957 resultados para Lev Vygotsky
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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This research analyzed if the interactions between teacher and student, and among students, with the use of manipulative materials in the Mathematics teaching in a middle school class and provided the comprehension of the subjects worked. The analysis of the results was based in Vygotsky’s socio-historical theory, that prioritizes the interactions in learning-teaching process. The results of this research showed that these interactions mediated by the use of such materials provide the student with the motivation needed to take part in the math classes as an active actor in his development process, as well as understanding the concepts
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O contexto esportivo tem sido marcado por um numero crescente de torcedores, sendo esses algumas vezes apaixonados por esporte, ou meros curiosos que acompanham matérias jornalísticas, os mesmos torcedores que vibram nos momentos de vitória e vaiam nos momentos de derrota. Podemos dizer que essa torcida poderá desequilibrar o atleta a ponto de interferir em seu desempenho e levá-lo a uma ansiedade capaz de gerar outras fortes tensões, perdendo totalmente o controle da situação pela qual está passando. As equipes desportivas devem dar uma importância maior para a preparação psicológica dos atletas em função do modo como os fatores psicológicos, os agentes causadores de estresse e a baixa alto-estima causam interferência no cotidiano de um atleta. E essa preparação é sempre colocada em segundo plano quando comparada a preparação física, técnica e tática. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar qualitativamente qual a influência que a torcida pode exercer sobre o desempenho de atletas de voleibol durante uma partida, seja ela disputada com a torcida incentivando ou tentando atrapalhar os jogadores. Em pesquisa documental (uma entrevista feita em 1997), cujos dados encontram-se armazenados no LEPESPE, Laboratório de Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia do Esporte, IB/UNESP, sob código DEF/UNESP/MCZ/97, coletados em campeonatos esportivos, no estado de São Paulo, incluindo jogos oficiais da Secretaria de Esportes e Campeonatos Esportivos Universitários por equipe de pesquisadores do laboratório, percebeu-se que tanto em turmas de treinamento, como em jogos entre classes ou entre escolas é que uma primeira preocupação fica mesmo por conta do jogar para ganhar, seguida da intenção de se fazer um bom papel, uma bela figura. Os depoimentos citados mostram que os alunos são breves espelhos de seus professores, quando são bem motivados com...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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This research aimed to verify if the use of experimental demonstration activities through an approach that employed discursive patterns that provided social interaction in the classroom, provided the students motivation to participate in activities and learn the worked contents. The students of this research were twenty four in a Guaratinguetá's school, aged between 19 and 24 years. The instruments of analysis were transcripts of conversations that occurred between student / teacher and student / student and also the studes s answers to a evaluative questionnaire. In order to support this analysis, we used the Vygotsky Social Historical theory . The results showed that the use of demonstration activities, following an approach that used discursive patterns that enabled the social interaction between teacher and students and among students, motivated students to learn the worked contents
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Cette étude visait à générer une carte du potentiel d'érosion pour la Ferme Santa Edwirges, située à Lorena /SP. Les résultats ont etés classifiés en faible, modéré, élève et très élève potentiel d'érosion et la carte obtenue a été comparé par rapport aux autres cartes existantes pour la zone d'étude. La méthodologie proposée se basant sur une application qualitative simple L’équation Universelle de Perte de Sol (USLE ou EUPS), en considérant les parties de l'équation: érodibilité, la topographie et l'utilisation des terres. Les donnés ont etés intégrés par l'algèbre de carte dans l’environnement SIG de ArcGIS. Pour la représentation de chacune de ces parcelles, nous avons utilisé une carte des formations superficielles de la ferme, généré à partir d'une ré-interprétation de la carte géologique, une carte de la pente et une carte d'utilisation des terres, attribuant un poids d’important pour chaque catégorie de ces cartes dans le processus d'érosion et dans l'algèbre proposée. Les résultats obtenus sont compatibles avec les zones identifiées comme les plus critiques sur terrain. La ferme a été identifiée comme de potentiel d'érosion modérée et la partie sud de la ferme le plus critique, suivi du groupe conduit par la zone de cisaillement, par contre les plaines proches des rivières ont eté identifié comme la zone plus stable avec moins de potentiel d'érosionDe la comparaison des résultats de ce travail et d'autres qui ont fait antérieurement dans la zone d’intéresse, qui ont utilisé les paramètres géotechniques dans la représentation de l'érosivité des sols, nous avons pu voir des résultats similaires, en particulier dans les zones à potentiel élevé et faible pour l'érosion. De la discussion et analyse des résultats, la méthodologie proposée à eté validée
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The kidneys, for his anatomical and functional characteristics, are sensitive to affections that take the liberation of renal toxins or the blood supply, causing irreversible injuries to his renoparenchymal tissue that is substituted by fibrous tissue. Even after the resolution of the basic cause, there will be the loss of a significant number of his functional unity, renal adaptations will take place in the attempt of maintaining the renal function. These adaptations produce additional injuries, perpetuating to loss of renoparenchymal tissue and the reduction of the renal function. The renal insufficiency (IR) takes place after the loss of 3/4 of the number of his functional unities. Before the progression to the phase of IR, the animal shows up practically without symptoms, but for the gradual increase of the urinary and of the ingestion of water. The reduction of the degree of renal function leads to alterations system compensatory for the accumulation of substances that would suffer renal excretion. The progression of IR leads to the phase of the syndrome urêmica. In this phase the animal presents innumerable clinical signs that can take it to the death. The treatment is symptomatic and dietetic, but depending on the phase not much efficient. Because of being progressive and insidious, the IRC demands the preparation of campaigns and programs of explanation for the veterinary doctors who aim for the consciousness and/or sensibility of the owners to carry out periodic examinations of selection that precociously detect the renal dysfunction. The diagnosis in the beginning IR enables the efficiency of the treatment in stop or slowing his progression, extending the time and quality of life of the patient
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Este trabalho discute a importância do lúdico no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de espanhol como língua estrangeira. Para tanto, apresenta um panorama histórico com as principais concepções filosóficas, psicológicas e educacionais acerca da prática dos jogos. Os marcos de referência são, sobretudo, os estudos de Kishimoto, que operam uma releitura dos postulados de Froebel, Piaget, Vygotsky e Bruner. Esses pressupostos teóricos são levados ao contexto de aprendizagem da língua espanhola e constituem uma defesa de um ensino significativo do idioma, que se baseia na capacidade de criação, exploração e argumentação do aluno, e privilegia um ambiente de motivação e descontração. A partir de uma proposta educativa que valoriza a formação cognitiva, social e afetiva dos aprendizes, e se atenta a questões como o prazer e a alegria, encaminha-se uma breve análise dos livros didáticos de espanhol selecionados pelo PNLD, bem como uma observação da presença de atividades lúdicas nesses materiais. Diante da expressiva oferta de cursos de idiomas para idosos, e do crescente interesse desse público em aprender uma segunda língua, este estudo contempla, também, a cultura lúdica inserida no espaço de ensino a grupos da terceira idade, uma vez que os benefícios dos jogos e brincadeiras se estendem a qualquer faixa etária. São elaboradas, ainda, algumas atividades destinadas ao ensino de espanhol para esse público, pois nunca é tarde para brincar
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Over the years is a significant number of researchers consider constructivism as a methodology above the rest and that can be applied to any educational context, and is therefore the ideal methodology in the present moment. However, as opposed to this idea, there is a growing body of research that consider the methodological pluralism how best to teach in class, precisely because it is not just one, but several methodological practices which vary according to the educational needs of students. This exhibit features four lessons presented to students of 6th and 8th grade of elementary school II, two lessons using experimental activities, a lesson using Demo activity and a lesson using texts textbooks. In all four lessons there was a collection of data on students' understanding about the physical concepts covered by each of the above four lessons either through questionnaires, video recording, and more. Based on Vygotsky's theory of social interaction and constructs Wertsch (1984), this article raises important discussions about the advantages and disadvantages of these three methodologies within the pluralistic proposal
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A remarkable characteristic of the physics subject is the abstraction ability needed during the learning process, which means a non-trivial comprehension and understanding. If the students could not link the themes learned in this subject with observable effects, physics would tend to be a group of mathematical formulas to be memorized. In general, it creates a distance between the student and the subject, and also a prejudice vision of the physics, sometimes for the whole life. Beyond this particular characteristics of physics, the education deals with a source of distraction reinforced by the popularization of mobile access such as cellphones and tablets. The traditional role played by the teacher becomes weak to attract student’s attention. It is necessary that the classes could be planned in such way to achieve three goals: attract student attention, link analytical concepts with real effects and, the most important, gives to the student the ability to use the learned concepts as the key to develop new knowledge. In this work, we present a research based in some experiments used in a CBEF (Brazilian magazine about physical education) and develop an activity consistent with the aims to be reached. To prepare of the experimental activity, we based on Piaget and Vygotsky theories. This work aimed to developed a theoretical research to obtain a didactical activity that deals with the current challenges of the society
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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The purpose of this study is to know the route of Special Education in different contexts, the city of Maringa/Brazil and Guadalajara/Spain and analyze the bases underlying the organization, structure and operation of this mode of education having as starting point the process inclusive school. This investigation is based on the theoretical and methodological principles of the historical-cultural notion by Vygotsky. He argues that the existence of fundamental principles underlying the development of children with disabilities. If, on the one hand, the disability imposes limitations on the individual, hindering its development, on the other, just by causing difficulties, enables the movement to compensate, increasing the development of other capabilities. The deficit itself is less. Therefore, it is a field research carried out by means of observations, literature search and document analysis in early childhood education institutions visited in the cities mentioned above. The results showed that there are peculiarities of its path, organization and functioning of Special Education in each of the contexts analyzed. Referentemente the inclusive education movement, it is clear that Spain is a precursor of this process therefore has the right conditions in different ways to conduct the service children with special needs, and on the other hand, schools have the resources and specialized materials they need. While in Brazil the operationalization of these measures occurs more slowly. Thus, we can say that this process of inclusive education does not happen in a linear fashion within mainstream schools and so little action in the different forms of special education in two contexts analyzed.
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Existem representações sociais diversas sobre padrões definidores de normalidade que direcionam o erotismo humano, incluindo aí concepções sobre casamento e relacionamento conjugal. A literatura pode ser um modo de evidenciar esses padrões, por isso, este estudo qualitativo, tipo documental, teve por objetivo analisar a temática das relações conjugais em duas obras do autor russo Lev Tolstói: “Felicidade Conjugal” e “A Sonata a Kreutzer”. A partir da análise de conteúdo, os resultados discutem as seguintes categorias: 1) A relação conjugal como sinônimo de posse; 2) O desejo sexual como mercadoria, 3) Enamoramento e Amor e 4) Casamento e Fidelidade e 5) Relacionamento e gênero. Nas duas narrativas as dificuldades nos relacionamentos conjugais são apresentadas de modo a explicitar o enamoramento e o cotidiano tendo como pano de fundo as relações de posse entre as pessoas; a crítica evidente diz respeito ao principio de individuação, que tem como base a propriedade privada, inclusive nos relacionamentos amorosos e sexuais. Conclui-se que a análise dessas obras de Tolstói contribui para refletir sobre como os relacionamentos conjugais se configuram também na atualidade; além disso, ressalta-se que a literatura é um instrumento interessante para problematizar e refletir certos padrões de conduta em sexualidade e que poderia ser usada em propostas intencionais de educação sexual.