis for complex fracture of the femur [2], total hip arthroplasty [2], hip prosthesis arthroplasty [1], bilateral simultaneous total knee arthroplasty [1]) and reviewed the literature on the subject. An ischemic optic neuropathy was diagnosed in all cases, and visual loss was bilateral in 5 of 6 patients. Partial visual improvement occurred in only 3 of 11 eyes. No specific therapy is available for PVL. Postoperative visual disturbances should prompt without delay an ophthalmic evaluation because emergent correction of anemia, systemic hypotension, or hypovolemia might improve visual prognosis of PVL.

Analysis of significant factors influencing visual acuity in ocular syphilis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to determine whether statistical associations can be demonstrated in ocular syphilis between baseline clinical and laboratory parameters with visual acuity at presentation and with any change in visual acuity after treatment. METHODS: Charts of 26 patients (42 eyes) with ocular syphilis presenting to the Uveitis clinic of the Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital were reviewed. A baseline cross-sectional analysis was performed in order to identify any association between visual acuity at presentation and demographic, clinical or laboratory parameters. After treatment, any analogy between these parameters and a change in visual acuity was subsequently assessed in a series of univariate comparisons. RESULTS: The following factors were associated with worse initial visual acuity: severity of visual field impairment at presentation (p=0.012), macular oedema (p=0.004) and optic neuropathy (p=0.031). There was a borderline association with the presence of vasculitis on fluroangiography (p=0.072). Improvement in best corrected visual acuity after treatment was significantly associated with the presence of vasculitis on fluroangiography (p=0.005), neurosyphilis, according to lumbar puncture findings (p=0.037) and marginally with anterior uveitis (p=0.070). Inflammation relapse was associated with the coexistence of pain as presenting sign (p<0.001) and with a longer duration of symptoms prior to the initial visit (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Severe ocular inflammation associated with vasculitis, vitritis or anterior uveitis in ocular syphilis would appear to be a reversible phenomenon that responds well to appropriate antibiotic treatment, resulting in improvement in visual acuity. Prompt treatment enables a good visual prognosis, while any delay in therapy increases the risk of subsequent relapse.

Time processing in visual cortices: How the visual brain encodes and keeps track of time

Time is embedded in any sensory experience: the movements of a dance, the rhythm of a piece of music, the words of a speaker are all examples of temporally structured sensory events. In humans, if and how visual cortices perform temporal processing remains unclear. Here we show that both primary visual cortex (V1) and extrastriate area V5/MT are causally involved in encoding and keeping time in memory and that this involvement is independent from low-level visual processing. Most importantly we demonstrate that V1 and V5/MT are functionally linked and temporally synchronized during time encoding whereas they are functionally independent and operate serially (V1 followed by V5/MT) while maintaining temporal information in working memory. These data challenge the traditional view of V1 and V5/MT as visuo-spatial features detectors and highlight the functional contribution and the temporal dynamics of these brain regions in the processing of time in millisecond range. The present project resulted in the paper entitled: 'How the visual brain encodes and keeps track of time' by Paolo Salvioni, Lysiann Kalmbach, Micah Murray and Domenica Bueti that is now submitted for publication to the Journal of Neuroscience.

Interchange of callosal and association projections in the developing visual cortex.

Neurons projecting transitorily into the corpus callosum from area 17 of the cat were retrogradely labeled by the fluorescent tracer Fast Blue (FB) injected into contralateral areas 17 and 18 on postnatal days 1-5. During the second postnatal month these neurons were still labeled by the early injection, although they had eliminated their callosal axon. At this time, 15-20% of these neurons could be retrogradely relabeled by injections of Diamidino Yellow (DY) into ipsilateral areas 17 and 18, but few or none by similar injections in the other areas that receive from area 17 (19, 21a, PMLS, 20a, 20b, DLS). Similarly, area 17 neurons projecting transitorily to contralateral area PMLS during the first postnatal week could be relabeled by DY injections in ipsilateral areas 17 and 18 but not in PMLS. Already around birth, many transitorily callosal neurons in area 17 send bifurcating axons both to contralateral areas 17 and 18 and ipsilateral area 18. It is probable that during postnatal development some of these neurons selectively eliminate their callosal axon collaterals and maintain the projection to ipsilateral area 18. In fact, some transitorily callosal neurons in area 17 can be double-labeled by simultaneous perinatal injections of FB in contralateral areas 17 and 18 and of a new long-lasting retrograde tracer, rhodamine-conjugated latex microspheres, in ipsilateral area 18. The same neurons can then be relabeled by reinjecting ipsilateral area 18 with DY during the second postnatal month. This finding, however, does not exclude the possibility that some transitorily callosal neurons send an axon to ipsilateral area 18 after eliminating their callosal axon. In conclusion, area 17 neurons that project transitorily through the corpus callosum later participate, probably permanently, in ipsilateral corticocortical projections but selectively to areas 17-18. The mechanism responsible for this selectivity is unknown, but it may be related to the differential radial distribution (i.e., to birth date) of area 17 neurons engaged in the various corticocortical projections. The problems raised by the use of long-lasting retrograde fluorescent tracers in neurodevelopmental studies and by the quantification of results of double- and triple-labeling paradigms are also discussed.

Incluindo pessoas com deficiência na empresa: estudo de caso de uma multinacional brasileira

Os estudos acerca do trabalho da pessoa com deficiência são ainda escassos (TEODÓSIO et al., 2004; TANAKA e MANZINI, 2005) e recentes (CARVALHO-FREITAS e MARQUES, 2010a), restringindo-se, em geral, a práticas de recrutamento e seleção (SCHWARZ e HABER, 2009). Por outro lado, a relevância de promover uma efetiva gestão da inclusão tem respaldo legal na Lei de Cotas, além de um componente estratégico, diante do contexto da gestão da diversidade. Neste artigo, tem-se como objetivo analisar o programa de inclusão de pessoas com deficiência de uma empresa multinacional brasileira da indústria automobilística, contribuindo para a ampliação do conhecimento em relação ao tema. Para tanto, construiu-se, como referencial de análise, um modelo que consiste em oito práticas apontadas como relevantes pela literatura. A partir de entrevistas com os gestores de Recursos Humanos da empresa e de chefes imediatos dos profissionais com deficiência, verificou-se que a empresa realiza parcialmente as práticas descritas no modelo, tendo como restrição à ampliação dele, sobretudo, a forte pressão por redução de custos da indústria.

Comparison of early cortical networks in efficient and inefficient visual search: an event-related potential study.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have indicated that efficient feature search (FS) and inefficient conjunction search (CS) activate partially distinct frontoparietal cortical networks. However, it remains a matter of debate whether the differences in these networks reflect differences in the early processing during FS and CS. In addition, the relationship between the differences in the networks and spatial shifts of attention also remains unknown. We examined these issues by applying a spatio-temporal analysis method to high-resolution visual event-related potentials (ERPs) and investigated how spatio-temporal activation patterns differ for FS and CS tasks. Within the first 450 msec after stimulus onset, scalp potential distributions (ERP maps) revealed 7 different electric field configurations for each search task. Configuration changes occurred simultaneously in the two tasks, suggesting that contributing processes were not significantly delayed in one task compared to the other. Despite this high spatial and temporal correlation, two ERP maps (120-190 and 250-300 msec) differed between the FS and CS. Lateralized distributions were observed only in the ERP map at 250-300 msec for the FS. This distribution corresponds to that previously described as the N2pc component (a negativity in the time range of the N2 complex over posterior electrodes of the hemisphere contralateral to the target hemifield), which has been associated with the focusing of attention onto potential target items in the search display. Thus, our results indicate that the cortical networks involved in feature and conjunction searching partially differ as early as 120 msec after stimulus onset and that the differences between the networks employed during the early stages of FS and CS are not necessarily caused by spatial attention shifts.

Identificação de alguns problemas psicossociais em portadores de hanseníase utilizando para a análise os recursos da informática

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar nos pacientes com hanseníase alguns problemas psicossociais, como preocupações e mudanças ocorridas em relação à família, aos amigos, ao emprego e a si próprio, após terem sido informados do diagnóstico da doença. Na metodologia foram utilizados alguns recursos da informática, como o programa KARDS , gerenciador da base de dados, e o software JARGÃO, que possibilitou a tarefa de analisar em linguagem natural os depoimentos dos pacientes, obtidos por meio de entrevista composta por duas perguntas abertas. Os resultados encontrados evidenciaram que após o diagnóstico da doença a maioria dos pacientes estudados apresentava preocupações e manifestava algum tipo de mudança em relação à família, aos amigos, ao emprego e a si próprios. As preocupações estavam relacionadas principalmente à possibilidade de transmitir a doença, especialmente para os familiares, e à incerteza da cura. As mudanças diziam respeito especialmente ao aparecimento de sintomas que, segundo os pacientes, poderiam provocar reações discriminatórias por parte de outras pessoas. Esses fatos levavam os pacientes a não contar aos amigos sobre sua doença.

Evaluation of free libraries for visual recognition of art imagery on mobile devices

This paper describes a systematic research about free software solutions and techniques for art imagery computer recognition problem.

A assistência de enfermagem aos portadores de HIV/Aids no vislumbrar da sua epidemia em Ribeirão Preto: relato de experiÊncia de uma equipe de enfermagem

Trata-se de um relato de experiência vivenciada por uma equipe de enfermagem de uma Unidade de Internação, de um hospi tal geral do interior paulista, ao planejar e prestar assistência de enfermagem ao portador do HIV/Aids, no início da epidemia, em 1985.