Reseñas de libros

Contiene: LANGEWIESCHE, Dieter, La época del Estado-Nación en Europa, Valencia, PUV, 2012, 183 pp. Edición a cargo de Jesús Millán y María Cruz Romeo. / Rafael Serrano García; BUTRÓN, Gonzalo; RÚJULA, Pedro (eds.), Los sitios en la Guerra de la Independencia: la lucha en las ciudades, Madrid, Sílex Ediciones-Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Cádiz, 2012, 411 pp. / Rafael Fernández Sirvent; MORENO ALONSO, Manuel, La Constitución de Cádiz. Una mirada crítica, Sevilla, Ediciones Alfar, 2011, 440 pp. / Mª del Mar Alarcón Alarcón; VARELA SUANZES-CARPEGNA, Joaquín, La monarquía doceañista (1810-1837). Avatares, encomios y denuestos de una extraña forma de gobierno, Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2013, 480 pp. / Emilio La Parra López; SÁNCHEZ COLLANTES, Sergio, Sediciosos y románticos. El papel de Asturias en las insurrecciones contra la Monarquía durante el siglo XIX, Gijón, Zahorí Ediciones, 2011, 197 pp. / Juan Boris Ruiz Núñez; COLL MOSCARDÓ, Miguel, De la discordia a la comunión: el Dr. Sardá y los Jesuitas (1882-1907), Roma, Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica, 2013, separata del nº 53-54 (2006-2007) de Anthologica Annua, 290 pp. / Antonio Moliner Prada; SALORT I VIVES, Salvador, Revoluciones industriales, trabajo y Estado de Bienestar. La gran ruptura mundial contemporánea, Madrid, Sílex, 2012, 311 pp. / Mª del Mar Alarcón Alarcón; RISQUES I CORBELLA, Manel (dir.), Un segle d’història de Catalunya en fotografíes, 4 vols., Barcelona, Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2010-2012 / Francisco Sevillano Calero; MEDINA DOMÉNECH, Rosa María, Ciencia y sabiduría del amor. Una historia cultural del franquismo (1940-1960), Madrid, Vervuert, 2013, 276 pp. / Miren Llona González; MORADIELLOS, Enrique, Clío y las aulas. Ensayo sobre Educación e Historia, Badajoz, Diputación de Badajoz, 2013, 320 pp. / Emilio La Parra López.

Ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase: involvement in ammonium assimilation in Haloferax mediterranei

Glutamate synthase (GOGAT) is one of the two important enzymes involved in the ammonium assimilation pathway glutamine synthetase (GS)/GOGAT, which enables Hfx. mediterranei to thrive in media with low ammonium concentration or containing just nitrate as single nitrogen source. The gene coding for this enzyme, gltS, has been sequenced, analysed and compared with other GOGATs from different organisms from the three domains of life. According to its amino acid sequence, Hfx. mediterranei GOGAT displays high homology with those from other archaeal halophilic organisms and with the bacterial alpha-like subunit. Hfx. mediterranei GOGAT and GS expression was induced under conditions of ammonium restriction. The GOGAT protein was found to be a monomer with a molecular mass of 163.78 kDa, which is consistent with that estimated by gel filtration, 198 ± 30 kDa. The enzyme is highly ferredoxin dependent: activity was only observed with one of the two different 2Fe–2S ferredoxins chromatographically isolated from Hfx. mediterranei. The enzyme also displayed typical halophilic behaviour, being fully stable, and producing maximal activity, at salt concentrations from 3 to 4 M NaCl, pH 7.5 and a temperature of 50 °C.

Cu-NirK from Haloferax mediterranei as an example of metalloprotein maturation and exportation via Tat system

The green Cu-NirK from Haloferax mediterranei (Cu-NirK) has been expressed, refolded and retrieved as a trimeric enzyme using an expression method developed for halophilic Archaea. This method utilizes Haloferax volcanii as a halophilic host and an expression vector with a constitutive and strong promoter. The enzymatic activity of recombinant Cu-NirK was detected in both cellular fractions (cytoplasmic fraction and membranes) and in the culture media. The characterization of the enzyme isolated from the cytoplasmic fraction as well as the culture media revealed important differences in the primary structure of both forms indicating that Hfx. mediterranei could carry out a maturation and exportation process within the cell before the protein is exported to the S-layer. Several conserved signals found in Cu-NirK from Hfx. mediterranei sequence indicate that these processes are closely related to the Tat system. Furthermore, the N-terminal sequence of the two Cu-NirK subunits constituting different isoforms revealed that translation of this protein could begin at two different points, identifying two possible start codons. The hypothesis proposed in this work for halophilic Cu-NirK processing and exportation via the Tat system represents the first approximation of this mechanism in the Halobacteriaceae family and in Prokarya in general.

The Spanish version of the Prenatal Breast-feeding Self-efficacy Scale: Reliability and validity assessment

Background: Only a minority of infants are exclusively breastfed for the recommended 6 months postpartum. Breast-feeding self-efficacy is a mother's confidence in her ability to breastfeed and is predictive of breastfeeding behaviors. The Prenatal Breast-feeding Self-efficacy Scale (PBSES) was developed among English-speaking mothers to measure breastfeeding self-efficacy before delivery. Objectives: To translate the PBSES into Spanish and assess its psychometric properties. Design: Reliability and validity assessment. Setting: A public hospital in Yecla, Spain. Participants: A convenience sample of 234 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: The PBSES was translated into Spanish using forward and back translation. A battery of self-administered questionnaires was completed by participants, including a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, breastfeeding experience and intention, as well as the Spanish version of the PBSES. Also, data on exclusive breastfeeding at discharge were collected from hospital database. Dimensional structure, internal consistency and construct validity of the Spanish version of PBSES were assessed. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis suggested the presence of one construct, self-efficacy, with four dimensions or latent variables. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was 0.91. Response patterns based on decision to breastfeed during pregnancy provided evidence of construct validity. In addition, the scores of the Spanish version of the PBSES significantly predicted exclusive breastfeeding at discharge. Conclusions: The Spanish version of PBSES shows evidences of reliability, and contrasting group and predictive validity. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated marginal fit and further studies are needed to provide new evidence on the structure of the scale. The Spanish version of the PBSES can be considered a reliable measure and shows validity evidences.

Recoverable silica-gel supported binam-prolinamides as organocatalysts for the enantioselective solvent-free intra- and intermolecular aldol reaction

Silica-gel supported binam-derived prolinamides are efficient organocatalysts for the direct intramolecular and intermolecular aldol reaction under solvent-free conditions using conventional magnetic stirring. These organocatalysts in combination with benzoic acid showed similar results to those obtained under similar homogeneous reaction conditions using an organocatalyst of related structure. For the intermolecular process, the aldol products were obtained at room temperature and using only 2 equiv of the ketone with high yields, regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Under these reaction conditions, also the cross aldol reaction between aldehydes is possible. The recovered catalyst can be reused up to nine times providing similar results. More interestingly, these heterogeneous organocatalysts can be used in the intramolecular aldol reaction allowing the synthesis of the Wieland–Miescher and ketone analogues with up to 92% ee, with its reused being possible up to five times without detrimental on the obtained results.

Biochemistry I. Unit 1

Unit 1. Introduction. The Basis of Biochemistry

Biochemistry I. Unit 2

Unit 2. Structure and function of proteins

Biochemistry I. Unit 3

Unit 3. Enzymes. Catalysis and enzyme kinetics

Biochemistry I. Unit 4

Unit 4. Carbohydrates

Biochemistry I. Unit 5

Unit 5. Lipids

Biochemistry I. Unit 6

Unit 6. Biomembranes and Transport

Biochemistry I. Unit 7

Unit 7. Structure and function of nucleic acids

Biochemistry I. Unit 8 - DNA replication

U8. DNA replication

Biochemistry I. Unit 8 - DNA repair

U8. DNA repair