Rehabilitation and reintegration needs of female inmates and promotion mental health in Georgian prison

RESUMO: As mulheres presas encontram-se num sistema essencialmente dirigido por e concebido para homens. As mulheres que entram na prisão geralmente vêm de ambientes marginalizados e desfavorecidos e muitas vezes têm histórias de violência e abuso físico e sexual. As mulheres presas são um grupo particularmente vulnerável, uma vez que dentro do sistema prisional as suas necessidades de saúde e higiene são muitas vezes negligenciadas. O primeiro passo para o desenvolvimento de programas e práticas sensíveis ao género é compreender as características das mulheres delinquentes e definir fatores de vida específicos que contribuem para a formação do comportamento criminoso de mulheres. Em junho de 2012 foi realizada uma investigação na única prisão feminina da Geórgia, para estudar as necessidades mentais e psicossociais das mulheres presas. O objetivo da pesquisa foi o desenvolvimento de programas de apoio pertinentes para a reabilitação, ressocialização e reintegração, e a elaboração de recomendações práticas para a gestão das prisões. Foi desenvolvido um instrumento de pesquisa (inquérito) com uma fundamentação conceptual baseada em quatro principais teorias: Teoria dos Caminhos (Pathways Theory), teoria do desenvolvimento psicológico da mulher (Theory of Women’s Psychological Development), Trauma e Teorias da Dependência (Trauma and Addiction Theories). Foram inquiridas 120 mulheres presas. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que muitas das necessidades das mulheres presas são diferentes das dos homens e requerem estratégias adaptadas às suas características e situações psicossociais específicas. A maioria das mulheres encarceradas é jovem, enérgica, pode trabalhar, tem profissão e família. As presas sofrem de problemas psicológicos e muitas vezes são rejeitadas pelas suas famílias. Uma parte substancial das mulheres presas tem múltiplos problemas de saúde física e mental. A maioria delas tem filhos e sofre com o facto das crianças estarem a crescer longe da mãe. Com base nos resultados desta investigação é possível elaborar um contexto promotor do planeamento e desenvolvimento de serviços com um enfoque de género na prisão. Na perspetiva de longo prazo, o conhecimento das necessidades básicas e a introdução de programas e serviços com necessidades específicas pertinentes irá beneficiar as presas e as suas famílias, e melhorar a eficácia do sistema de justiça criminal.----------ABSTRACT: Female inmates find themselves in a system essentially run by men for men. Women who enter prison usually come from marginalized and disadvantaged backgrounds and are often characterized by histories of violence, physical and sexual abuse. Female prisoners constitute an especially vulnerable group given their specific health and hygienic needs within the system are often neglected. The first step in developing gender-sensitive program and practice is to understand female offenders’ characteristics and the specific life factors that shape women’s patterns of offending. In June 2012 a research was carried out in the Georgian only female prison facility to assess the mental and psychosocial needs of women prisoners, aiming to develop effective support programs for their rehabilitation, re-socialization and reintegration, as well as to elaborate new recommendations concerning prison management. A survey instrument (questionnaire) was developed within a theoretical framework based on four fundamental theories: Pathways Theory, Theory of Women’s Psychological Development and Trauma and Addiction Theories. Sample size was defined to be 120 surveyed persons. The study showed that needs of incarcerated women were different from those of men, thus requiring approaches tailored to their specific psychosocial characteristics and situations. The basic population of imprisoned women consisted of young, energetic, working-age females, most often with a professional qualification. Female prisoners suffered from psychological problems and are were more likely to be rejected by their families. Most of them had children and suffered that the children were growing without mothers. A substantial proportion of women offenders had multiple physical and mental health problems. Based on the study findings a conceptual framework can be elaborated towards planning and developing gender-sensitive services in prison. In the long-term perspective, acknowledgement of baseline needs and introduction of the relevant needs-specific programs and services may benefit women prisoners as well as their families, improving the effectiveness of the criminal justice system.

Revolution in Crisis: The Ruptures of Revolution and Ruptured Revolutions Through the Ruptures of Artistic Practice

This article proposes an investigation of the history and memory of the Carnation Revolution through the lens of contemporary art. Drawing upon the argument according to which history and memory are investigated by visual artists by means other, but no less relevant, than those of professional historians, this article will argue for the importance of attending to the visual, auditory, textual, object- and research-based ways in which artists from several generations and geographies have been unearthing the repressed histories and memories of the Carnation Revolution in Portugal and of anticolonial struggles, decolonization and post-independence nation-building in Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau and Angola. The discussion focuses on several works by Ângela Ferreira, but attention will also be paid to precursors in imaging the Revolution, such as Ana Hatherly, and to a younger generation of artists such as Filipa César, Kiluanji Kia Henda and Daniel Barroca.

Atendimento no Ambulatório de Nutrição Renal da Faculdade de Nutrição da Universidade Federal Fluminense e Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro : efeitos de um programa de treino de força intradialítica em pacientes renais crónicos

Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Nutrição Clínica, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2015

Behind the Scenes of an Ant Genome Project

Dramatic improvements in DNA sequencing technologies have led to amore than 1,000-fold reduction in sequencing costs over the past five years.Genome-wide research approaches can thus now be applied beyond medicallyrelevant questions to examine the molecular-genetic basis of behavior,development and unique life histories in almost any organism. A first step foran emerging model organism is usually establishing a reference genomesequence. I offer insight gained from the fire ant genome project. First, I detailhow the project came to be and how sequencing, assembly and annotationstrategies were chosen. Subsequently, I describe some of the issues linked toworking with data from recently sequenced genomes. Finally, I discuss anapproach undertaken in a follow-up project based on the fire ant genomesequence.

Mitochondrial uncoupling as a regulator of life-history trajectories in birds: an experimental study in the zebra finch.

Mitochondria have a fundamental role in the transduction of energy from food into ATP. The coupling between food oxidation and ATP production is never perfect, but may nevertheless be of evolutionary significance. The 'uncoupling to survive' hypothesis suggests that 'mild' mitochondrial uncoupling evolved as a protective mechanism against the excessive production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because resource allocation and ROS production are thought to shape animal life histories, alternative life-history trajectories might be driven by individual variation in the degree of mitochondrial uncoupling. We tested this hypothesis in a small bird species, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), by treating adults with the artificial mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) over a 32-month period. In agreement with our expectations, the uncoupling treatment increased metabolic rate. However, we found no evidence that treated birds enjoyed lower oxidative stress levels or greater survival rates, in contrast to previous results in other taxa. In vitro experiments revealed lower sensitivity of ROS production to DNP in mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscles of zebra finch than mouse. In addition, we found significant reductions in the number of eggs laid and in the inflammatory immune response in treated birds. Altogether, our data suggest that the 'uncoupling to survive' hypothesis may not be applicable for zebra finches, presumably because of lower effects of mitochondrial uncoupling on mitochondrial ROS production in birds than in mammals. Nevertheless, mitochondrial uncoupling appeared to be a potential life-history regulator of traits such as fecundity and immunity at adulthood, even with food supplied ad libitum.

Effect of biogeographic history on population vulnerability in European amphibians.

The genetic diversity of populations, which contributes greatly to their adaptive potential, is negatively affected by anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and destruction. However, continental-scale losses of genetic diversity also resulted from the population expansions that followed the end of the last glaciation, an element that is rarely considered in a conservation context. We addressed this issue in a meta-analysis in which we compared the spatial patterns of vulnerability of 18 widespread European amphibians in light of phylogeographic histories (glacial refugia and postglacial routes) and anthropogenic disturbances. Conservation statuses significantly worsened with distances from refugia, particularly in the context of industrial agriculture; human population density also had a negative effect. These findings suggest that features associated with the loss of genetic diversity in post-glacial amphibian populations (such as enhanced fixation load or depressed adaptive potential) may increase their susceptibility to current threats (e.g., habitat fragmentation and pesticide use). We propose that the phylogeographic status of populations (i.e., refugial vs. post-glacial) should be considered in conservation assessments for regional and national red lists.

Li queste del S. Graal [La quête du Saint-Graal]

Commencement : « A la veille de la Pentecouste quant li compaignon de la Table reonde furent venu a Chamahelot... » — Fin : « ...Et quand Boors ot conté les aventures del S. Graal, teles com il les avoit veu, si furent mises en escript et gardées moult chierement, dont mestres Gautiers Map le traist a faire sen livre del Graal pour l'amour del roy Henri son signour, qui fist l'hystoire translater de latin en franchois. Si s'en taist atant li contes que plus n'en dist des aventures del S. Graal. Amen. — Chius livres fu parescrips le nuit Nostre Dame en mi aoust l'a[n] mil trois cens et LI : si l'escripst Pierars dou Tielt, et enlumina et loia. — Explicit li queste del S. Graal. » Fol. 95 : Annales depuis le commencement du monde jusqu'en 1281. Commencement : « Chi conmencent li an dés le conmencement del monde tres chi qu'en nos temps... » — Fin : « M. CC. LXXIX. Margerite contesse de Flandres et de Hainau moru. Guis ses fieus fu quens. — MCCLXXX. Nicolas pape morut. — MCCLXXXI. Martins fu pape. »

Guiron le Courtois, translaté de latin en françois par Luce du Châtel du Gat.

Commencement : « O Dieu qui m'a donné povoir et engin... » — Fin : « ...et retourne au roy Melyadus pour compter partie de ses aventures. — Cy fine le premier livre Guyron le Courtoys. »

Biblia sacra, pars.

BIBLIA SACRA

Evangelia.

Avec prologues, arguments et « capitula ». Evangeliorum canones (6) ; Evang. Matthaei (11), Marci (49), Lucae (72), Johannis (111v).

Vetus Testamentum, pars III.

Avec prologues et « capitula ». Judith (1) ; Esther (17) ; Macchab. I-II (32v) ; Esdras I-II, et addit. marg., IV, VIII, 20-36 (96v) ; Baruch (124). F. I et II Fragments de Bible et de Graduel noté (notation catalane) (XIIe s.), avec note en catalan (XVIe s.).

Vetus Testamentum, pars II.

Avec prologues et « capitula ». Reg. II,VII,22-XI,14 (2), III,II,46-VIII,29 (5), II,XIX,12-III,II,41 (13), II,VI,19-VII,22 (29), II,XIV,9-XVIII,24 (30), II,XII,10-XIII,5 (36), III,VIII, 30-XXII,54 (37), IV,I,1-XXV,30 (61) ; Job (98v) ; Tobias (120).

Biblia sacra.

Avec prologues et arguments. Genesis (7v), etc. — Oratio Manasse (167) ; Esdras I-III (167v), etc. — Macchab. I-II, avec prologues de RABAN MAUR (353v, 354). — Evang. Matthaei (377), etc. — XIV Epist. Pauli (421v) ; Actus Apost. (448v) ; VII Epist. canon. (462) ; Apocalypsis (467v). — Interpretationes nominum hebraicorum : « Aaz, apprehendens... — ... consiliatores eorum. » (473v). — « Ordo librorum presentis voluminis. » (513v).

Psalterium cisterciense.

F. 1 Psautier. F. 134v Cantiques, suivis de « preces » (146). F. 148 Litanies cisterciennes.