微重力下热薄材料燃烧特性的窄通道实验研究

利用高度分别为10 mm, 12 mm和14 mm的水平窄通道对微重力环境下热薄材料表面的火焰传播、材料的可燃极限进行了地面实验模拟研究. 在环境氧气浓度为18%和21%, 气流速度为0-50 cm/s条件下, 窄通道模拟实验结果与已有微重力实验结果的对比分析表明:气流速度小于15-20 cm/s时, 高度为12 mm和14 mm的窄通道能较好模拟微重力条件下材料表面的火焰传播, 气流速度大于15-20cm/s时, 高度为10 mm的通道能较好模拟;高度为12 mm和14 mm的窄通道能够模拟热薄材料的可燃极限曲线, 而高度为10 mm的通道模拟的可燃极限曲线则出现一定偏差. 分析认为, 窄通道能够有效地限制浮力对流, 进而提供模拟微重力条件下材料燃烧特性的实验环境, 通道内的剩余浮力对流和通道壁面热损失可能是造成材料燃烧特性定量差别的主要原因.

细铂丝表面池沸腾临界热流尺度效应研究

本文实验研究了地面重力环境中过冷度和加热铂丝直径对FC-72和丙酮池沸腾传热临界热流现象的影响. 实验结果表明,临界热流具有明显的尺度效应,其特征随Bond数范围的不同而不同,但具体的分区准则依赖于工质的物性. 在中等和大的Bond数区域,过冷度对临界热流的影响与铂丝直径无关;而在小Bond数区域,过冷度效应与尺度明显相关

~(29)S双质子的同时发射

<正>近年来,双质子发射的现象被广泛研究。~(29)S核最外层两个质子处于2s1/2轨道,可能存在这种奇特的行为。先前的实验表明,~(29)S+~(28)Si的总反应截面有着异常大的值。这意味着~(29)S中最后2

Study of a magnetic alloy-loaded RF cavity for bunch compression at the CSR

The Heavy Ion Research Facility and Cooling Storage Ring (HIRFL-CSR) accelerator in Lanzhou offers a unique possibility for the generation of high density and short pulse heavy ion beams by non-adiabatic bunch compression longitudinally, which is implemented by a fast jump of the RF-voltage amplitude. For this purpose, an RF cavity with high electric field gradient loaded with Magnetic Alloy cores has been developed. The results show that the resonant frequency range of the single-gap RF cavity is from 1.13 MHz to 1.42 MHz, and a maximum RF voltage of 40 kV with a total length of 100 cm can be obtained, which can be used to compress heavy ion beams of U-238(72+) with 250 MeV/u from the initial bunch length of 200 ns to 50 ns with the coaction of the two single-gap RF cavity mentioned above.

不同促腐条件下秸秆还田对土壤微生物量碳氮磷动态变化的影响

通过2年田间定位试验,研究了冀东地区小麦玉米轮作制度下,不同促腐条件下玉米秸秆配施化肥直接还田对土壤微生物量C、N、P动态变化的影响,并讨论了其与土壤养分和酶活性的关系.结果表明,秸秆配施化肥并调节其C/N条件下,施用促腐剂处理作物各生育期土壤微生物量C、N、P均表现出高于未施用处理的趋势,并使微生物量N、P达到高峰期的时间提前,对土壤养分调控效果较好.土壤微生物量C、N、P与土壤酶活性在作物各生育期均表现为显著和极显著正相关关系,但与土壤碱解氮、有效磷的相关性受到施肥制度和作物生长的强烈影响.

A Global Crisis for Seagrass Ecosystems

Seagrasses, marine flowering plants, have a long evolutionary history but are now challenged with rapid environmental changes as a result of coastal human population pressures. Seagrasses provide key ecological services, including organic carbon production and export, nutrient cycling, sediment stabilization, enhanced biodiversity, and trophic transfers to adjacent habitats in tropical and temperate regions. They also serve as “coastal canaries,” global biological sentinels of increasing anthropogenic influences in coastal ecosystems, with large-scale losses reported worldwide. Multiple stressors, including sediment and nutrient runoff, physical disturbance, invasive species, disease, commercial fishing practices, aquaculture, overgrazing, algal blooms, and global warming, cause seagrass declines at scales of square meters to hundreds of square kilometers. Reported seagrass losses have led to increased awareness of the need for seagrass protection, monitoring, management, and restoration. However, seagrass science, which has rapidly grown, is disconnected from public awareness of seagrasses, which has lagged behind awareness of other coastal ecosystems. There is a critical need for a targeted global conservation effort that includes a reduction of watershed nutrient and sediment inputs to seagrass habitats and a targeted educational program informing regulators and the public of the value of seagrass meadows.

中国东北植被生态区划

植被生态区划是合理开发利用植被资源和生态管理的基础。在综合分析我国东北地区植被特点、分布规律的基础上,探讨了植被生态区划的原则、依据和指标体系,建立了东北地区植被生态区划的分区系统,并划分了4个植被生态区、11个植被生态亚区和34个植被生态小区。最后对东北地区植被生态区划中的全国植被区划的第一分区界线进行了探讨。

Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Olefin Polymerization Behavior of Vanadium(III) Complexes Bearing Tridentate Schiff Base Ligands

Vanadium(III) complexes bearing tridentate salicylaldiminato ligands (2a-f) [OC6H4CH=NL]VCl2(THF) (L = CH2CH2OMe, 2a; CH2CH2NMe2, 2b; CH2C5H4N, 2c; 8-C9H6N (quinoline), 2d; 2-MeSC6H4, 2e; 2-Ph2PC6H4, 2f) and tridentate beta-enaminoketonato ligands [OC6H8CH=N-2-Ph2PC6H4]VCl2(THF) (2g) and [O(Ph)C=CHCH=N-2-Ph2PC6H4]VCl2(THF) (2h) were prepared from VCl3(THF)(3) by treating with 1.0 equiv of the deprotonated ligands in tetrahydrofuran (THF). These complexes were characterized by FTIR and mass spectrometry as well as elemental analysis. Structures of complexes 2e, 2f, and 2h were further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These complexes were investigated as catalysts for olefin polymerization in the presence of organoaluminum compounds. On activation with Et2AlCl, complexes 2a-h exhibited high catalytic activities toward ethylene polymerization (up to 20.64 kg PE/mmol(v) center dot h center dot bar) even at high temperature, suggesting these catalysts possess high thermal stability.

Summer reproduction of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus in the Yellow Sea: influences of high surface temperature and cold bottom water

We have observed that Calanus sinicus retreated from neritic areas in the Yellow Sea and concentrated in the Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water (YSCBW) area in summer. To investigate the summer reproductive strategy of C. sinicus in this situation, effects of high temperature on reproduction and hatching, as well as geographical variation of in situ egg production rate, were studied by onboard incubation in August 2001. Diel vertical migration (DVM) of females was investigated within and outside the YSCBW, respectively. Onboard incubation at 27 degrees C (i.e. surface temperature) resulted in lower fecundities than that at 9.8 and 12 degrees C (i.e. bottom temperature inside and outside the YSCBW) together with decreased hatching rates and increased naupliar malformation. Egg production was more active at stations outside the YSCBW than inside, where chlorophyll-a concentration was also relatively low. Females inside the YSCBW underwent DVM although they rarely entered the surface layer, but DVM was not observed outside the YSCBW. We conclude that surface temperature in summer has deleterious effects on C. sinicus egg production and hatching, and that it cannot reproduce successfully over the whole area. Inside the YSCBW, egg production is depressed by low food availability, while females outside suffer from high temperatures because of strong vertical mixing.