Development of a rapid bioassessment method and index of biotic integrity for estuaries located along the northwest Gulf of Mexico

Recently it has been proposed that the evaluation of effects of pollutants on aquatic organisms can provide an early warning system of potential environmental and human health risks (NRC 1991). Unfortunately there are few methods available to aquatic biologists to conduct assessments of the effects of pollutants on aquatic animal community health. The primary goal of this research was to develop and evaluate the feasibility of such a method. Specifically, the primary objective of this study was to develop a prototype rapid bioassessment technique similar to the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) for the upper Texas and Northwestern Gulf of Mexico coastal tributaries. The IBI consists of a series of "metrics" which describes specific attributes of the aquatic community. Each of these metrics are given a score which is then subtotaled to derive a total assessment of the "health" of the aquatic community. This IBI procedure may provide an additional assessment tool for professionals in water quality management.^ The experimental design consisted primarily of compiling previously collected data from monitoring conducted by the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) at five bayous classified according to potential for anthropogenic impact and salinity regime. Standardized hydrological, chemical, and biological monitoring had been conducted in each of these watersheds. The identification and evaluation of candidate metrics for inclusion in the estuarine IBI was conducted through the use of correlation analysis, cluster analysis, stepwise and normal discriminant analysis, and evaluation of cumulative distribution frequencies. Scores of each included metric were determined based on exceedances of specific percentiles. Individual scores were summed and a total IBI score and rank for the community computed.^ Results of these analyses yielded the proposed metrics and rankings listed in this report. Based on the results of this study, incorporation of an estuarine IBI method as a water quality assessment tool is warranted. Adopted metrics were correlated to seasonal trends and less so to salinity gradients observed during the study (0-25 ppt). Further refinement of this method is needed using a larger more inclusive data set which includes additional habitat types, salinity ranges, and temporal variation. ^

Minimising pain in farm animals: the 3S approach - 'Suppress, Substitute, Soothe'

Recently, the French National Institute for Agricultural Research appointed an expert committee to review the issue of pain in food-producing farm animals. To minimise pain, the authors developed a '3S' approach accounting for 'Suppress, Substitute and Soothe' by analogy with the '3Rs' approach of 'Reduction, Refinement and Replacement' applied in the context of animal experimentation. Thus, when addressing the matter of pain, the following steps and solutions could be assessed, in the light of their feasibility (technical constraints, logistics and regulations), acceptability (societal and financial aspects) and availability. The first solution is to suppress any source of pain that brings no obvious advantage to the animals or the producers, as well as sources of pain for which potential benefits are largely exceeded by the negative effects. For instance, tail docking of cattle has recently been eliminated. Genetic selection on the basis of resistance criteria (as e.g. for lameness in cattle and poultry) or reduction of undesirable traits (e.g. boar taint in pigs) may also reduce painful conditions or procedures. The second solution is to substitute a technique causing pain by another less-painful method. For example, if dehorning cattle is unavoidable, it is preferable to perform it at a very young age, cauterising the horn bud. Animal management and constraint systems should be designed to reduce the risk for injury and bruising. Lastly, in situations where pain is known to be present, because of animal management procedures such as dehorning or castration, or because of pathology, for example lameness, systemic or local pharmacological treatments should be used to soothe pain. These treatments should take into account the duration of pain, which, in the case of some management procedures or diseases, may persist for longer periods. The administration of pain medication may require the intervention of veterinarians, but exemptions exist where breeders are allowed to use local anaesthesia (e.g. castration and dehorning in Switzerland). Extension of such exemptions, national or European legislation on pain management, or the introduction of animal welfare codes by retailers into their meat products may help further developments. In addition, veterinarians and farmers should be given the necessary tools and information to take into account animal pain in their management decisions.

Treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in axial spondyloarthritis: comparison between private rheumatology practices and academic centers in a large observational cohort

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the initiation of and response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in private rheumatology practices versus academic centers. METHODS We compared newly initiated TNF inhibition for axSpA in 363 patients enrolled in private practices with 100 patients recruited in 6 university hospitals within the Swiss Clinical Quality Management (SCQM) cohort. RESULTS All patients had been treated with ≥ 1 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug and > 70% of patients had a baseline Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) ≥ 4 before anti-TNF agent initiation. The proportion of patients with nonradiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA) treated with TNF inhibitors was higher in hospitals versus private practices (30.4% vs 18.7%, p = 0.02). The burden of disease as assessed by patient-reported outcomes at baseline was slightly higher in the hospital setting. Mean levels (± SD) of the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score were, however, virtually identical in private practices and academic centers (3.4 ± 1.0 vs 3.4 ± 0.9, p = 0.68). An Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS40) response at 1 year was reached for ankylosing spondylitis in 51.7% in private practices and 52.9% in university hospitals (p = 1.0) and for nr-axSpA in 27.5% versus 25.0%, respectively (p = 1.0). CONCLUSION With the exception of a lower proportion of patients with nr-axSpA newly treated with anti-TNF agents in private practices in comparison to academic centers, adherence to ASAS treatment recommendations for TNF inhibition was equally high, and similar response rates to TNF blockers were achieved in both clinical settings.

Persistence of ultrasound synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis fulfilling the DAS28 and/or the new ACR/EULAR RA remission definitions: results of an observational cohort study.

OBJECTIVE The primary aim of the study was to evaluate whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients considered to be in remission according to clinical criteria sets still had persisting ultrasound (US) synovitis. We further intended to evaluate the capacity of our US score to discriminate between the patients with a clinically active disease versus those in remission. METHODS This is an observational study nested within the Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatic Diseases (SCQM) rheumatoid arthritis cohort. A validated US score (SONAR score) based on a semi-quantitative B-mode and Doppler (PwD) score as part of the regular clinical workup by rheumatologists in different clinical settings was used. To define clinically relevant synovitis, the same score was applied to 38 healthy controls and the 90st percentile was used as cut-off for 'relevant' synovitis. RESULTS Three hundred and seven patients had at least one US examination and concomitant clinical information on disease activity. More than a third of patients in both DAS28 and ACR/EULAR remission showed significant gray scale synovitis (P=0.01 and 0.0002, respectively) and PwD activity (P=0.005 and 0.0005, respectively) when compared to controls. The capacity of US to discriminate between the two clinical remission groups and patients with active disease was only moderate. CONCLUSION This observational study confirms that many patients considered to be in clinical remission according the DAS and the ACR/EULAR definitions still have residual synovitis on US. The prognostic significance of US synovitis and the exact place of US in patients reaching clinical remission need to be further evaluated.

Decision-Making Processes in Voluntary Football Clubs in Relation to External Counselling

Introduction Recruiting and retaining volunteers who are prepared to make a long-term commitment is a major problem for Swiss sports clubs. With the inclusion of external counselling for the change and systematisation of volunteer management, sports clubs have a possibility to develop and defuse problems in spite of existing barriers and gaps in knowledge. To what extent is external counselling for personnel problems effective? It is often observed that standardised counselling inputs lead to varying consequences for sports clubs. It can be assumed that external impulses are interpreted and transformed differently into the workings of the club. However, this cannot be solely attributed to the situational or structural conditions of the clubs. It is also important to consider the underlying decision-making processes of a club. According to Luhmann’s organisational sociological considerations (2000), organisations (sports clubs) have to be viewed as social systems consisting of (communicated) decisions. This means that organisations are continually reproduced by decision-making processes. All other (observable) factors such as an organisation’s goals, recruiting strategies, support schemes for volunteers etc., have to be seen as an outcome of the operation of prior organisational decisions. Therefore: How do decision-making processes in sports clubs work in the context of the implementation of external counselling? Theoretical Framework An examination of the actual situation in sports clubs shows that decisions frequently appear to be shaped by inconsistency, unexpected outcomes, and randomness (Amis & Slack, 2003). Therefore, it must be emphasised that these decisions cannot be analysed according to any rational decision-making model. Their specific structural characteristics only permit a limited degree of rationality – bounded rationality. Non-profit organisations in particular are shaped by a specific mode of decisionmaking that Cohen, March, and Olsen (1972) have called the “garbage can model”. As sport clubs can also be conceived as “organised anarchies”, this model seems to offer an appropriate approach to understanding their practices and analysing their decision-making processes. The key concept in the garbage can model is the assumption that decision-making processes in organisations consist of four “streams”: (a) problems, (b) actors, (c) decision-making opportunities, and (d) solutions. Method Before presenting the method of the analysis of the decision-making processes in sports clubs, the external counselling will be described. The basis of the counselling is generated by a sports clubs’ capability to change. Due to the specific structural characteristics and organisational principles, change processes in sports clubs often merge with barriers and restrictions. These need to be considered when developing counselling guidelines for a successful planning and realisation of change processes. Furthermore, important aspects of personnel management in sports clubs and especially volunteer management must be implied in order to elaborate key elements for the counselling to recruit new volunteers (e.g., approach, expectations). A counselling of four system-counselling workshops was conceptualised by considering these specific characteristics. The decision-making processes in the sports clubs were analysed during the counselling and the implementation process. A case study is designed with the appropriate methodological approach for such explorative research. The approach adopted for these single case analyses was oriented toward the research program of behavioural decision-making theory (garbage can model). This posits that in-depth insights into organisational decision-making processes can only be gained through relevant case studies of existing organisational situations (Skille, 2013). Before, during and after the intervention, questionnaires and guided interviews were conducted with the project teams of the twelve par-ticipating football clubs to assess the different components of the “streams” in the context of external counselling. These interviews have been analysed using content analysis following guidelines as for-mulated by Mayring (2010). Results The findings show that decision-making processes in football clubs occur differently in the context of external counselling. Different initial positions and problems are the triggers for these decision-making processes. Furthermore, the implementation of the solutions and the external counselling is highly dependent on the commitment of certain people as central players within the decision-mak-ing process. The importance of these relationships is confirmed by previous findings in regard to decision-making and change processes in sports clubs. The decision-making processes in sports clubs can be theoretically analysed using behavioural decision-making theory and the “garbage can model”. Bounded rationality characterises all “streams” of the decision-making processes. Moreo-ver, the decision-making process of the football clubs can be well illustrated in the framework, and the interplay of the different dimensions illustrates the different decision-making practices within the football clubs. References Amis, J., & Slack, T. (2003). Analysing sports organisations: Theory and practice. In B. Houlihan (Eds.), Sport & Society (pp. 201–217). London, England: Sage. Cohen, M.D., March, J.G., & Olsen, J.P. (1972). A garbage can model of organisational choice. Ad-ministrative Science Quarterly, 17, 1-25. Luhmann, N. (2000). Organisation und Entscheidung. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag. Mayring, P. (2010). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Grundlagen und Techniken. Weinheim: Beltz. Skille, E. Å. (2013). Case study research in sport management: A reflection upon the theory of science and an empirical example. In S. Söderman & H. Dolles (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport and business (pp. 161–175). Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar.

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for patients with somatostatin receptor expressing tumours. German Guideline (S1).

This document describes the guideline for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) published by the German Society of Nuclear Medicine (DGN) and accepted by the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) to be included in the official AWMF Guideline Registry. These recommendations are a prerequisite for the quality management in the treatment of patients with somatostatin receptor expressing tumours using PRRT. They are aimed at guiding nuclear medicine specialists in selecting likely candidates to receive PRRT and to deliver the treatment in a safe and effective manner. The recommendations are based on an interdisciplinary consensus. The document contains background information and definitions and covers the rationale, indications and contraindications for PRRT. Essential topics are the requirements for institutions performing the therapy, e. g. presence of an expert for medical physics, intense cooperation with all colleagues involved in the treatment of a patient, and a certificate of instruction in radiochemical labelling and quality control are required. Furthermore, it is specified which patient data have to be available prior to performance of therapy and how treatment has to be carried out technically. Here, quality control and documentation of labelling are of great importance. After treatment, clinical quality control is mandatory (work-up of therapy data and follow-up of patients). Essential elements of follow-up are specified in detail. The complete treatment inclusive after-care has to be realised in close cooperation with the involved medical disciplines. Generally, the decision for PRRT should be undertaken within the framework of a multi-disciplinary tumour board.

Elaboración de vinos : defectos en el proceso que originan costos de no calidad

Los costos de calidad se asocian a su planificación, control, evaluación de la conformidad y a los costos ocasionados por no cumplir con los requisitos de satisfacción de la fábrica o del cliente (productos o servicios con defectos). Los objetivos del trabajo son identificar las causas que provocan la ausencia o pérdida de calidad (no calidad), proponer acciones correctivas en el proceso de elaboración de vinos, midiendo la frecuencia de aparición y clasificando los costos de no calidad. Conocer la frecuencia de aparición de las causas de no calidad en las etapas del proceso de elaboración de vinos permitirá optimizar la gestión y reducir los costos al disminuir sus correcciones. El estudio identifica los factores que alteran la calidad de los vinos. La mayor frecuencia de defectos es de origen prefermentativo, que junto con los de crianza, conservación y originados en el viñedo explican el 79% de los mismos. Los defectos encontrados constituyen costos de prevención y evaluación pero serán falla interna si la bodega está integrada y se atribuirán a falla externa en el caso de productor no integrado. Los establecimientos en los que se pudo identificar y establecer frecuencia de aparición de los defectos que influyen en la calidad del vino son aquellos que tienen algún sistema de gestión de la calidad, ya que han normalizado los registros que actuarán como herramienta de gestión. Los encargados de gerenciar las bodegas deberían conocer los puntos críticos del proceso para realizar la gestión preventiva de los posibles defectos. Los costos que inciden en la calidad del producto a comercializar se deben registrar y controlar, y trazarlos hacia adelante para conocer la incidencia de los mismos en los precios finales, y hacia atrás para que en la planificación de la próxima elaboración se contemple la prevención correspondiente.

La experiencia de evaluación externa en las bibliotecas universitarias argentinas y su contexto terminológico

La preocupación por la evaluación de la calidad en la educación superior surge inicialmente, en la Argentina, a comienzos de los años 90 en forma paralela a los desarrollos Iberoamericanos. Es entonces cuando, en el universo de las políticas de la calidad, se introduce la selección y denominación de componentes dentro de los lineamientos, guías o modelos de evaluación. Es así como aparecen los conceptos de evaluación, acreditación, certificación, etc. vinculados también con los principales modelos de gestión de la calidad. El presente trabajo tiene dos objetivos, el primero es exponer una de las conclusiones de la investigación realizada sobre la evaluación del componente biblioteca en el contexto de la evaluación externa de las universidades argentinas llevada a cabo por la Comisión Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación Universitaria (CONEAU) en cumplimiento de la política de calidad determinada por la Ley de Educación Superior (LES). Esta conclusión está relacionada con la importancia de la consistencia y uniformidad en la denominación de componentes en los modelos de evaluación. Con el segundo, se trata de clarificar la terminología vinculada con los procesos de evaluación y gestión de la calidad. La metodología utilizada para el cumplimiento del primer objetivo se basó en el análisis de los 42 informes que la CONEAU publicó entre 1998-2006. Respecto del segundo la recolección de datos se apoyó en el análisis de diferentes fuentes documentales, lo cual facilitó la estructuración del contenido del trabajo. Se concluye que es esencial mantener la claridad en las definiciones, la consistencia terminológica y evitar la alternancia de términos.

La cultura de la calidad : Aplicación e impacto de un sistema de gestión basado en las normas ISO 9001:2008 en la Biblioteca Mayor de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba

El propósito es compartir una experiencia de gestión de la Biblioteca Mayor de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, a través de la implementación de las normas ISO 9001: 2008, adoptando una nueva filosofía comprometida con los principios de la calidad y en la optimización del aprendizaje organizacional, orientado a dar respuestas a las necesidades de los usuarios por medio de servicios basados en innovaciones tecnológicas y bibliotecológicas. Este trabajo se basa en un estudio de caso describiendo los componentes del sistema, enriquecido con aportes de entrevistas personalizadas pertenecientes a distintos sectores involucrados con el proceso de certificación de la Biblioteca. Se analizan los obstáculos encontrados y los logros obtenidos basados en la mejora continua de los servicios. La obtención de una certificación no constituye un fin, sino es el comienzo de un proceso constructivo enmarcado en una cultura de la calidad, con una dinámica nueva de gestión que permite evaluar lo que se hace y como se hace.

Cultura, identidad y territorio : Reflexiones para el desarrollo de una estrategia de diferenciación del servicio agroturístico en emprendimientos de un Grupo de Cambio Rural (INTA) del partido de Coronel Suárez (Buenos Aires)

A partir de los conceptos convergentes identidad, cultura, patrimonio y territorio, se plantea analizar la posibilidad de formular e implementar una estrategia de diferenciación para la actividad de agroturismo desarrollada por los establecimientos del grupo Cortaderas II (Cambio Rural, INTA), en el partido de Coronel Suárez (BA), provincia de Buenos Aires. Con este fin, se ha efectuado un diagnóstico mediante entrevistas directas y observaciones in situ de los emprendimientos participantes. Destacando aspectos propios de su ambiente rural, se procuró identificar valores culturales y productos con anclaje territorial que impongan un sello distintivo al servicio turístico que ofrecen. Complementariamente, se indagó en qué medida los integrantes están preparados para gestionar el negocio, reconociendo en ellos competencias gerenciales y características emprendedoras. Por último, se reflexiona acerca del grado de madurez alcanzado, tipificando la cultura empresarial individual y según el trabajo grupal, de modo de evaluar si la puesta en valor de sus recursos evoluciona desde un "carácter doméstico" hasta llegar a un "carácter comercial formal". Se observa la construcción de una identidad de índole socio-cultural-económica que hace viable una estrategia competitiva diferencial con anclaje en el territorio, así como condiciones para el desarrollo de una actividad turística más formalizada basada en la gestión de calidad

Cultura, identidad y territorio : Reflexiones para el desarrollo de una estrategia de diferenciación del servicio agroturístico en emprendimientos de un Grupo de Cambio Rural (INTA) del partido de Coronel Suárez (Buenos Aires)

A partir de los conceptos convergentes identidad, cultura, patrimonio y territorio, se plantea analizar la posibilidad de formular e implementar una estrategia de diferenciación para la actividad de agroturismo desarrollada por los establecimientos del grupo Cortaderas II (Cambio Rural, INTA), en el partido de Coronel Suárez (BA), provincia de Buenos Aires. Con este fin, se ha efectuado un diagnóstico mediante entrevistas directas y observaciones in situ de los emprendimientos participantes. Destacando aspectos propios de su ambiente rural, se procuró identificar valores culturales y productos con anclaje territorial que impongan un sello distintivo al servicio turístico que ofrecen. Complementariamente, se indagó en qué medida los integrantes están preparados para gestionar el negocio, reconociendo en ellos competencias gerenciales y características emprendedoras. Por último, se reflexiona acerca del grado de madurez alcanzado, tipificando la cultura empresarial individual y según el trabajo grupal, de modo de evaluar si la puesta en valor de sus recursos evoluciona desde un "carácter doméstico" hasta llegar a un "carácter comercial formal". Se observa la construcción de una identidad de índole socio-cultural-económica que hace viable una estrategia competitiva diferencial con anclaje en el territorio, así como condiciones para el desarrollo de una actividad turística más formalizada basada en la gestión de calidad

La experiencia de evaluación externa en las bibliotecas universitarias argentinas y su contexto terminológico

La preocupación por la evaluación de la calidad en la educación superior surge inicialmente, en la Argentina, a comienzos de los años 90 en forma paralela a los desarrollos Iberoamericanos. Es entonces cuando, en el universo de las políticas de la calidad, se introduce la selección y denominación de componentes dentro de los lineamientos, guías o modelos de evaluación. Es así como aparecen los conceptos de evaluación, acreditación, certificación, etc. vinculados también con los principales modelos de gestión de la calidad. El presente trabajo tiene dos objetivos, el primero es exponer una de las conclusiones de la investigación realizada sobre la evaluación del componente biblioteca en el contexto de la evaluación externa de las universidades argentinas llevada a cabo por la Comisión Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación Universitaria (CONEAU) en cumplimiento de la política de calidad determinada por la Ley de Educación Superior (LES). Esta conclusión está relacionada con la importancia de la consistencia y uniformidad en la denominación de componentes en los modelos de evaluación. Con el segundo, se trata de clarificar la terminología vinculada con los procesos de evaluación y gestión de la calidad. La metodología utilizada para el cumplimiento del primer objetivo se basó en el análisis de los 42 informes que la CONEAU publicó entre 1998-2006. Respecto del segundo la recolección de datos se apoyó en el análisis de diferentes fuentes documentales, lo cual facilitó la estructuración del contenido del trabajo. Se concluye que es esencial mantener la claridad en las definiciones, la consistencia terminológica y evitar la alternancia de términos.