961 resultados para MERCADO IMOBILIÁRIO


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O presente trabalho demonstra os principais pressupostos teóricos acerca da Estrutura de Capital, bem como, sua evolução e relevância. Estrutura de capital é um tema ainda controverso na teoria de finanças corporativas. Dentro deste contexto, é revisada a literatura e o desenvolvimento do mercado acionário brasileiro a fim de examinar dentre as duas principais teorias pós Modigliani e Miller (Static Trade-Off Theory e Pecking Order Theory) qual é a preferida e efetivamente utilizada pelas companhias abertas brasileiras.

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A precarização do trabalho vem sendo destacada como um dos principais problemas associados aos processos de reestruturação das formas de produzir e dos modos de organizar e gerir o trabalho que, no Brasil, vêm ocorrendo de modo mais efetivo a partir da década de 90, no bojo das transformações do sistema capitalista desencadeadas a partir do último quartel do século XX. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo geral investigar as repercussões desses processos na sociedade brasileira, analisando o modo como as mudanças vêm reconfigurando as relações de trabalho – desorganizando o padrão vigente que remetia a um crescente assalariamento da mão-de-obra e a uma maior proteção social – e criando e aprofundando situações de precarização no trabalho. Sendo um evento de proporções planetárias, o estudo das transformações aludidas requereu investigar suas principais características nas sociedades avançadas, com ênfase nos impactos sobre o trabalho e as interpretações forjadas com vistas a sua apreensão, em que sobressai o debate a respeito da centralidade do trabalho, contemporaneamente. No Brasil, onde tais mudanças se encontram condicionadas pelo legado histórico tanto quanto pela experiência nacional recente, de uma maior inserção na economia globalizada, foram destacados os desdobramentos das mutações sobre as formas de inserção dos trabalhadores no mercado de trabalho. Na revisão da literatura, procurou-se avançar no debate relativo à construção conceitual da noção de precarização, retomando e retrabalhando o enfoque sobre o setor informal, à luz dos achados empíricos e das questões debatidas na tese. No desenvolvimento do estudo, elaborou-se uma metodologia com vistas à apreensão de situações de precariedade no trabalho, utilizando informações da Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (PED-RMPA). A análise abrangeu diferentes estratégias: 1) uma classificação dos trabalhadores em categorias ocupacionais; 2) a seleção de variáveis e indicadores para caracterizar formas de inserção ocupacional, permitindo explicitar situações e graus de precarização na inserção laboral; e 3) a construção de um Índice de Precarização. Tais estratégias foram aplicadas também para investigar a precarização no trabalho sob o recorte de gênero. A análise dos dados indicou que as transformações recentes têm conduzido à precarização das formas de inserção da população economicamente ativa no mercado de trabalho – o que se manifesta através do aumento do desemprego e da ampliação de formas de inserções mais frágeis e instáveis nesse mercado, via de regra com menor proteção social –, paralelamente à retração de inserções ocupacionais cobertas pelas normas legais vigentes. Tal situação requer seja construída uma nova regulação social, que inclua o polimorfismo do trabalho, contra-arrestando situações de insegurança e vulnerabilidade sociais.

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The purpose of this study is to identify the strategic vision of the Internal Audit Department of Petrel Brasileiro S.A. PETROBRAS, in comparison with the audit function's proposals and practices in competitive organizations and their reality. It also aims at the verification of the possible solutions, within Petrobras itself, so as to constantly add value to the business and to the shareholders. With this in mind, a research was carried out, contemplating the conceptual proposals and market practices related to auditing and to the current diagnosis and the organizational model of Petrobras, so as to choose elements for comparison and analysis of such vision. The results of this research pointed in the direction of questioning the organizational value of the internal audit action, concluding that it will only be possible to continuously attain such value by means of a permanent coordination with the organization's strategic level. This is especially true if the audit action participates effectively in the process of Corporate Governance, in defining the risks, the internal control system and the measurement of corporate performance, as related to the development of the strategic plan. However, any action along these lines is still heavily impacted and limited by several aspects of culture and relationship of the organizational power as well as by the beliefs of the organization and of the body of auditors. The involvement of the auditors as employees was also considered relevant in the auditing process, by means of the participation of the audited entities in self assessment2. This procedure is still not sufficiently guaranteed by successful experiments in major organizations, considering that there is not a clear demonstration of the effective benefits of adopting this practice, as ompared to the central control, seldom shared but strongly monitored by integrated information systems. Finally, this research points to the need to renew the concept of the formation and role of the auditors in modern competitive organizations, in the face of information technology and of automation of the instrument controls of the business. Therefore, one may conclude that the trend will be toward an action aiming at the revision of formal internal control matrixes, as they are established in such systems. On the other hand, the majority of audit human resources will be increasingly deployed to the evaluation of risk and control, as related to relevant events of a more abstract nature, as in the case of those connected with the uncontrollable factors of the external environment.

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Durante o ano de 2003 foram realizadas coletas sazonais de peixes do Lago Guaíba, Porto Alegre, Sul do Brasil. Os metais cádmio, cobre, cromo e zinco foram utilizados como indicadores químicos na avaliação da qualidade ambiental da ictiofauna, sendo representada pela espécie Leporinus obtusidens (piava). Os exemplares de piava foram capturados dentro de três grandes regiões do Lago: Região Norte, próximo ao Canal do Jacuí; Região Central, em frente à cidade de Porto Alegre e Região Sul, junto à ponta de Itapuã. Conteúdo de metais em amostras de fígado e músculo de cada exemplar foram avaliados por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Os resultados demonstram que há diferenças na acumulação entre os tecidos de machos e fêmeas, com machos acumulando mais no músculo do que no fígado e fêmeas apresentando comportamento contrário. Considerando os locais de captura, o Ponto Central apresentou as maiores concentrações de cobre (músculo), cádmio (fígado) e zinco (músculo); e entre as estações de captura, os indivíduos coletados durante o verão apresentaram as maiores concentrações de todos os metais analisados. Apesar disso, nenhum indivíduo amostrado apresentou-se inapto para o consumo humano, atestando a qualidade ambiental da ictiofauna do Lago Guaíba para os metais estudados.

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Inicialmente abordamos as tentativas de integração latino-americana, identificando as duas épocas distintas da problemática em questão. Faz-se menção a vários autores, abrangendo a segunda metade do século XIX e as primeiras décadas do séculos XX, que também defenderam as idéias de união latino-americana. A importância da criação da Comunidade Econômica Européia, a ALALC, A ALADI e o MERCOSUL como impulsionadores da integração. A institucionalização, os mecanismos para implementação e os processos de negociação do MERCOSUL. Em seguida tratamos da globalização e do mercado de trabalhos; a produção internacionalizada marcante no século XX; as novas tecnologias, a cidadania ativa, a reação sindical em novas bases. No terceiro capítulo abordamos a questão trabalhista no MERCOSUL, enfatizando a necessidade de implantação de princípios assegurando benefícios, tendo em vista a tendência comercialista do MERCOSUL. Concluindo, retomamos a relação entre as Centrais e os governos, destacando, ainda, as organizações internacionais como importantes atores no processo de integração. Constatamos o quanto o MERCOSUL está estimulando discussões sobre as possibilidades de alianças entre os atores sociais.

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The objective of this dissertation is to discover and to analyze the way how the consumer uses his/her perception to decide contracting a health plan, to supply elements that can serve to subsidize the State, the market and the consumers, in relation to the knowledge on the process of choice of the consumer and the decisions of purchase and contracting services of private health. The estimated one is to evidence that the brand of health plan is an important variable and decisive to the consumer contracting the service of a company that operates in these sector, because mean for the consumer security about the product, through the symbolism that the same one represents, despite the consumer not knowing to the certainty what is contracting in quality and amount. The theoretical construction is carried through using literature of anthropology of the consumption, theory of modernity, theory of the regulation, economic utilitarism, and marketing. Moreover, referential specific theoretician on the regulation of the market of health plans in Brazil. The health plan market in Brazil is anti-symmetrical and the consumer doesn¿t have knowledge technician who makes possible it to form judgment and to carry through rationality choices. Than the consumer uses to his/her decision symbolic elements that are available to his/her and supply to his/her the security that is look likes in the consumption of this kind of good. These symbolic elements related the confidence and security and are into the strong brands of the companies and are transmitted to the consumer through the mass media. In this dissertation are used as sources of data some information of the regulatory agency of the sector ¿ ANS -, a research of public opinion with health plans users and the results of the application of proper questionnaires for this research.

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A presente dissertação tem a finalidade de consolidar o objeto de estudos acadêmicos feitos em face do Curso de Mestrado e realizados pelo autor com base na situação hodierna enfrentada pelo no Banco do Brasil S.A na área de Recuperação de Créditos. A dissertação aduz a caracterização da organização após sua reforrnulação estrutural ocorrida em 1995 e aborda a problemática da inadimplência dos empréstimos concedidos pelo Banco no passado, sugerindo urna análise mais aprofundada do paradoxo "dever de diligência" versus geração de caixa por meio da securitização de créditos em prejuízo e o emprego de alternativas negociais heterodoxas e inovadoras de mercado, fundamentada no conceito financeiro de custo de oportunidade.

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The scope of this dissertation is to assess the attitudes of subscribers to private health insurance schemes and the regulatory strategy of the Ancillary National Health Agency -- ANS in relation to their demands. The ancillary health market features various players, each with their own specific interests and priorities. Consequently, the ANS should strive to maintain the balance between the consumers, the economic intermediaries and the State, ensuring that the Agency's powers to establish norms, as well as to regulate and to supervise each be exercised independently. Many people contend that there are elements not currently incorporated into the current services of the ANS which could contribute to its regulatory strategy. This study was conducted from the standpoint of theories applied to State administration for structural analysis of the ANS and its strategies, in addition to a symbolic and rational approach for a better understanding of the consumers involved. A survey was conducted of existing records of the ANS, as well as data collected from direct observation. Analysis of the data obtained led to the conclusion that the consumer can become a close ally in the regulatory activity of the ANS, to the extent that the latter may acquire more in-depth knowledge of aspects contained in the demands of the former.

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This work focuses on the implications of technological-organizational competences for improvement of performance indicators. This relationship is examined during 1984 to 2005 in three small companies that operate in Rio de Janeiro within adventure tourism, more specifically, within tandem flights on hang-gliding. Based on a comparative case study grounded in both qualitative and quantitative empirical evidences collected in a detailed field search, this study is supported by an existing metric available in literature and adapted to adventure tourism segment. The metric to measure competences is based on four techno-organizational function: (i) product; (ii) sales & marketing; (iii) infra-structure & operational process; (iv) managing systems. The examination of performance improvement is based on a set of typical indicators used by this segment to evaluate results. This dissertation contributes to deepening the understanding of how techno-organizational competences affect the competitive performance of companies in this sector of adventure tourism.

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A indústria brasileira de gás liquefeito de petróleo, GLP, tem sido alvo freqüente, nos últimos anos, da atenção de órgãos reguladores, mídia e público em geral. Muitas têm sido as especulações a respeito de seu padrão de conduta publicados na imprensa, variando desde práticas predatórias até a formação disciplinada de cartel. A presente pesquisa, baseada em depoimentos de executivos da indústria e no acesso a dados das firmas dessa indústria tomado públicos - dados financeiros e operacionais - explora qual seja, afinal, o padrão de competição desse oligopólio. O estudo parte da Teoria da Estrutura de Capital aplicada para decisões de competição e mercado - preços e quantidades a ofertar para constatar que, dadas suas escolhas de estrutura de capital, as firmas esta indústria específica simplesmente adotam um padrão tradicional de arrefecimento da competição a partir de sua dívida. A dívida, nesta indústria, é utilizada para a criação de barreiras de entrada. Ainda assim, casos de acirramento da competição e de concentração de mercado foram encontrados, indicando que não haja uma disciplina formal de conduta por parte de suas firmas as quais devem, eventualmente, encontrar dificuldades - ou falta de interesse - na convivência em um mercado em fase de transformação.

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The high degree of flexibility has been pointed as one of the outstanding characteristics of the Brazilian job market. Employability is being a frequent discussion issue among the professionals of the human resources area. The Human Capital Theory and the contemporary discussion concerning Employability argue the relationship of the educational practice and of the production practice in a capitalist economical-social structure as a whole. The education consequences in the individuals' life are reflected in several ways, direct and indirectly. Our objective is to evaluate, with statistics methods, and in that universe of consequences, the explanatory events of the relationships between education-wage and education¿job. The main reason of this work is to evaluate the relationship between education, wage and Employability from a structural model perspective, seeking to compare and to contrast two effective theories: the one from the human capital and other from the Employability. To make this analysis, a database of individuals that are working at the formal work market in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area, had been used. The results showed the education importance on the wage level, as well as, on the Employability factor, whose values and highest taxes correspond to the individuals graduated on the university.

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The objective of this dissertation is to explore and deeply study the concepts about Glocal Marketing, explaining this recent phenomenon, highlighting the importance and the influence of local culture on the marketing mix of global organizations, in order to have successful commercialization of their products and services in different markets. Searching for a better understanding of Glocal Marketing became extremely important in the XXI Century, since there is an increase in the number of global companies which want to explore new markets in order to survive and remain in the highly competitive market. Concepts of Globalization, Marketing, Glocal Marketing, Culture are defined and explored. Also, the influence of culture on consumer behavior and on the marketing mix of global organizations is analyzed. The Hofstede¿s cultural typology is explained and it is used to give the reader an overview and a better understanding about the cultural influence in the acceptance of new products in new markets. The relationship between culture and marketing mix is discussed, as well as the importance of standardization versus customization of the marketing mix among countries with high cultural differences. The methodology is composed by descriptive research and a case study about a global organization, the Coca-Cola Company. Therefore, this dissertation aims to show and exemplify how the Coca-Cola Company applies glocal strategies on its marketing mix as a way to establish a competitive advantage in the market.

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The concept of market orientation appeared in the beginning of the year 1990 as one of the main marketing developments, getting prominence, at the end of the decade, in the strategy area as well. However due to universalization presuppositions and due to the statistical positivism, this concept seems to be limited for an organization type that still receives from researchers' little attention: nationalized companies. These companies origin is linked to the privatization processes, which happened throughout the years after 1990 in Brazil. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this thesis recognizes the main marketing and strategy debates; however it points for neglectful dimensions in both areas, necessary for a broader OPM concept understanding. With the objective of a broader understanding of the OPM concept, this thesis searches for the alignment of the OPM concept with the strategy as social practice conceptions as a framework for the conduction of a case study on nationalized companies belonging to the telecommunication sectors. The exploratory character of the study reveals important subjects that can help the development of the OPM concept in a broader way for future researches as: the government influence over markets, market culture development in nationalized companies and different market concepts existence.

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In 1964, year of the military coup, the Brazilian government established a housing finance system with the intention of reducing the housing shortage that had been going on for decades. In order to reach this goal, the government created the Housing Finance System (acronym in Portuguese ¿ SFH), a set of rules which intended to set up a regulated market through standardized contracts and compulsory sources of funds. The system survived for some time, due to the state control of prices and salaries in the authoritarian regime. However, the increasing inflationary pressure obliged the government to adopt a populist subsidy policy, which left as a consequence outstanding balances at the end of the contracts that very often exceeded the value of the financed units. The solution adopted was to create a fund to settle these residual balances. Such fund should be capitalized by the government and by compulsory contributions from borrowers and financial institutions. Since the government did not make such contributions, the debt of this fund increased on a yearly basis, reaching around 3,5 % of Brazil¿s GDP in December 31, 2006. Due to the decline of private investments in the housing finance system, this debt concentrated mostly on public and state-owned companies, government agencies and public funds. The outcome of this policy was the Salary Variations Compensation Fund (acronym in Portuguese ¿ FCVS), which has a negative net equity of 76 billion reais and costs 100 million reais per year to be managed, and whose main creditor is the Federal Government itself.