Uso do protocolo no serviço de psicologia e avaliação psicodinâmica em candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica

A clínica da Obesidade Mórbida e a Cirurgia Bariátrica exige estudos e acompanhamentos do paciente. Os benefícios e riscos do emagrecimento por tratamento cirúrgico devem servir como ponto de alerta aos profissionais da saúde. O uso do questionário no serviço de psicologia é norteado pela escuta psicológica. Objetivos: 1) Descrever o perfil sócio-demográfico candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica. 2) Analisar a percepção dos pacientes sobre características de personalidade associadas à obesidade e transtornos alimentares. 3) Descrever os conteúdos psicodinâmicos da narrativa do sujeito e avaliar o sistema tensional inconsciente de dois pacientes por meio do Teste das Relações Objetais de Phillipson (TRO). Método: O delineamento metodológico com análise de dados pelo método epidemiológico e estudo de caso clínico, orientação psicanalítica. Na primeira etapa foram consultados 300 questionários do serviço de psicologia e na segunda dois pacientes com ganho de peso após 24 meses. São pacientes que procuraram tratamento em clínica especializada, em uma metrópole do sudeste brasileiro, sob consentimento pós-informado. Os questionários foram preenchidos por 227 mulheres e 73 homens; com média de idade igual a 36 anos; escolaridade ensino médio e superior, 53%; maioria casados; IMC entre grave e super mórbido (94,3%). Técnicas cirúrgicas indicadas Capella Bypass e Fobi-Capella (67%). Resultados: características psicológicas referidas pelos pacientes, a ansiedade apontou em 93,7% das respostas, seguidas por impulsividade, depressão, tolerância à frustração, baixa auto-estima, resolvedor de problemas dos outros (mais de 50%). No histórico familiar da obesidade está em mais de 70% depressão e uso do álcool em 30%; realização de psicoterapia (30%) e medicamentos para depressão e ansiedade (10%). Na segunda etapa, foi realizado o diagnóstico psicodinâmico, por meio do Teste das Relações Objetais de Phillipson com duas pacientes, cuja análise indicou necessidade de psicoterapia psicanalítica, pois tinham fixações na posição esquizoparanóide e apresentavam dificuldade em lidar com perdas e baixa motivação para mudança e insigth. Conclusões: Com a aplicação do questionário e o registro das observações empíricas, este questionário de entrevista semidirigida preenche condições de melhor acessar e avaliar os conteúdos revelados pelos pacientes. As contradições entre as respostas e o discurso, no contato individual com o psicólogo, apontam a necessidade de investimento no preparo do paciente para a cirurgia e mais acentuadamente o acompanhamento psicológico no primeiro ano do pós-operatório. Há um pensamento mágico a ser trabalhado durante a aplicação do questionário sobre as crenças frente à cirurgia e o emagrecimento e assim convocar o paciente a ocupar o lugar do sujeito implicado em seu processo pré e pós-operatório. O TRO contribuiu na compreensão do diagnóstico psicodinâmico de pacientes com ganho de peso após cirurgia e reforçou a necessidade de maior investimento no pré-operatório.(AU)

ESTUDO DA EFICÁCIA ADAPTATIVA DE ESTUDANTES DE CURSO DE PSICOLOGIA E INDICAÇÃO TERAPÊUTICA COMO MEDIDA PREVENTIVA

O trabalho emocionalmente desgastante dos profissionais das áreas de saúde implica não só a necessidade de uma habilitação acadêmica, mas, acima de tudo, uma adaptação, um equilíbrio emocional satisfatório, premissa básica para um serviço eficaz à saúde da população. Preocupando-se com o futuro profissional de Psicologia, esta pesquisa teve por finalidade verificar o grau de eficácia adaptativa de alunos do curso de Psicologia da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo SP e, quando necessário, fazer-lhes indicação terapêutica. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com a utilização da EDAO (Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada). Durante os anos de 1999 e 2000, foram feitas entrevistas diagnósticas individuais no NEPAP (Núcleo de Estudos, Pesquisa e Atendimento Psicológico), da UMESP, em 10% dos alunos do curso de Psicologia, dos períodos matutino e noturno. Os resultados foram analisados individualmente e inter-grupos com a finalidade de se obter um panorama geral do grau de eficácia adaptativa desses alunos. Com base nos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que embora alguns alunos apresentassem dificuldades nos setores Afetivo-Relacional e Produtividade, a grande maioria foi considerada normal .(AU)

Qualidade da Construção dos Vínculos entre Filhas Cuidadoras e Mães Idosas Dependentes

Este estudo teve por objetivos: - descrever as dificuldades nas relações entre as filhas-cuidadoras e suas mães idosas dependentes de cuidados, a partir de relatos das filhas; - investigar, a partir dos relatos da história familiar dessas filhas, a existência de conflitos prévios a necessidade de cuidar, relacionados à construção dos vínculos; identificar os principais desafios associados assistência ao cuidador familiar de idosos no que tange a resolução de conflitos com o idoso dependente. Método – tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo em que foram apresentados três casos clínicos de cuidadoras que haviam sido encaminhados para atendimento psicológico pela equipe multiprofissional de um Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia, unidade de atenção secundária da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de S.P. Os resultados indicaram dificuldades relacionais entre ambas: cuidadoras filhas e mães idosas. As cuidadoras revelaram sobrecarga física e emocional e grande sofrimento. Todavia, a existência desses conflitos remontava às relações anteriores à atual situação de dependência; ficando bastante evidenciado, tanto pelas histórias de vida das cuidadoras, quanto pelo conteúdo trazido durante o processo terapêutico, a repetição das relações primeiras estabelecidas entre mãe-filha. O processo psicoterapêutico pôde permitir a essas cuidadoras a compreensão da necessidade em ter suas falhas ambientais supridas, na medida em que foi propiciado um ambiente favorável ao relacionamento humano. Assim, ao observarmos que ao longo do processo as pacientes apresentavam mudanças significativas, entendemos que a psicoterapia pode figurar como meio preventivo e preservação de equilíbrio psíquico.

A figuratividade nas histórias em quadrinhos: uma análise das construções metafóricas e metonímicas em V de vingança

The object of this study is the construction of metaphor and metonymy in comics. This work is inserted in the field of Embodied Cognitive Linguistics, specifically based on the Neural Theory of Language (FELDMAN, 2006) and, consistent with this theoretical and methodological framework, the notions of categorization (LAKOFF & JOHNSON, 1999), embodiment (GIBBS, 2005), figurativity (GIBBS, 1994; BERGEN, 2005), and mental simulation (BARSALOU, 1999; FELDMAN, 2006) have also been used. The hypothesis defended is that the construction of figurativity in texts consisting of verbal and nonverbal mechanisms is linked to the activation of neural structures related to our actions and perceptions. Thus, language is considered a cognitive faculty connected to the brain apparatus and to bodily experiences, in such a way that it provides samples of the continuous process of meaning (re)construction performed by the reader, whom (re)defines his or her views about the world as certain neural networks are (or stop being) activated during linguistic processing. The data obtained during the analysys shows that, as regards comics, the act of reading together the graphics and verbal language seems to have an important role in the construction of figurativity, including cases of metaphors which are metonymically motivated. These preliminary conclusions were drawn from the data analysis taken from V de Vingança (MOORE; LLOYD, 2006). The corpus study was guided by the methodology of introspection, i.e., the individual analysis of linguistic aspects as manifested in one's own cognition (TALMY, 2005).

Estudo da participação das espécies fortemente oxidantes produzidas durante a oxidação eletroquímica de corantes usando eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro: função das propriedades eletroquímicas do eletrodo e condições experimentais

The textile industry is one of the most polluting in the world (AHMEDCHEKKAT et al. 2011), generating wastewater with high organic loading. Among the pollutants present in these effluents are dyes, substances with complex structures, toxic and carcinogenic characteristics, besides having a strong staining. Improper disposal of these substances to the environment, without performing a pre-treatment can cause major environmental impacts. The objective this thesis to use a technique of electrochemical oxidation of boron doped diamond anode, BDD, for the treatment of a synthetic dye and a textile real effluent. In addition to studying the behavior of different electrolytes (HClO4, H3PO4, NaCl and Na2SO4) and current densities (15, 60, 90 and 120 mA.cm-2 ), and compare the methods with Rhodamine B (RhB) photolysis, electrolysis and photoelectrocatalytic using H3PO4 and Na2SO4. Electrochemical oxidation studies were performed in different ratio sp3 /sp2 of BDD with solution of RhB. To achieve these objectives, analysis of pH, conductivity, UV-visible, TOC, HPLC and GC-MS were developed. Based on the results with the Rhodamine B, it was observed that in all cases occurred at mineralization, independent of electrolyte and current density, but these parameters affect the speed and efficiency of mineralization. The radiation of light was favorable during the electrolysis of RhB with phosphate and sulfate. Regarding the oxidation in BDD anode with different ratio sp3 /sp2 (165, 176, 206, 220, 262 e 329), with lower carbon-sp3 had a longer favoring the electrochemical conversion of RhB, instead of combustion. The greater the carbon content on the anodes BDD took the biggest favor of direct electrochemical oxidation

Ser cuidador de paciente com acidente vascular cerebral: histórias não contadas

The present study aimed to understand the experience of being a family caregiver of a patient with Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA). The relevance of the study is to prove existence of a large number of caregivers of incapacitated patients, due to the CVA and it is not an academic research object, according to the literature. It is a qualitative research, which the guiding principle is the oral history of life, according to the theoretical foundation and operating of Meihy. Therefore, the following steps were highlighted: the target community, composed of all family caregivers of CVA patients; the colony, composed by family caregivers of CVA patients assisted by Home Care Service (HCS) of the Hospital José Pedro Bezerra (HJPB), in the city of Natal/RN; the network was composed of six caregivers who met the criteria for inclusion, and as zero point the first volunteer group. The population was composed of all family caregivers of patients attended by the HCS, of the HJPB having been addressed through interviews. For the empirical research there was the consent of that institution and approval by the Ethics Committee in Research of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte as CAAE 24569413.0.0000.5537 and, above all, with the acquiescence of employees in participating in the investigation, signing an informed consent. Of the empirical material, five categories of analysis were identified: the sense of being a caregiver; what has changed in the life of the caregiver; the feelings emerge in the relationship of care; the distance from family and friends; difficulties faced by the caregiver. The results show that the caregiver's life goes through profound transformations within the family as well as in all spheres of life. For the caregivers, assuming the care of a relative with CVA means renunciation and donation, compromising sometimes the individual projects and the family as a whole. In addition, they point out the confrontation of difficulties within the the assistance and humanization in healthcare, information, physical and emotional overload, as well as financial problems. Despite all the adversities that compromise the caregiver's life, it was possible to identify attitudes of resilience among caregivers, making them their daily life less strenuous and with more lightness. It is expected, therefore, that this research can contribute to a better orientation of professionals with the caregivers

A produção científica de psicologia e o debate sobre política social

Postgraduate studies in Psychology have passed through intense process of growth and consolidation, attested by current high levels of scientific production. It is questionable, however, the return that psychological science has given to a society that has made large investments. Considering the increasing integration of Psychology in the social welfare area, a form of possible and necessary contribution is by the expansion of social policy debate. This work aimed to discuss how Psychology postgraduate studies can contribute to understand the issue of social policy. The object were academic theses defended in the 2007/2009 triennium related to one of the five thematic criteria, which resulted in 105 theses of 824 defended in the period. The main results point to the existence of the issue in Psychology programs in a sprayed way, predominantly, albeit for a limited set of researchers and programs, "social policy" appears as a priority object of research, indicating incipient systematization of these studies. Moreover, it was found that while the majority of theses can be characterized by fragility of the theoretical frameworks in relation to the subject, with most research in a strictly technical perspective, some proportion of the studies reveals concern about putting the social policy debate into a broader social context, which represents the essential condition to construct a reasoned and robust theoretical critic. In conclusion, this thesis defends that psychological science can only contribute effectively to the society development if academic community promotes a structured articulation around the theme, deepens the theoretical debate and transforms the knowledge built into organized political practice

Avaliação anti-inflamatória e antipeçonhenta das espécies Hancornia speciosa e Mimosa tenuiflora em modelos experimentais de inflamação e envenenamento induzidos por Bothrops jararaca e Tityus serrulatus

Accidents caused by venomous animals represents a significant and serious public health problem in certain regions of Brazil, as well as in other parts of the world by the frequency with which they occur and the mortality they cause. The use of plant extracts as an antidote for poisoning cases is an ancient practice used in many communities that have no access to antivenom. Medicinal plants represent an important source of obtaining bioactive compounds able to assist directly in the treatment of poisoning or indirectly supplementing serum therapy currently used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from M. tenuiflora and H. speciosa in the inflammatory process induced by carrageenan and the venom of B. jararaca and T. serrulatus. The results showed that both M. tenuiflora and H. speciosa were capable of inhibiting cell migration and cytokines levels in peritonitis induced by carrageenin and venom of T. serrulatus. In poisoning by B. jararaca model, mice treated with the plants in studies decreased the leukocyte influx into the peritoneal cavity. Finally the M. tenuiflora and H. speciosa had antiphlogistic activity, reducing edema formation and exerted inhibitory action of leukocyte migration in local inflammation induced by the venom of B. jararaca. Through of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis was possible identified the presence of flavonoids ,saponins and/or terpenes in aqueous extract of M. tenuiflora. By High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis, it was possible to identify the presence of rutin and chlorogenic acid in aqueous extract of H. speciosa. We conclude that the administration of extracts, fractions and isolated compounds of H. speciosa and M. tenuiflora resulted in inhibition of the inflammatory process in different experimental models. This study demonstrates for the first time the effect of M. tenuiflora and H. speciosa in inhibition of the inflammation caused by B. jararaca and T. serrulatus venom.

A influência da relevância social no viés de grupo

Behaviors found in every culture, general human tendencies, are knew in Evolutionary Psychology as evolved psychological mechanisms. Those behaviors date back the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness, and a well know example of such behavior is the group bias (or intergroup bias). This bias consists of recognizing members of your own group and favor them, while disregarding or even harming outsiders. This behavior was and still is extensively studies, among the most important conclusions about this phenomenon is the Minimal Groups Paradigm, in which it was discovered that the group bias could trigger even when the groupings were done in following very arbitrary criteria. In the current study, our goal was to test if the participants, when playing an economic game, would behave in a similar fashion under a minimal group situation and real groups, with social meaning. With this in mind we made two experimental conditions, a Low Social Meaning one (LSM) where the groups were represented by letters (H, B, O and Y) in which participants would be ramdomly assorted to each group; and the High Social Meaning condition (HSM) in which religion was used as a group marker, containing the two most dominating religious groups in Brazil, catholic and evangelic, another group containing all the other affiliations e the fourth and last group representing atheists and agnostics. The ratio of donations in-group/out-group was roughly the same across both conditions. However, the amount of wafers donated to ingroup was significantly bigger in the HSM condition. By verifying which aspects of the individual best predicted the observed group bias, we discovered that the in-group Entitativity perception as well as the Group Identification were the most relevant variables, however, only in the HSM condition. Simultaneously, by verifying the generosity, biased or not, we observed that the agreeableness personality factor was the only variable able to predict it, and only in the LSM condition. We conclude that our generosity, or the lack of it, is for most part defined by our personality, the Agreeableness factor in particular. But this very generosity can be biased by the social meaning of the involved groups and that, if the social meaning is big enough, even people who, thanks to their personality, normally wouldn’t show generosity, are able to do so when the receiver is an in-group member.

Concepção de ser humano subjacente à discussão sobre saúde na psicologia: uma proposta de orientação heideggeriana

A reading method (Cervo & Bervian, 1983) was applied to select psychology publications on health. The rejection of the biomedical model is a recurring theme in these publications. Its point of view is that the model is reductionistic because it emphasizes (1) the disease (2) as a body dysfunction and by consequence health is understood as the absence of disease. The implications of the biomedical model for health are biological materialism and physiological mechanicism. Psychology publications counterpoint to biomedicine is to include attention to life contexts and consider the role of individual behavior and lifestyle in the health-disease process. Those thoughts about the nature of health imply a conception of man, especially when some articles claim that Descartes’ ideas are the ground to biomedicine development. Psychology publications reviewed highlight health characteristics related to a different view of the human mode of being. The thesis presented develops an understanding that Martin Heidegger’s Dasein Analytic is a conception of human being consistent with the selected psychology works’ view of health. It means psychology’s discussion about what is health is based on an implicit approach to the human being, one that allows the rethinking of health. The heideggerian Dasein is a vision of man in tune with the comprehension of health presented in the selected publications. It is understood that the manner a human phenomenon is conceptualized is related even implicitly to a conception of man. To take into account health’s contextual aspects like society, environment, and culture call attention to the man world relationship to which Heidegger calls being in the world. To highlight the role of behavior on one’s own health makes a point of the relationship man has with her/his own being, which Heidegger calls mineness.

Serviços-escola de psicologia do Rio Grande do Norte: formação profissional e política pública de saúde em debate

The Psychology University Services is stablished normatively as an indispensable equipment to the recognition of the graduation courses of psychologists by the Brazilian Education Ministery. The Public Healthcare Policies (Universal Health System/SUS) constitutes itself as a input field of the professional category, but shows huge challenges in the formation of these professionals. The objective of this work is to analyse the functioning of the Psychology University Services (SEP) and the Superior Educational Institutions from Natal, understood as important formation devices to attend the actual demands of the psychologist's work on SUS. For this, it sought a) characterize the psychological practices developed in the SEP; b) relate the National Curricular Lines of Direction of the psychology courses to the skills and competences developed in the SEP to the performance on the public healthcare policies; c) mapping ways of including the SEP in the network designed by the healthcare policy. Interviews were performed with 13 academic supervisors, 8 field supervisors and technicians of superior level (TNC), along with 9 managers, being for of the Psychology University Services and 5 of the graduation programs. Questionnaires were also applied to 57 interns and 24 graduates. Besides that, two conversation circles were performed with the faculty and technician members from two of the Educational Institutions that were participating of the research, as well as a workshop with students and psychologists, promoted by the CRP 17. We observed that most part of the faculty members and managers know the DCN and comprehend that the formation is in process of change in what concerns to the extension of the formation to the performance of the psychologists in various contexts. However, most part of the TNC don't know about them. Moreover, the results point to the predominance of the assisting model based on the traditional clinic psychology, although the articulation with the public healthcare and social assistance networks can already be timidly visualized. Different modalities of practices in theses Psychology University Services were also detected, such as conversation groups, thematic workshops, organizational consultancies, team meetings with the interns and TNS in a daily basis, matriciament in mental health, therapeutic monitoring, among others. Yet, the SEP in Rio Grande do Norte are still isolated from the other courses that perform in the healthcare area and also from the services that compose the public healthcare and public policies.

Evoluções nas modelagens de substratos artificiais (metamateriais) com práticas experimentais em antenas de microfita

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar configurações de substratos dielétricos inovadores projetados e fabricados a partir de estruturas metamateriais. Para isso, são avaliados diversos fatores que podem influenciar no seu desempenho. A princípio, foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico a respeito dos temas, que estão relacionados com as pesquisas sobre: materiais dielétricos, metamateriais e interferometria óptica. São estudados, pesquisados e desenvolvidos dois projetos experimentais propostos, que comprovam a eficiência de métodos, para se alcançar a permeabilidade magnética negativa na formação de metamateriais. O primeiro projeto é a produção de uma nova estrutura, com u anel ressoador triangular equilateral (Split Equilateral Triangle Resonator - SETR). O segundo projeto: aplica os princípios da interferometria óptica, especialmente, com o interferômetro de Fabry-Perot. Técnicas para obtenção dos dispositivos que complementam a placa metamaterial como substrato foram pesquisadas na literatura e exemplificadas principalmente por meio de simulações e medições. Foram feitas comparações, simulações e medições de estruturas convencionais e especiais. As experiências se concentram nas evoluções e modelagens de substratos metamateriais com aplicações em antenas de microfita. As melhorias de alguns parâmetros de desempenho de antenas também são relatadas. As simulações das antenas foram feitas nos programas computacionais comerciais. Os resultados medidos foram obtidos com um analisador vetorial de redes da Rhode and Schwarz modelo ZVB 14.

Evoluções nas modelagens de substratos artificiais (metamateriais) com práticas experimentais em antenas de microfita

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar configurações de substratos dielétricos inovadores projetados e fabricados a partir de estruturas metamateriais. Para isso, são avaliados diversos fatores que podem influenciar no seu desempenho. A princípio, foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico a respeito dos temas, que estão relacionados com as pesquisas sobre: materiais dielétricos, metamateriais e interferometria óptica. São estudados, pesquisados e desenvolvidos dois projetos experimentais propostos, que comprovam a eficiência de métodos, para se alcançar a permeabilidade magnética negativa na formação de metamateriais. O primeiro projeto é a produção de uma nova estrutura, com u anel ressoador triangular equilateral (Split Equilateral Triangle Resonator - SETR). O segundo projeto: aplica os princípios da interferometria óptica, especialmente, com o interferômetro de Fabry-Perot. Técnicas para obtenção dos dispositivos que complementam a placa metamaterial como substrato foram pesquisadas na literatura e exemplificadas principalmente por meio de simulações e medições. Foram feitas comparações, simulações e medições de estruturas convencionais e especiais. As experiências se concentram nas evoluções e modelagens de substratos metamateriais com aplicações em antenas de microfita. As melhorias de alguns parâmetros de desempenho de antenas também são relatadas. As simulações das antenas foram feitas nos programas computacionais comerciais. Os resultados medidos foram obtidos com um analisador vetorial de redes da Rhode and Schwarz modelo ZVB 14.

Algoritmos experimentais para o problema biobjetivo da árvore geradora quadrática em adjacência de arestas

The Quadratic Minimum Spanning Tree (QMST) problem is a generalization of the Minimum Spanning Tree problem in which, beyond linear costs associated to each edge, quadratic costs associated to each pair of edges must be considered. The quadratic costs are due to interaction costs between the edges. When interactions occur between adjacent edges only, the problem is named Adjacent Only Quadratic Minimum Spanning Tree (AQMST). Both QMST and AQMST are NP-hard and model a number of real world applications involving infrastructure networks design. Linear and quadratic costs are summed in the mono-objective versions of the problems. However, real world applications often deal with conflicting objectives. In those cases, considering linear and quadratic costs separately is more appropriate and multi-objective optimization provides a more realistic modelling. Exact and heuristic algorithms are investigated in this work for the Bi-objective Adjacent Only Quadratic Spanning Tree Problem. The following techniques are proposed: backtracking, branch-and-bound, Pareto Local Search, Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure, Simulated Annealing, NSGA-II, Transgenetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization and a hybridization of the Transgenetic Algorithm with the MOEA-D technique. Pareto compliant quality indicators are used to compare the algorithms on a set of benchmark instances proposed in literature.

Algoritmos experimentais para o problema biobjetivo da árvore geradora quadrática em adjacência de arestas

The Quadratic Minimum Spanning Tree (QMST) problem is a generalization of the Minimum Spanning Tree problem in which, beyond linear costs associated to each edge, quadratic costs associated to each pair of edges must be considered. The quadratic costs are due to interaction costs between the edges. When interactions occur between adjacent edges only, the problem is named Adjacent Only Quadratic Minimum Spanning Tree (AQMST). Both QMST and AQMST are NP-hard and model a number of real world applications involving infrastructure networks design. Linear and quadratic costs are summed in the mono-objective versions of the problems. However, real world applications often deal with conflicting objectives. In those cases, considering linear and quadratic costs separately is more appropriate and multi-objective optimization provides a more realistic modelling. Exact and heuristic algorithms are investigated in this work for the Bi-objective Adjacent Only Quadratic Spanning Tree Problem. The following techniques are proposed: backtracking, branch-and-bound, Pareto Local Search, Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure, Simulated Annealing, NSGA-II, Transgenetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization and a hybridization of the Transgenetic Algorithm with the MOEA-D technique. Pareto compliant quality indicators are used to compare the algorithms on a set of benchmark instances proposed in literature.