Geochemical character and material source of sediments in the eastern Philippine Sea

Based upon analyses of grain-size, rare earth element (REE) compositions, elemental occurrence phases of REE, and U-series isotopic dating, the sediment characteristics and material sources of the study area were examined for the recently formed deep-sea clays in the eastern Philippine Sea. The analytical results are summarized as follows. (1) Low accumulation rate, poor sorting and roundness, and high contents of grains coarser than fine silt indicate relatively low sediment input, with localized material source without long distance transport. (2) The REE Contents are relatively high. Shale-normalized patterns of REE indicate weak enrichment in heavy REE (HREE), Ce-passive anomaly, and Eu-positive anomaly. (3) Elemental occurrence phases of REE between the sediments with and without crust are similar. REE mainly concentrate in residual phase and then in ferromanganese oxide phase. The light REE (LREE) enrichment, Ce-positive anomaly, and Eu-positive anomaly occur in residual phase. Ferromanganese oxide phase shows the characteristics of relatively high HREE content and Ce-passive anomaly. (4) There are differences in each above mentioned aspect between the sediments with and without ferromanganese crust. (5) Synthesizing the above characteristics and source discriminant analysis, the study sediments are deduced to mainly result from the alteration of local and nearby volcanic materials. Continental materials transported by wind and/or river (ocean) flows also have minor contributions.

Mineral provinces and material provenance of the surficial sediments near the Zhongsha Islands in the South China Sea

Characteristics and distribution patterns of elastic minerals (0.063 similar to 0.125 mm) in bottom sediments represent a significant indicator for the identification of the origin of sediment. One hundred and fourteen surface sediment samples, which were collected from the area near the Zhongsha Islands in the South China Sea, were analysed to identify the mineral suites and their distributions in the study area. The area can be divided into three mineral provinces: ( I) a province of biogenic minerals, which mainly originate from the Zhongsha Atoll; ( H) a province of volcanogenic minerals, which are mainly derived from local basaltic seamounts and small-scale volcanoes that are probably erupting, with some influences from the island-are volcanic region around the South China Sea; and (II) a mixed mineral province whose material source includes biogenic minerals, volcanogenic minerals and terrigenous minerals; the last province can be subdivided into a mixed mineral sub-province of the northeastern part of the study area, in which terrigenous minerals are mainly derived from China's Mainland and do not exceed 17 degrees N, and a mixed mineral sub-province of the southeastern part of the study area, in which terrigenous minerals are derived from Kalimantan and Indochina Peninsula and might be further transported into the deep sea basin through submarine canyons.

Effective dielectric response of composites witli graded material

The effective dielectric response of linear composites containing graded material is investigated under an applied electric field Eo. For the cylindrical inclusion with gradient dielectric function, epsilon(i)(r) = b + cr, randomly embedded in a host with dielectric constant epsilon(m), we have obtained the exact solution of local electric potential of the composite media regions, which obeys a linear constitutive relation D = epsilonE, using hypergeometric function. In dilute limit, we have derived the effective dielectric response of the linear composite media. Furthermore, for larger volume fraction, the formulas of effective dielectric response of the graded composite media, are given.

Organic geochemical studies of sinking particulate material in China sea area(I) - Organic matter fluxes and distributional features of hydrocarbon compounds and fatty acids

Sinking particulate material collected from Nansha Yongshu reef lagoon and the continental shelf of the East China Sea by sediment traps has been analyzed and studied for the first time using organic geochemical method. The results show that about half of the sinking particulate organic matter in the two study areas are consumed before reaching the depth of 5 m to the sea floor and the degree of this consumption in Yongshu reef lagoon is larger than that in the continental shelf of the East China Sea. The distributions of hydrocarbons and fatty acids indicate that the minor difference of biological sources of sinking particulate organic matter exists between Yongshu reel lagoon and the continental shelf of the East China Sea, but they mainly come from marine plankton. Stronger biological and biochemical transformations of sinking particulate organic matter are also observed and the intensity of this transformation in Yongshu reef lagoon is greater than that in the continental shelf of the East China Sea. It is found that the occurrence of C-25 highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) diene may be related to the composition of diatom species.

A novel zirconium-based perovskite-type membrane material for oxygen permeation

A novel zirconium-based membrane material of BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2O3-6 with cubic perovskite structure was synthesized for the first time through a method of citric and EDTA acid combined complexes. The structural stability was characterized by XRD, O-2-TPD and H-2-TPR techniques respectively. The high oxygen permeation flux of 0.873 mL/cm(2) min at 950 degreesC was obtained under He/Air gradient. Meanwhile, the single activation energy for oxygen permeation and the long-term steady operation of 200 h at 800 degreesC were achieved.

Manual de prática de coleta e herborização de material botânico.

2008

Multiplicação rápida, método simples e de baixo custo na produção de material propagativo de mandioca.

A baixa taxa de multiplicação de mandioca é um dos obstáculos à sua propagação em larga escala. De cada planta de mandioca obtém-se de 5 a 10 manivas de 20 cm de comprimento, num período médio de 12 meses, o que equivale a dizer que a taxa de propagação de mandioca varia de 1:5 a 1:10. Embora produza sementes, comercialmente a mandioca é propagada vegetativamente por meio de pedaços de caule. A propagação vegetativa tem a desvantagem de permitir a transmissão de pragas e patógenos entre as gerações sucessivas de cultivo, caso não sejam tomados cuidados com relação à qualidade do material de propagação. Essa duas características, a baixa taxa de multiplicação e a degenerescência causada pelo acúmulo de pragas, contribuem para escassez de manivas de boa qualidade à disposição de agricultores. Um método simples e barato para aumento da taxa de multiplicação, da mandioca é a multiplicação rápida a qual consiste em cortar hastes da planta de mandioca em pedaços com duas ou três gemas, e plantá-los em canteiro cobertos com plásticos transparente, para reter o calor do sol. Esses canteiros são regados frequentemente, e assim, a umidade e a temperatura elevadas induzem as manivas a brotar. Ao atingir o tamanho de 10 a 15 cm, os brotos são cortados e posto em água, para enraizar. Por sua vez, as manivas de duas ou três gemas voltam a brotar, e nisso consiste a capacidade que essa técnica tem de aumentar a taxa de multiplicação da mandioca. As taxas de multiplicação obtidas nesse trabalho variaram entre 1:140 a 1:170, isto é, um aumento de 14 a 17 vezes em relação a taxa de multiplicação convencional da mandioca (1:10). Embora esses índices estejam abaixo do potencial máximo de multiplicação apresentado na literatura ( aumento de 60 vezes), demonstram o potencial da técnica da multiplicação rápida no aumento da taxa de multiplicação da mandioca, em razão da sua simplicidade e baixo custo.

Quantificação dos horizontes húmicos e dinâmica da decomposição de material foliar em solos florestais.

Estudos sobre o balanço entre o carbono estocado na biomassa e o perdido por meio da ecomposição, visando a quantificacão do acúmulo líquido de carbono de um sistema florestal.

Educação ambiental tendo o solo como material didático: pintura com tinta de solo e colagem de solo sobre superfícies.

2010

Importância da origem do material de propagação na qualidade da muda de videira.

2004