Nose-to-nose transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium between weaned pigs

Little attention has been paid to the possibility of transmission of Salmonella in intensive pig production systems through alternate methods, such as airborne or direct nose-to-nose contact. This experimental study tested the hypothesis of nose-to-nose transmission of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium (Trial I) and Agona (Trial II) in weaned pigs using stainless steel/ glass isolation cabinets. In each trial, cabinet 1 (control pigs) and cabinet 2 (sentinel pigs) were connected directly to the fan unit. Cabinet 3 (seeded pigs) was not directly linked to the fan, but was arranged to receive a constant unidirectional airflow from cabinet 2 (sentinel pigs) through a 10 cm diameter hole, which also allowed nose-to-nose contact between pigs housed in these two cabinets. Air was taken out of the system through ducts connecting cabinets 1 and 3 to the exhauster. Therefore, direct contact among seeded and sentinel pigs was allowed but possible aerial transference of contaminated particles between those cabinets was prevented. The system was opened 21 days post-inoculation and tissue samples were collected for bacteriological analysis. The recovery of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium from sentinel pigs corroborates the hypothesis of nose-to-nose transmission of that pathogen in pigs. However, serovar-related differences might exist regarding the nose-to-nose transmissibility of Salmonella in pigs, since Salmonella Agona was not detected in sentinel pigs (Trial II). Published by Elsevier B.V.

Para uma andragogia do esporte:discutindo as diretrizes e a formação profissional para a Educação Física de Jovens e Adultos

For the development of this research the following general objective has been formulated, indicator of the process of inquiry: To discuss the relation between the attitudinal and the sportive contents presented in the proposal of Curricular Lines for the Physical Education of Young and Adults in Brazil. According to the corporeity and the ludicity, questioning the formation of the professional of Physical Education and delineating the perspective for a sport andragogy that values the Being and the Life. From this general objective, the following objectives, which had given greater specificity to the investigative process, were defined: 1. To create the theoretical context from the corporeity/ludicity axis, articulating transversally sportive knowledge, aiming to contribute for a sport Andragogy; 2. To analyze the objectives proposed for the Physical Education of Young and Adults according to an elaborated theoretical reference and to the testimonies of the egresses of 2005 of the Physical Education course of the UFRN. 3. To interpret the relation between attitudinal and educative content from the academic reality lived by the egresses of the Physical Education course of the UFRN. 4. To understand the most urgent necessities of sustained formation of the egresses of 2005 for satisfactory performance with the Physical Education of Young and Adults. 5. To propose perspectives for the construction of a sport Andragogy from the corporeity/ludicity axis. In attendance to the nature of this research and as form of guiding ourselves in this epistemological adventure, the following ones had been basically and theoretically estimated. 1. Corporeity is a radiant focus, prime and main of educational criteria; 2. The task of the education must be carried through with men and not for men; 3. Man must only play with the beauty and with the beauty he only must play. ; 4. The sportive education must be based on esthetic and fair play. The adopted research approach is of a qualitative nature, using the interview procedure with a group consisting of twelve egresses of the Physical Education Course of the UFRN of the year of 2005.2 After the discussion of the results on the attitudinal objectives and content for the Physical Education for Adults and Young, the study shows nine themes presented by the investigated group as priorities for their sustained formation, aiming at the performance of the professional of Physical Education with the EJA: inclusive experiences; leisure and quality of life; relationships; body and personal care; social values; self esteem; sportive phenomenon; EJA training; attitudinal contents. As a contribution to the construction of knowledge for a Andragogy of Sports, the study presents a metaphorical structure called Galaxy of Knowledge righteous Glamor of integrating nine elements inspired by the Ode to the Sport of Pierre de Coubertin: life, beauty, justice, daring, honesty, joy; Fertility; progress; peace. At the heart of the structure of knowledge is righteous install a system that articulates five principles ludopoiético epistemological function of connecting with the righteous knowledge of the sport that must integrate the content attitudinal proposed for Fitness for Youth and Adults in order to facilitate the realization of their objectives proposed for this method of teaching

Geometrizando no segundo ciclo :relato de uma intervenção pedagógica voltada à construção de conceitos geométricos no ensino fundamental

This work has proposed to relate the experience product of a pedagogical intervention, performed in a public institution of teaching situated in this capital. It had as objective to validade the applying of a teaching module of geometry, more specifically about the conceptions of perimeter and área in the second cycle of fundamental teaching. This dissertation has presented the problematic which involves the teaching of geometry in different contexts. It has adopted the broach of the radical constructivism while methodological theoretical referencial through which it has tried to explain the phenomena that involves the teaching and the apprenticeship. It appropriates Jean s Piaget contributions related to the development stages, while referencial that will dialogue in the search by sense and comprehension of the geometric apprenticeship process and it runs over Richard s Skemp (1980) theory in order to explicit the student s apprenticeship according to the levels of instrumental comprehesion and relacional comprehension . The research has presented datum related to initial diagnosis evaluantion, the pedagogical intervention and analysis of the activities and students perfomance displaying still the results of the final evaluation. According to the results got, we could check the students group growth front to the acquisition of the concepts of perimeter and área in comparison with the previous knowledges presented in the initial diagnosis evoluation of the students participants of the research. We have concluded evaluating the objectives of the research, connecting the strategies and reasoning employed by the students in order to resolve the questions and then to reach the objectives proposed by the teaching module. We have presented still the main obstacles to the apprenticeship of such concepts