Yellow fever: reemerging in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2009

OBJECTIVE: To describe the investigation of a sylvatic yellow fever outbreak in the state of Sao Paulo and the main control measures undertaken.METHODS: This is a descriptive study of a sylvatic yellow fever outbreak in the Southwestern region of the state from February to April 2009. Suspected and confirmed cases in humans and in non-human primates were evaluated. Entomological investigation in sylvatic environment involved capture at ground level and in the tree canopy to identify species and detect natural infections. Control measures were performed in urban areas to control Aedes aegypti. Vaccination was directed at residents living in areas with confirmed viral circulation and also at nearby cities according to national recommendation.RESULTS: Twenty-eight human cases were confirmed (39.3% case fatality rate) in rural areas of Sarutaia, Piraju, Tejupa, Avare, and Buri. The deaths of 56 non-human primates were also reported, 91.4% were Allouatta sp. Epizootics was confirmed in two non-human primates in the cities of Itapetininga and Buri. A total of 1,782 mosquitoes were collected, including Haemagogus leucocelaenus, Hg. janthinomys/capricornii, and Sabethes chloropterus, Sa. purpureus and Sa. undosus. Yellow fever virus was isolated from a group of Hg. Leucocelaenus from Buri. Vaccination was carried out in 49 cities, with a total of 1,018,705 doses. Nine serious post-vaccination adverse events were reported.CONCLUSIONS: The cases occurred between February and April 2009 in areas with no recorded yellow fever virus circulation in over 60 years. The outbreak region occurred outside the original recommended vaccination area with a high percentage of susceptible population. The fast adoption of control measures interrupted the human transmission within a month and the confirmation of viral circulation in humans, monkeys and mosquitoes. The results allowed the identification of new areas of viral circulation but further studies are required to clarify the dynamics of the spread of this disease.

Systemic immunotoxicity reactions induced by adjuvanted vaccines

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Use of live oocyst vaccine in the control of turkey coccidiosis: Effect on performance and intestinal morphology

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different coccidiosis-preventing programs on performance and intestinal morphology of commercial turkeys. Three hundred fifteen1-d-old female commercial cross turkey poults (British United Turkeys, BUT Big 9) were distributed into 3 treatments with 5 replicates of 21 birds each. Three programs were evaluated from 1 to 70 d of age, where program 1 had no anticoccidial drug and no vaccination against coccidiosis; program 2 had an anticoccidial drug (maduramycin 1%, 5 ppm); and program 3 had a vaccination (commercial vaccine, 4 species of Eimeria). All the groups were challenged with a dose of oocysts sporulated (20,000/bird) of 2 species of Eimeria at 21 d of age. In the growing phase (d 0-28), BW, BW gain, and FCR were significantly greater in treated groups compared with control group. In the fattening phase, the performance was not affected by treatments. Treatments and coccidiosis challenge had no significant effects on intestinal villus height. These observations support other reports that confirm live oocyst vaccination can be used effectively as a preventive against avian coccidiosis in commercially reared turkeys.

Interference of Vaccinal Antibodies on Serological Diagnostic of Leptospirosis in Vaccinated Buffalo using Two Types of Commercial Vaccines

The vaccinal antibodies interference represents one of the problems in the leptospirosis diagnostic on serum. The present study aimed to determine the pattern of serum agglutinins anti-Leptospirae spp in vaccinated female buffaloes against leptospirosis using two types of commercial vaccines: bacterin and extern membrane. The temporal interference of vaccinal titers on serum diagnostic was evaluated. Three groups of 11 adult female buffaloes were established as follows: G1 control, non-vaccinated; G2: vaccinated with bacterin containing six serovars and G3 with extern membrane vaccine containing five serovars. A booster was administered at 30 days from the first vaccination (dfv) and two re- vaccinations were performed in each semester (days 210 and 390). Serum samples were collected on days 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 and every 30 days until 540 dfv, being submitted to Serum Agglutination Microscopy (SAM) against the serovars present in the vaccine. G1 remained always negative. Both vaccines induced serologic responses when assessed by SAM at 150 days post first vaccination against all serovars and they revealed maximum titers around days 45 and 60 after first vaccination. At the re-vaccination there was an increase on agglutinin levels, but of less intensity than the levels previously observed. After six months from the second revaccination (540 dfv), they were almost zero, which demonstrates the short duration of diagnostic interference. The serologic monitoring of the vaccinated herds can be an efficient method to evaluate the status of protection provided by the vaccine.

BCG and BCG/DNAhsp65 Vaccinations Promote Protective Effects without Deleterious Consequences for Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Humoral immune response in dogs and cats vaccinated against rabies in southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Eficácia de duas formulações de vacinas autógenas para o controle da lactococose em surubins híbridos Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Kinetics of rabies antibodies as a strategy for canine active immunization

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The haematological profile of female bronze turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) vaccinated with various commercial strains of Newcastle disease

The effects of vaccination on avian blood parameters are poorly understood. The present study was designed to evaluate whether different strains (Ulster 2C, B1, live LaSota and inactivated LaSota) of Newcastle disease vaccines had an effect on the haematological profile of female turkeys. Seventy-five female turkeys were allocated to treatment groups according to vaccination strain. All the birds, except those in the control group, were vaccinated at 32 weeks of age and revaccinated at 40 and 48 weeks of age. Blood samples were obtained for haematological analyses and serum samples for the haemagglutination inhibition test. Haemoglobin concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in vaccinated female turkeys than in the control birds 28 days after vaccination. Monocytes were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 44-week-old female turkeys vaccinated with inactivated LaSota strain compared with the other groups. Turkeys vaccinated with the B1 strain showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total white blood cell counts compared with the other groups vaccinated with various commercial strains of the Newcastle disease virus. In conclusion, female turkeys showed significant differences in haemoglobin concentrations, monocytes and white blood cell counts when vaccinated against Newcastle disease.

Programa de erradicação da febre aftosa no estado de São Paulo: avaliação dos dados oficiais obtidos no período de 1997 a 2012

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Controle da população de morcegos hematófagos na região de Andradina, São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma vacina inativada contra estirpe variante brasileira do vírus da bronquite infecciosa aviária

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Efeito protetor in vivo de vacinas de células dendríticas sensibilizadas com RNA de células MC-38 pré-tratadas com agentes antineoplásticos em concentrações efetivas minímas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da gentamicina aplicada em ovos de aves reprodutoras pesadas e seu efeito residual nos tecidos

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Indications for the HPV vaccine in adolescents: A review of the literature

Background: The vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) was created to abrogate the risk that the virus presents for the development of cervical cancers. The prevalence of HPV infection among healthy individuals is significant (20%). We performed a review of the literature published in the period from 2008 to 2012 regarding the use of the vaccine against HPV specifically in adolescents. Methods: The articles were selected from a search of the PubMed database with the key words "vaccine", "HPV" and "adolescent". This search identified 576 articles; based on readings of the titles and abstracts, the list of included article was reduced to 42. Results: We observed that the majority of authors are in favor of the vaccine for adolescents particularly females. Conclusion: Recommending the use of the HPV vaccine and other vaccines represents an attempt to broaden the reach of these vaccines among both sexes of the adolescent population. Vaccination is a strategy for the prevention of pre-cancerous Lesions in the genital and oropharyngeal regions. (C) 2014 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.